Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Human Biology 2 PDF

Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] eukaryotic cell or tissue su...

Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] eukaryotic cell or tissue surface requires the participation of two factors: a receptor and a ligand. The receptors so far defined are usually specific carbohydrate or peptide residues on the eukaryotic cell surface. The bacterial ligand, called an adhesin, is typically a macromolecular component of the bacterial cell surface which interacts with the host cell receptor. There are several terms used to describe adherence factors in microbiology such as (Adhesin, Receptor, Fimbriae, Biofilm, Capsule..etc) Questions sheet: 1-the bacterial diseases tuberculosis, caused by the bacterium----------- A-Streptococcus pyogenes B-Enterococcus faecalis C-Streptococcus mitis D-Mycobacterium tuberculosis E- E.coli 2-The pathogenic bacteria must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be found in------- A-healthy organisms B-isolated from a diseased organism C-cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism. D- A and B E- all the above. 3- The fourth Koch's postulates are the pathogenic microorganism must be re isolated from the ------ And caused diseased experimental host A-inoculated diseased B-caused harmed. C- healthy organisms D- harmed and healthy E- all of the above. Lec.1 Page 6 of 9  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] 4-------- long-term interactions between different biological species, which can be mutualistic, commensal or parasitic. A. Parasitism B. Symbiosis C. Amensalism D. Mutualism E. Amensalism 5- ………………is the two organisms of different species exist in a relationship in which the parasite where benefits while the another is harmed. A- Mutualism B- Parasitism C- Antagonism D- Amensalism E- None of the above. 6- when one organism is harmed while the another is unaffected it refers to……………………….. A- Mutualism B- Parasitism C- Antagonism D- Amensalism E- None of the above. 7- …………………refers to the action of any organism that suppresses or interfere with the normal growth and activity of a pathogen. A- Mutualism B- Parasitism C- Antagonism D- Amensalism E- None of the above. 8- Microorganisms are found normally in the tissues such as except. A- Intestine B- Skin C- muscle D- blood E- C and D. 9- The mixture of organisms regularly found at any anatomical site is referred to as the……………… Lec.1 Page 7 of 9  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] A- Normal flora B- TRANSIENT flora C- Resident flora D- Mixture flora E- None of the above 10- ………………….is used to grade the ability of an organism to cause disease A- The LD50 B- Virulence C- Adherence D- Colonization E- antigen 11- Regularly found inside the body or on its surfaces are usually not pathogenic but may be opportunistic. A- Resident flora B- Mycoplasmas C- Colonization D- pathogenic bacteria E- None of the above 12-------- used in the measurement of virulence between two strains of the same organism. A- Colonization B- The LD50 C- Adherence D- pathogenic bacteria E- all of the above. 13- Koch's postulates are ……………… criteria designed to establish a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease A- two B- four C- three D- five E- forty 14- Koch's postulates formulated by Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler in ……. A- 1884. B- 1981. C- 1848. D- 1918. E- None of the above Lec.1 Page 8 of 9  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] 15- …………………..discovered the parasite infects the silk worm. A- Robert Koch B- Loeffler C- Louis Pasteur D- Joseph Lister E- A &B 16- ……………………….Describes the ability of an organism to establish itself in a new host A- Infectivity B- The LD50 C- Adherence D- pathogenic bacteria E- None of the above. Lec.1 Page 9 of 9  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] Questions sheet: 1- ………………usually specific carbohydrate or peptide residues on the eukaryotic A- Receptor B- Adhesin C- Ligand D- cell surface E- Capsula 2- Which of the following is not Specific Adherence of Bacteria to Cell and Tissue Surfaces. A- Tissue tropism B- Hydrophobic interactions C- Species specificity D- Genetic specificity E- None of the above 3- Streptococcus. mutans is abundant in dental plaque but does not occur on epithelial surfaces of the tongue. Refer to…………………….. A- Tissue tropism B- Genetic specificity C- Brownian movement D- interacting with the bacterial E- Electrostatic attractions 4- Group A streptococcal infections occur only in humans refer to…………… A- Tissue tropism B- Species specificity C- Brownian movement D- interacting with the bacterial E- Electrostatic attractions 5- Nonspecific adherence is …………………… A- reversible attachment B- irreversible attachment C- visible attachment D- invisible attachment E- None of the above 6- Which of the following is not nonspecific attractive forces which allow approach of the bacterium to the eukaryotic cell surface. A- Hydrophobic interactions. B- Electrostatic attractions. Lec.2 Page 5 of 7  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] C- specific lock-and-key D- Brownian movement. E- All of the above. 7- Most invasins are……….. A- Carbohydrate B- Complex of lipids C- Proteins D- Lipoproteins E- All of the above 8- enzymes that affect the physical properties of tissue matrices and intercellular spaces involved in…………… A- Adherence B- Multiply C- Invasion D- Spread E- None of the above 9- Which of the following is not a feature of Exotoxin A- Excreted by living cells, found in high conc. In fluid medium. B- Polypeptides , molecular weight 10000-900000 Daltons C- Relatively unstable to temperature above 60 C D- Weekly toxic, hundreds of micrograms. quantities required to be lethal for animals. E- All the above. 10- Which of the following is not a feature of Endotoxin A- Lipopolysaccharide complex B- Relatively stable to temp. above 60C for several hours with no loss activity C- Cannot be converted to a toxoid. D- produce fever in the host "pyrogenic effect" E- None of the above 11- Epidemiology is the science that studies the………………. A- Patterns, Causes and Effects B- Patterns, Causes and substance. C- Epidemic and Endemic and substance D- primary habitat, Epidemic and Endemic. E- None of the above 12- Pigs are not susceptible to E. coli K-88 infections refer to…………… A- Tissue tropism Lec.2 Page 6 of 7  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] B- Species specificity C- Brownian movement D- interacting with the bacterial E- Genetic specificity 13- The following is the first disinfectant used by Joseph Lister in 1867. A- Ethanol B- Phenol C- Mercury D- Methanol E- All the above Lec.2 Page 7 of 7  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] Bacterial antigenic structures: There are three different antigenic structures found in bacteria which are: 1- O antigen: which is represented to a somatic bacterial antigen (Ag) such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 2- K antigen: which is represent to capsular part of bacteria 3- H antigen: which is represent to bacterial flagella. Several terms are predominantly related with infection. Infectious disease is an infection that can be transmitted between humans (or organisms/animals, etc.). Acute infections will be those that arise quickly (e.g. tonsillitis) and progress rapidly. Chronic infections which have a longer course (e.g. tuberculosis), lasting for weeks up to years without resolution. Latent infections are those in which the microbe is able to persist for years within a site in the host and cause of the time the organism is present. Generalized infections are often more severe. The involvement of numerous organs throughout the body will lead to more complications. Another term for systemic infection is 'multi-organ infection'. Localized infections: simply infecting a site such as on the skin. Nosocomial infections : People often acquire an infection during their stay in hospital. Questions sheet: 1- Diseases that are visited upon a population is called……………….. A- Endemic disease B- Epidemic diseases C- Syndemic diseases D- Respiratory diseases E- None of the above Lec.3 Page 4 of 8  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] 2- Disease that resides within a population is called…………………. A- Epidemic diseases B- Syndemic diseases C- Respiratory diseases D- Endemic disease E- None of the above 3- Reservoir of infection it means the……………………………… A- primary habitat B- primary diseases C- secondary habitat D- more one disease E- None of the above 4- Primary habitat of the organism may be………………. A- Person and Animal B- Animal and Plant C- Water and soil D- substance E- All the above 5- Biological markers characterize microorganisms or discriminate between genomes based on…………………………. A- Species variation B- Class variation C- Division variation D- genetic variation E- None of the above 6- genetic variation among microbial isolates include ………………………. A- Genotype B- Phenotype C- Genotype and Phenotype D- Markers characterize. E- all of the above 7- Genotype is genetic constitution of an organism as assessed by a molecular method such as…………… A- plasmid typing B- SNP typing C- plasmid typing and SNP typing. D- Enzymes E- None of the above 8- Phenotype is observable characteristics of an isolate such as……………… Lec.3 Page 5 of 8  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] A- Serotyping B- bacteriocin typing. C- antibiotic typing. D- All of the above E- None of the above. 9- The epidemiological marker should remain stable after, EXCEPT. A- its primary isolation. B- during laboratory storage. C- subculture. D- across generations E- None of the above. 10- Respiratory Tract Illnesses, through inhalation of airborne droplets containing microbes by………………. A- Sneezes B- coughs C- sneezes or coughs D- food and drinks E- all of the above 11- Infections that spread by a vector who serves as an intermediate host to a healthy person is called as vector borne illness. such as…………. Diseases A- Tuberculosis B- malaria C- mastitis D- orchitis E- All of the above 12- Many illnesses spread by direct contact with the infected person by the following EXCEPT………….. A- Saliva and Blood B- Blood and semen C- Semen and pus D- Open wound E- Medical error 13- Injection or transplantation of an infected material into a healthy individual causes …………………………... A- Iatrogenic transmission B- Vertical Transmission C- Venereal/Sexual Transmission Lec.3 Page 6 of 8  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] D- Respiratory Tract Illnesses E- All of the above 14- Rabies is an example of such an infectious disease caused by…………………. A- Animal to person B- Iatrogenic transmission C- Vertical Transmission D- Venereal/Sexual Transmission E- Respiratory Tract Illnesses 15- zoonotic diseases referred that the natural host is…………….. A- Person B- Animal C- Plant ‘ D- Soil E- All of the above 16- Bacterial Infections characterized by the following signs EXCEPT A- Redness and swelling. B- Open wound C- heat on the infected part. D- Pain at the site of infection. E- Pus. 17- The common diagnostic methods to detect infection, include the following Except A- Blood tests B- Microbial culture C- Biopsy D- Stool samples. E- Numerical count test. 18- K antigen is represent……………………. A- Capsular part of bacteria. B- Receptor part of host C- Capsular part of host D- Receptor part of bacteria E- None of the above 19- H antigen is represented to …………………………………………….. A- bacterial flagella B- host cell membrane. C- Receptor part of host Lec.3 Page 7 of 8  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] D- Capsular part of host E- All of the above 20- O antigen is represented to…………………………… A- Receptor part of host B- somatic bacterial antigen C- Capsular part of host D- bacterial flagella E- None of the above 21- People often acquire an infection during their stay in hospital called………… A- Localized infections disease. B- Latent infections disease. C- Generalized infections disease. D- Infectious disease. E- Acute infections disease. 22- Another term for systemic infection is……………………….. A- Latent infections disease. B- multi-organ infection C- Infectious disease. D- Acute infections disease. E- All of the above. 23- Infections disease which arise quickly, and progress rapidly called…………. A- Localized infections disease. B- Latent infections disease. C- Generalized infections disease. D- Infectious disease. E- Acute infections disease. 24- Infections which have a longer course, lasting for weeks up to years without resolution called. A- Localized infections disease. B- Latent infections disease. C- Generalized infections disease. D- Chronic infections. E- Acute infections disease. Lec.3 Page 8 of 8  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] - Blastomycosis 5. Opportunistics - Aspergillosis mycoses - Mucormycosis - Fusariosis - Alternariosis - Candidiasis Questions sheet: 1- Fungus [pl. Fungi] is alatin word which mean………………. A- Microorganism B- Mushroom C- Virous D- Bacteria E- Protozoa 2- The science of Mushrooms is known as ……………………. A- Immunology B- Mycology C- Virology D- Bacteriology E- None of the above 3- The fungi are evolutionary intermediates between………………………….. A- plants and microorganisms. B- Person and animal C- Bacteria and Virus D- Bacteria and animal E- None of the above 4- Fungi live as ……………………………………………………………… A- Saprophytes B- parasites C- A&B D- Mutulism. Lec.4 Page 6 of 9  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] E- All of the above 5- Fungi found in…………………………………………………… A- Soil B- Water C- air D- in our food stuffs. E- all of the above 6- All the following are true for characteristics of fungi EXCEPT A- Fungi are eukaryotes. B- They are non – green plants. C- The body of fungus is known as thallus. D- The thallus may consist of a single cell, or it consists of filaments. E- They possess stems, roots, or vascular system. 7- Fungus growth takes place at the tip or apex of filaments. This type of growth is known ……………… A- Apical growth B- Terminal growth. C- A&B D- stems growth E- A&C 8- The optimum temperature for the growth of fungus between A- 20C° and 30C°. B- 25C° and 37C°. C- 20C° and 25C°. D- 25C° and 30C°. E- None of the above 9- Fungi prefer for growth PH…… ……………………………….. A- (pH6). B- (pH7). C- (pH8). D- A &C E- None of the above 10- The filamentous body is called ………………………………….. Lec.4 Page 7 of 9  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] A- Mushroom B- Mycelium C- Thallus D- Hyphae E- tubular 11- The hyphae are ………….. types (kinds). A- One type. B- Two types. C- three types D- A&B E- None of the above 12- The mycelium without septa is called…………………………………….. A- septate mycelium B- multinucleate septa C- aseptate mycelium D- A &B E- uninucleated septa 13- Fungi reproduction occurs by……………………………….. A- asexual B- asexual and sexual methods C- sexual methods D- spores E- Budding 14- Asexual reproduction occurs by the following EXCEPT A- Budding B- Fragmentation C- Sporulation D- A &B E- producing haploid spores 15- The spores are located on aspecialised structure called……………. A- Fruiting body B- Ascospores Lec.4 Page 8 of 9  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] C- Basidiospores D- Zygospores E- All the above 16- All fungi are placed in the Division of ……………………. A- Myxomycotina B- Eumycotina C- Mycota. D- Myxomycetes E- None of the above 17- All the following are true for Subdivision Myxomycotina EXCEPT A- Cell wall is absent. B- The thallus is a multinucleate mass of protoplasm called plasmodium. C- It feed by ingestion of food. D- This subdivision has 8 class. E- It moves by amoeboid movement. 18- The fungus, Gibberella Produces gibberellin. It is a……………….. A- Enzymes B- Antibiotics C- Fungal Food D- Growth hormone E- None of the above 19- In Fermentation Yeasts used to bring about ……………… A- Baking industry B- Alcoholic C- Enzymes D- Fungal Food E- Antibiotics 20- Human fungal diseases characterized for……………… A- Superficial mycoses & Systemic mycoses B- Cutaneous and Subcutaneous mycoses C- A &B D- Opportunistic mycoses E- All the above. Lec.4 Page 9 of 9  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] ✓ For severe candidiasis that could be life threatening to someone with a comprised immune system, your doctor may prescribe an IV medication, amphotericin B. Vaccine/Cure? ❖ Recently researchers used recombinant DNA to create a live vaccine and have conjugated fungal antigens with diphtheria toxoid to create a vaccine against Candida. Prevention: ❖ Good personal hygiene ❖ Keeping skin clean, dry, and free from abrasions or cuts ❖ Avoid high sugar, starch, and carbohydrates in your diet. ❖ Taking sufficient amounts of probiotics, to repopulate normal flora. Questions sheet: 1- Human fungal diseases characterized for……………… A- Superficial mycoses & Systemic mycoses B- Cutaneous and Subcutaneous mycoses C- A &B D- Opportunistic mycoses E- All the above. 2- Candida Albicans reproduces by ………………………………………… A- Budding B- Fragmentation C- Sporulation D- A &B E- producing haploid spores Lec.5 Page 9 of 13  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] 3- Candida Albicans optimum temperature for the growth is………… A- 30C°. B- 37C°. C- 25C°. D- 20C°. E- None of the above 4- Candida Albicans is normally present on the skin and in mucous membranes such as A- Vagina B- Mouth C- Rectum D- digestive tract E- all the above 5- all the following are true for Candida Albicans Diagnosis EXCEPT A- Complete medical evaluation and history. B- Signs and symptoms, and clusters of budding. C- Tissue biopsy not needed for invasive systemic disease. D- Takes a sample of the vaginal discharge or swabs an area of oral or skin lesions, urine, feces, and nail clippings. E- Fungal blood and stool cultures. 6- C. Albicans is normally present on skin and in mucous membranes such as the………………… A- Vagina. B- Mouth. C- Rectum. D- digestive tract. E- All the above. 7- The fungus can travel through the blood stream in …………………………… A- individuals suffering immunocompromised. B- Individuals suffering from headaches. C- Individuals suffering from rheumatism. D- Individuals suffering from pneumonia. E- None of the above. 8- Candida can enter newborn infants during or shortly after Lec.5 Page 10 of 13  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] A- Pregnancy B- birth C- Fertilization D- A&C E- All of the above 9- C. Albicans organism is opportunistic - for example, antibiotics kill the good ……………………..leaving Candida free to grow. A- Fungi B- Mushroom C- Virous D- Bacteria E- Protozoa 10- Candida is known to impair immune functioning by directly and negatively impacting the helper-suppresser ratio of …………………………….. A- T lymphocytes. B- White blood cells. C- Red blood cells. D- Platelets. E- All of the above. 11- Acetaldehyde: normal by-product of metabolism, however excess production of this by Candida can cause …………………………… A- impaired neurotransmission in the intestines. B- Impaired nerve transmission in the brain. C- Weak nerve transmission in the stomach. D- Impaired nerve transmission in the skin. E- All of the above 12- Candidiasis is an extremely common infection. Thrush occurs in approximately ……………………….of healthy newborns. A- 2–5 percent B- 5-10 percent C- 2-10 percent D- 5-20 percent E- None of the above. Lec.5 Page 11 of 13  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] 13- Candida albicans is one of several mycoses (fungal disease) that account for most deaths associated with…………………………. A- systemic infection B- leukemia C- AIDS D- yeast infection. E- Diabetes 14- All the following are true for thrush EXCEPT A- Yeast infection that develops in the Skin B- White plaques in mouth, tongue, gums, palate, and/or pharynx. C- Preventable by practicing good oral hygiene. D- B & C. E- None of the above. 15- Characterized by cloudy vision, and lesions within the eye refer to………….. A- Onychomycosis B- Oropharyngeal candidiasis C- Ocular candidiasis D- All of the above E- None of the above 16- Ocular candidiasis Caused through ……………………………….…… A- spread of Candida in the blood stream B- indwelling catheters C- IV drug abuse. D- ocular trauma/surgery. E- all of the above 17- All the following are true for Candida albicans Prevention EXCEPT A- Good personal hygiene B- Keeping skin clean, dry, and free from abrasions or cuts C- Avoid high sugar, starch, and carbohydrates in your diet. D- Taking sufficient amounts of probiotics, to repopulate normal flora. E- None of the above 18- Recently researchers used recombinant DNA to create a live……… against Candida. Lec.5 Page 12 of 13  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] A- fungal antigens B- Antibiotic C- A &B D- Vaccine E- Serum Lec.5 Page 13 of 13  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] 5- Some diseases occur periodically, whereas others are endemic occasionally, a disease reaches epidemic proportions. 6- Some infectious diseases can be treated with antibiotics, but pathogens may become resistant to these drags. Defense against infection Diseases 1- Innate immunity provides general protection against various pathogens. 2- Innate immunity includes the physical barrier of the skin as well as mucus, lysozymes in sweat, oil, tears, and saliva, the inflammation response, Phagocytosis, and interferon's. 3- Acquire immunity provides a way of fighting specific pathogens by recognizing invaders as nonself. It includes antibody and cellular immunity. 4- The lymphatic system consists of the lymphatic vessels and the lymphatic organs. Lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, and thymus. 5- Passive Immunity develops as result of a quireing antibodies generated in another host. Active aquire immunity develops when the body is directly exposed to antigens and produces antibodies in response. Question sheet: 1- Which of the following are characters for mammal adaptations for obtaining and consuming food. A- Mobility and Adapt in the environment. B- Reproduce by sexual Reproduction. C- Unicellular or multicellular Organisms. D- Heterotrophic Organisms. Lec.6 Page 11 of 15  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] E- All of the above. 2- Arthropods is consisting, class…………………………. A- Myxomycotina B- Eumycotina C- Arachnids. D- Myxomycetes E- Mycota. 3- all the following are true for characteristics of mammals Except…………. A- They have hairs. B- They produce milk product. C- They have diaphragm. D- They have specialized teeth. E- They have a highly developed brain. 4- Class mammals are divided into………………………………… A- Three groups B- One group C- Two groups D- Four groups E- None of the above. 5- Skin, the man organ of integumentary system, is composed of layers of lagers of the following types of body tissues Except. A- Epithelial tissues. B- Connective tissues. C- surface tissues. D- Muscle tissues. E- Nervous tissues. Lec.6 Page 12 of 15  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] 6- Skin is composed of two principal layers…………..and ……………….. A- The epidermis and dermis‫ز‬ B- exterior and interior C- inner layer and integer layer D- A & C E- None of the above. 7- The skeleton supports the body and………………………. A- provides a place for muscle attachment. B- protect vital organs and manufactures blood cells. C- serves as a storehouse for calcium and phosphorus. D- None of the above. E- All of the above. 8- There are ……………………..types of Muscles. A- Four B- Three C- Two D- Five E- One 9- The types of Muscles are………………………. A- Smooth, Cardiac and Skeletal B- filaments and myofibrils C- bones and Skeletal D- Smooth , bones and Skeletal E- None of the above 10- All the following are steps for Digestion Except……………………… A- Digestion begins in the mouth with both physical and chemical action. B- Chemical and mechanical digestion continue in the acidic environment of the stomach. C- Steroid hormones bind to receptors inside the target cells, and amino acid hormones bind to plasma membrane receptors. D- Hormones are involved in the regulation of blood glucose and calcium levels. E- None of the above. 11- The central nervous system consists of the………………………… A- brain and spinal cord. B- brain and Neuron. C- Spinal cord and Neuron D- All of the above Lec.6 Page 13 of 15  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] E- None of the above. 12- The senses of the tests and smell are responses to………………………… A- light stimulation B- Chemical stimulation. C- mechanical stimulation D- B &C E- All of the above 13- Digestion is completed and food is absorbed in ………………………… A- Cecum B- Small intestine C- Stomach D- A& B E- large intestine 14- …………………………are the body's main source of energy A- Fats B- Carbohydrates C- Proteins D- Vitamins E- All of the above. 15- The endocrine glands work with the …………………………………….to regulate body function. A- Nervous system B- large intestine C- Spinal cord D- Brain E- All of the above 16- Breathing is partially controlled by the ………………………of the blood. A- Red Cell B- Chemistry C- White cell D- Platelets E- All of the above. 17- Blood is carried by……………………………………………………….... Lec.6 Page 14 of 15  Medical Laboratory Techniques Department Title of the lecture: Human Biology 2 Prof Dr. Aysam Mahmoud Fayed - [email protected] Dr. walaa Sabri Rahem [email protected] A- Arteries and Veins B- Veins and capillaries C- Arteries and capillaries. D- Arteries, Veins, and capillaries. E- None of the above. 18- Changes in males and females of puberty are the result of the production of …………………………… A- FSH hormones B- LH hormones C- FSH and Other sex hormones. D- All the above E- None of the above. 19- The zygote undergoes ……………. division as it travels down the oviduct. A- Mitotic B- Meiosis C- Mitotic and Meiosis D- Cell cycle E- None of the above. 20- The developing fetus is supported by oxygen and nutrients from the mother, exchanged through……………….. A- Umbilical cord. B- Spinal cord C- Capillaries D- Neuron E- None of the above 21- The lymphatic system consists of the A- lymphatic vessels and lymphatic organs B- lymphatic vessels and Lymph nodes C- Tonsils, spleen, and thymus. D- All of the above E- None of the above Lec.6 Page 15 of 15