Logic and AI Quiz PDF

1. What is the purpose of converting formulas into clausal form? A) To simplify the formulas B) To prepare for resolution proofs C) To eliminate all variables D) To find contradictions Correct Answer: B) To prepare for resolution proofs 2. What is the result of applying neg...

1. What is the purpose of converting formulas into clausal form? A) To simplify the formulas B) To prepare for resolution proofs C) To eliminate all variables D) To find contradictions Correct Answer: B) To prepare for resolution proofs 2. What is the result of applying negation to the conclusion statements in resolution? A) It proves the statement B) It creates a contradiction C) It simplifies the statement D) It eliminates the statement Correct Answer: B) It creates a contradiction 3. Which of the following is a step in finding the clausal form of formulas? A) Eliminate all variables B) Move negation inward C) Add existential quantifiers D) Remove all constants Correct Answer: B) Move negation inward 4. What is a clause in the context of resolution? A) A conjunction of literals B) A disjunction of literals C) A single atomic sentence D) A universal quantifier Correct Answer: B) A disjunction of literals 5. What is the purpose of drawing a resolution graph? A) To visualize the proof process B) To eliminate variables C) To convert statements into CNF D) To find contradictions Correct Answer: A) To visualize the proof process 6. What does P(A|B) represent in the context of the Naïve Bayes Classifier? A) Prior Probability B) Marginal Probability C) Posterior Probability D) Likelihood Probability Correct Answer: C) Posterior Probability 7. What is the significance of Herbrand's theorem in automated reasoning? A) It provides a method to check the satisfiability of first-order logic sentences. B) It simplifies the resolution of first-order logic sentences. C) It introduces the concept of Skolem functions. D) It eliminates the need for Skolemization. Correct Answer: A) It provides a method to check the satisfiability of first-order logic sentences. 8. In the Naïve Bayes Classifier, what is the first step to solve a problem? A) Generate Likelihood table B) Convert the dataset into frequency tables C) Use Bayes theorem D) Calculate Marginal Probability Correct Answer: B) Convert the dataset into frequency tables 9. In the context of the Naïve Bayes Classifier, what does the term "Likelihood" refer to? A) Probability of the evidence given that the hypothesis is true B) Probability of the hypothesis before observing the evidence C) Probability of the evidence D) Probability of the hypothesis after observing the evidence Correct Answer: A) Probability of the evidence given that the hypothesis is true 10. What is the marginal probability of "Sunny" in the weather dataset? A) 0.35 B) 0.29 C) 0.71 D) 0.5 Correct Answer: A) 0.35 11. Which of the following is NOT an axiom of equality? A) Reflexivity B) Symmetry C) Transitivity D) Commutativity Correct Answer: D) Commutativity 12. Which technique in first-order logic is used to ensure that a model exists for a given set of sentences? Options: 1. Unification 2. Skolemization 3. Herbrand's Theorem 4. Compactness Theorem Answer: 4) Compactness Theorem