Merriman Teacher Notes on Exploration and Conquest (Summer 2023) - PDF

# Exploration and Conquest In The New World ## The Origins Of European Emire - Cosimo de Medici hired 200 scribes to copy 200 volumes in 2 years - 15th (Flemish craftsmen invented oil-based ink - 1450 wooden hand press and movable type in Mainz = 1st Printing Press - Johannes Gutenberg - Bible...

# Exploration and Conquest In The New World ## The Origins Of European Emire - Cosimo de Medici hired 200 scribes to copy 200 volumes in 2 years - 15th (Flemish craftsmen invented oil-based ink - 1450 wooden hand press and movable type in Mainz = 1st Printing Press - Johannes Gutenberg - Bible first thing he printed - printing shops by 14705 - by 1500 35,000 books published each year (150,000-200,00 by 1600) - Provided scholars w/ identical texts - accounts of discoveries and travels - private libraries of very wealthy - new professions: librañan, book seller, publisher, typesetter, editor - 9 in #universiting (20 in 1300 to 70 in 1500) - literacy rates among wealthy ↑ - also in towns, not so much for most Europeans (3-4% literate) - collected fees from shilps passing through Indian Ocean - merchants, missiorames, mercenanes expanded empire - Lisbon became internatril city - new technology (not in book) - Caravel, faster/lightership - la teen sail, sail in to wind - 1487 Bartolomeo Dias rounded cope of Good Hope - Portugal controlled sea route arand Afnza to Asia - silver discovered in Mexico and Pen 15405 - (Petosi mines) - diseases from Europe massive killer Amencas indigenouse pol - Congustadores bored after end of reconquista, needed astlet - conquery Amenzas - Magellan killed in Pacific Islands. - but his crew circum navigated the globe 1522 - reasons for exploration: 3Gs - God (Conversion of indigenouspol) - gold (wealth) - glory (for indin dual and contry) - not easy to live in Armences - 1st joyrs of Spanish in Hispaniola, 2/3 Europeans - Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to bank roll Christopher Columbus 1492 - go west to get east - 3 ships - 9 weeks reached islands in Caribbean - began indigenas slavery - 1498 Portuguese Vasco da Gama made it to Indian Ocean and back - cargo of spices brought back paid for trip 60x over (!) - brought armed ships back on next voyage and forced way into trade - by1519 70% Portuguese crown revenue from overseas trade, ep pepper and spices frum Asia - made censorship more difficult ## Portuguese - St to venture in tu Atlantiz - Stayed awry Coasts - North Africa (Princettening the Naysator not of Ibenan Peninsula) - took Madeira and A zares islands - original goal to continue reconquista (retaking lands from Muslim empiles) - economic factors as well-break Venetian Monopoly on Asian gouds - built trade posts alant Coast of - (1557 formally leased Macau, 1999 handed back) ## 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas, Pope Alexander VI ofrially drided world blun Amennras Africa Asia Spain and Por tiyal - Spanish Conquistadores to Amenzas Afrza and Indian Brazil - Balboa to Panama - Cortes to mexico 1519 - Pizarro to Inca Empire 15405 ## Spanish galleons-massive Ships brought goods from Colonies - tobacco, potatoes, beans, Cacay chili peppers, tomatues - new crops = European pop - > papulation of Mexico from 25 million in 1520 to 1 million in 1600 - > Peru from 7 million in 1500 to 1 million 16600 - > smallpox, measles, typhus, bubonic plaque - Columbian Exchange (not named exchange of plants, animals diseases btwn Old World and New World (Amenzas) - pigs cows, sheep from old worl - potatoes, coffee, Cocoa from new world