Mental Health Introduction PDF

UNIT – I INTRODUCTION  Learning objectives  Describe the historical development & current trends in mental health nursing  Explain the epidemiology of mental health problems  Describe the national mental health program and national health policy  Discuss the scope of mental heal...

UNIT – I INTRODUCTION  Learning objectives  Describe the historical development & current trends in mental health nursing  Explain the epidemiology of mental health problems  Describe the national mental health program and national health policy  Discuss the scope of mental health nursing  Elaborate the concept of normal and abnormal behaviour. What is Mental Health??? CONCEPT OF MENTAL HEALTH Balance between the individual and the surrounding world State of harmony between oneself and others Co-existence between the realities of the self & that of other people and the environment  Definition  Mental health is a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to make a contribution to his or her community - WHO  An adjustment of human beings to the world and to each other with a maximum of effectiveness and happiness. - Karl Menninger (1947)  Simultaneous success at working, loving and creating with the capacity for mature and flexible resolution of conflicts between instincts, conscience, important other people and reality. - APA (1980) COMPONENTS OF MENTAL HEALTH The ability to accept self The capacity to feel right towards others The ability to fulfill life's tasks CRITERIAS FOR MENTAL HEALTH Adequate Control of Efficiency in contact with thoughts and work and play reality imagination Social Positive self- A healthy acceptance concept emotional life JAHODA’S INDICATORS OF MENTAL HEALTH (1958) A positive attitude towards self Growth, development and the ability for self actualization Integration Autonomy Perception of reality Environmental mastery  7 Signs of mental health  Happiness  Control over behaviour  Appraisal of reality  Effectiveness in work  Healthy self concept  Satisfying relationships  Effective coping strategies CHARACTERISTICS OF MENTALLY HEALTHY PERSON  Ability to make adjustments.  Sense : 1) Personal worth and importance, 2) Personal security, 3) Responsibility  Solves his problems largely by his own effort & makes his own decisions.  Can give and accept love.  Lives in a world of reality rather than fantasy.  CHARACTERISTICS OF MENTALLY HEALTHY PERSON  Shows emotional maturity in his behavior, & develops a capacity to tolerate frustration & disappointments in his daily life  Developed a philosophy of life that gives meaning and purpose to his daily activities.  Variety of interests and generally lives a well-balanced life of work, rest and recreation.  MENTAL ILLNESS Definition  Mental and behavioral disorders are understood as clinically significant conditions characterized by alterations in thinking, mood or behavior associated with personal distress and/or impaired functioning. (WHO, 2001) Characteristics of Mental Illness  Changes in one's thinking, memory, perception, feeling and judgment resulting in changes in talk and behavior which appear to be deviant from previous personality or from the norms of community  These changes in behavior cause distress and suffering to the individual or others or both  Changes and the consequent distress cause disturbance in day-to-day activities, work and relationship with important others.