MEGA BTR 01 PDF Revision-1

Mega BTR Revision-1 SHORT SUBJECTS For All BTR PDFs Join Us On Telegram { Check Below } PSYCHI  General Psychiatry OCD: Delusion is a disorder of thought- D-Displacement...

Mega BTR Revision-1 SHORT SUBJECTS For All BTR PDFs Join Us On Telegram { Check Below } PSYCHI  General Psychiatry OCD: Delusion is a disorder of thought- D-Displacement U-Undoing Obsession is a disorder of thought- R-Reaction formation Hallucination is a disorder of- I-Inhibition I-Isolation of affect MC delusion: Capgras- ORIENTATION ATTENTION CONCENTRATION Fregoli - Digit span test Serial 7 subtraction DeClerembaut syndrome- Othello syndrome- Cotard syndrome- Ganser syndrome- Transference CAGE: SCOFF: MC obsession: PANSS: MC compulsion: Confusion assessment method (CAM): SPIKES: Association of OCD, anorexia: PEARLS:  GOOD PROGNOSTIC FACTORS BAD PROGNOSTIC FACTORS Acute onset Insidious onset Advanced age at onset (>35 yrs) Early onset (6mon: Gene: Drug: Click Here Regression in any gender >2yrs: Psychi-pharmacology -Max EPS : AD A P T -Min EPS, Max metabolic s/e, DOC for refractory psychoses: 5HT2A-: -Seizure, Myocarditis,Agranulocytosis : 5HT2c-: -QT prolongation, Retinal pigmentation: -PD induced psychosis DOC: -Mc side effect of SSRI: -SIADH, vivid dreams, dry mouth, sweating: -SPARI: -Serotonin modulator-5HT1A +, 1B PA, 1D, 3, 7-) -Antidepressant of choice in pregnancy: -Min sexual s/e: -Min wt gain, sedation, Seizures in bulimic, Anti-smoking: -Priapism: -TCA toxicity DOC: Hemodialysis: -Approved for Postpartum depression: -Drugs with anti-suicide ability: Click Here -Lecanemab: Psychiatric emergencies Altered mental status Typical antipsychotics Tyramine-rich AKI, ACE inhibitors, Respiratory depression, Autonomic instability Altered mental status foods, MAO thiazide diuretics, NSAIDs) hyperpyrexia, prolonged QT Clonus, Hyperreflexia Fever inhibitors Nausea, vomiting, slurred convulsions, coma, Muscle rigidity speech, hyperreflexia, cardiotoxicity MAO, SSRI, SNRI, Raised CK seizures, ataxia, Buspiron, Tramadol, nephrogenic diabetes Ondansetron, Triptans, insipidus Linezolid, MDMA, St. John’s wort Click Here  Levels: ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL: Prophylaxis- Earliest: Acute Mania- Alcolohic hallucinosis: Toxicity- Delirium tremens: Dialysis- TOC: T1/2: BZD safe in liver failure: Measurement: Anti-craving: HEROIN Levels of consciousness: Toxicity: Alert DOC: Lethargy=Somnolence Withdrawal: Obtundation Stupor= Semi-coma Coma Click Here Click Here DERMA PPD Nickel (mc) Neomycin Potassium dichromate PTBP Mono-benzyl ether of Hydroquinone (MBEH) Tiger tail hair PIBIDS (photosensitivity, ichthyosis, brittle hair, intellectual impairment, decreased fertility and short stature) Click Here RADIOLOGY Alcoholic-fall H/o RTA H/o RTA Sudden right hemiplegia H/o RTA, GCS-9 H/o trauma + difficulty breathing FMT Glaister-keene rods: Posterolateral (4-7) hymenal tear: Medicolegal autopsy, accused examination, emergency: Charring Blisters+ Ulcers+ Res ipsa loquitor: Singeing Splashing+ Distinct Doctrine of common knowledge: Blackening Line of redness+ colouration + Medical maloccurence: Police inquest: Minimum rank Sub-inspector-Sexual offences Res Judicata: Head constable-Others Heat stroke: Custodial death/ rape/ disappearance: Dowry death: Abrasion, Contusion, Laceration: Exhumation: Haase, Morrison rule- Ashley rule- Sexual Assault case: Duties of doctor 1) Inform police Durhan (Product test), Curren, Brawner- 2) Consent for examination-Age: Leading questions- 3) Psychological counselling 4) Written refusal Superfetation VS Superfecundation: 5) Provide diagnosis and treatment Time limit: Barberio test- Vaginal swab- Paradoxical undressing- Semen sample- Features Hanging Strangulation Change Disease Direction Oblique Transverse Complete loss Burns, Celiac disease Continuity Non- continuous Continuous Permanent impairment RT, Electrical injury, Leprosy, Level in the neck Above thyroid At or below thyroid Change in distance Acromegaly, Rickets Base Pale, hard, Soft and reddish Ridge alteration Scleroderma, Eczema, parchment-like Acanthosis nigricans Hyoid fracture Abduction # Adduction # PM caloricity: PELVIS SKULL Putrefaction Heat stroke All large and wide in All large and wide in males except: delay: Pontine females except: hemorrhage -F/P eminence Strychnine, O -Nasal aperture metallic poison, Sepsis S A -Female forehead, orbit, chin round Carbolic acid NOT BURNS Indian red scorpion – Tactile Hallucination CEA Garlic Odour: Mesobuthus Canthardin Autonomic storm Priapism DOC- CARRY NO RIGHT Specific antidote: Polyvalent ASV: effective against Cobra, No torniquet/incision/cautery/sucking/coffee/alcohol Krait, Russel’s viper & Saw scaled viper Given within 4 hrs R-Reassure I-Immobilize G-Go to H-Hospital T-Tell symptoms Neostigmine + Atropine: ANTIDOTES: PCM CHELATORS: Methanol BAL- Ethylene glycol DMSA/Succimer- D-penicillamine- EDTA- BZD Desferioxamine- Prussian blue- TCA B blocker Forced alkaline diuresis Forced acidic diuresis Cyanide Meth Hb Opioid Heparin Dabigatran Xa inhibitors Hemodialysis: Organophosphate Barbiturate Carbamate Lithium Datura Alcohol Saliylates Theophylline ORTHOPEDICS COMPLICATIONS OF FRACTURES Dyspnea, Confusion, Petechiae: Hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, decreased UO post limb trauma: Wrist flexion leading to spontaneous extension of fingers: Fasciotomy indication: Last sign: Pain and burning of hand with patchy osteoporosis: H/o Massage: Stoss therapy: Supracondylar fracture displacement: Gunstock deformity: Fish-tail: Dinner-fork: FOOSH in: Order of correction: Garden-spade: FOOSH in:  Phemister’s triad: BONE FORMATION: Periarticular osteopenia ALP Erosions FADIR: Osteocalcin Reduced joint space TB hip arthritis Osteonectin O’Donogue triad: Posterior dislocation MCL BONE RESORPTION: ACL FABER: Hydroxyproline Medial meniscus Synovitis Hydroxylysine Terrible triad of elbow: Septic arthritis Deoxypridinoline Elbow dislocation Iliotibial band contracture TRAP Radial head # Anterior dislocation Telopeptide Coronoid #  Kites method – Followed Ponseti method earlier now preferred At birth Manipulation by mother Manipulation and initial weeks cast Change of cast Every 2 weeks Weekly Correction order C-A-V-E C-AV-E Fulcrum while Calcaneocuboid joint Head of talus manipulating Duration of 6 - 9 months 6 - 8 weeks treatment ANESTHESIA IV anesthetic agents: DOC for day care/ liver/ kidney/ neuroSx/TIVA/malignant hyperthermia, porphyria Dissociative anesthesia, DOC in asthma, Cyanotic HD, Shock CI in hypertension / epilepsy/ glaucoma DOC in cardiac surgery, S/E Adrenal suppressant DOC in hyperthyroidism, seizures LA: Causing Hypertension: Most cardiotoxic: Max dose of lignocaine: DOC for LAST: MethHb: MR Depolarising, Hyperkalemia, RSI- Most cardiostable- Hoffman elimination(safe in RF/LF)- Byproduct- Reversal- Sugammadex- MAC 0.2 MAC 0.75 MAC 104 Blood/gas partition coefficient Min: Max: Concentration effect, second gas effect, diffusion hypoxia MC circuit in spontaneous: MC circuit in controlled: Rate of breathing in CPR Adults: Children: Neonates: Epinephrine in ACLS: O2 DELIVERY DEVICES OPTHAL  It has 14 lines of 5 Sloan letter optotypes in each line in logarithmic Angle subtended by progression. The lines topmost letter when are of equal difficulty, viewed from 6m: and there is a geometric progression (LogMar) in letter size. Penetrating trauma-Ciliary body Photocoagulation Granulomatous panuveitis Double freq Nd-Yag (523nm) Argon laser Photoablation Argon fluoride Excimer (193nm) Photodisruption Nd-Yag (1064nm) Femtosec laser (1053nm) Anti-Glaucoma Drugs Decrease Aqueous Increase Trabecular Increase Uveoscleral Production Outflow Outflow Ocular Beta Blockers Cholinomimetic Drugs PGF2∝ Analogues 1. Timolol Pilocarpine 1. Lantanoprost 2. Betaxolol 2. Bimatoprost 3. Levobunolol 4. Carteolol Nonselective Alpha Agonist Rho kinase inhibitor Dipivefrine Netrasudil Alpha-2 Agonist 1. Apraclonidine 2. Brimonidine Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors 1. Acetazolamide 2. Brinzolamide 3. Dorzolamide ENT Hitzelberger sign: Syncope: Indications of Simple Cortical Mastoidectomy (Schwartz Operation) SCM: CANAL WALL UP Digastric: Acute coalescent or masked Meatal: mastoiditis MC: Acute otitis media with reservoir sign As a initial step to perform: Endolymphatic sac surgery, Decompression of facial nerve Indications of Radical Mastoidectomy=CANAL WALL DOWN Residual cholesteatoma Glomus tumour Carcinoma middle ear Rinne’s Test: Positive AC ˃BC Negative BC ˃ AC False Negative Weber Lateralized Same- C/L- STAPEDIAL REFLEX: Afferent: Efferent: ECOG SP/AP