Med Term L1-Principal Medical Root Word PDF

Medical Terminology Lecture#1 PRINCIPAL MEDICAL ROOT WORD Presented by: Dr. Mark Jayson Gutierrez, RRT Introduction: Medical Terminology Anatomic and physiological language is the foundation of medical terminology. Terminologi...

Medical Terminology Lecture#1 PRINCIPAL MEDICAL ROOT WORD Presented by: Dr. Mark Jayson Gutierrez, RRT Introduction: Medical Terminology Anatomic and physiological language is the foundation of medical terminology. Terminologia Anatomica provides standardized terms for all body parts. http://www.thieme.com/books- main/anatomy/product/1634-terminologia-anatomica Medical Terminology: EPONYMS Medical terms derived from a person’s name. A body part, diseases, syndromes, Antrum of tests, and procedures are often Highmore named after their discoverer, the person who first described it, or a scientist who perfected or invented a particular test or procedure. http://www.sinussurgeryprocedure.com/wha t-are-the-sinuses/ Medical Terminology: WORD ETYMOLOGY Study of the origin of words or word parts and their evolution to their current form and meaning. Greek and Latin origins WORD PARTS – It is the general phrase used to identify prefixes, suffixes and combining forms. Medical Terminology: The FOUR types of WORD PARTS http://www.yourdictionary.com/stomach 1. WORD ROOT ▪ Contains the basic meaning of the term ▪ It is usually, but not always, indicates the involved body part ▪ Example: Stomach Medical Terminology: The FOUR types of WORD PARTS 2. COMBINING FORM ▪ It is a word root with a combining vowel added at the end ▪ Example: Stomach ▪ This form is used when a suffix beginning with a consonant is added. Medical Terminology: The FOUR types of WORD PARTS 3. SUFFIX ▪ It is usually, but not always, indicates the procedure, condition, disorder, or disease. ▪ Always comes at the end of the word. ▪ Example: Inflammation Antral atrophic gastritis http://www.gastrosource2.com/stomach/gastritis/at roph_antr_gastrit_2.htm Medical Terminology: The FOUR types of WORD PARTS 4. PREFIX ▪ It is usually, but not always, indicates location, time, number, or status. ▪ A prefix always comes at the beginning of a word ▪ Example: Increased or excessive Medical Terminology: Word Part Guidelines A word root cannot stand alone. A suffix must always be added at 1. the end of the word to complete the term. The rules for creating a combining form by adding a vowel apply 2. when a suffix beginning with a consonant is added to a word root. When a prefix is added, it is always placed at the beginning of the 3. word. Word Roots and Combining Forms Indicating Color ROOT COMBINING MEANING EXAMPLE WORD FORM Cyan Cyanosis (sigh-ah-NOH-sis) It is the blue discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/350577152219234703/ Word Roots and Combining Forms Indicating Color ROOT COMBINING MEANING EXAMPLE WORD FORM Erythr Erythrocyte (eh-RITH-roh-sight) A mature red blood cell https://insituscience.wordpress.com/2015/05/01/just- my-type/ Word Roots and Combining Forms Indicating Color ROOT COMBINING MEANING EXAMPLE WORD FORM Leuk Leukocyte (LOO-koh-sight) A white blood cell http://www.allposters.com/-sp/T-Lymphocyte-White- Blood-Cells-or-Leukocytes-Posters_i6016337_.htm Word Roots and Combining Forms Indicating Color ROOT COMBINING MEANING EXAMPLE WORD FORM Melan Melanosis (mel-ah-NOH-sis) Any condition of unusual deposits of black pigment in body tissues or organs http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforu Melanosis oculi m/atlas/pages/melanosis-oculi-OS.html Word Roots and Combining Forms Indicating Color ROOT COMBINING MEANING EXAMPLE WORD FORM Poli Poliomyelitis (poh-lee-oh-my-eh-LYE-tis) is a viral infection of the gray matter of the spinal cord http://www.appstate.edu/~ka66064/polyomyelitis.html Specific Guidelines: http://www.thechildren.com/health-info/conditions-and- Combining Forms Vowels illnesses/keeping-stomach-flu-healthy-distance When two word roots are joined, a combining vowel is always added to the first word root. A combining vowel is used with the second word root only if the suffix begins with a consonant. EXAMPLE: GASTROENTERITIS Gastroenteritis (gas-troh-en-ter-EYE-tis) is an inflammation of the stomach and small intestine. Specific Guidelines: Identification of Median Nerve Branches and the Recipient Anterior Interosseous Nerve. Suffixes A combining vowel is used when the suffix begins with a consonant. Examples: – Neuroplasty – Neurorrhaphy https://nervesurgery.wustl.edu/so/NerveTransfers/Hand/ECRBtoAINNT/Pages/default.aspx Specific Guidelines: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonsillitis Suffixes A combining vowel is not used when the suffix begins with a vowel. Examples: – Tonsillitis – Tonsillectomy Specific Guidelines: Suffixes as Noun Endings A noun is a word that is the name of a person, place, or thing. Some suffixes change the word root into a noun. Example: CRANIUM -a -um -y -e -us Specific Guidelines: Suffixes Meaning “Pertaining To” An adjective is a word that defines -ac -eal -ior or describes a thing. -al -ical -ory Many suffixes meaning “pertaining to” are used to change the meaning -an -ial -ous of the word root into an adjective. -ar -ic -tic Example: CARDIAC -ary -ine Specific Guidelines: Suffixes Meaning “Abnormal Condition” Many suffixes, such as -osis, mean “abnormal condition or disease.” Example: GASTROSIS -ago -iasis -osis -esis -ion -ory -ia -ism -ous Adenocarcinoma of Stomach http://howmed.net/pathology/classification-of- tumors-of-stomach/ Specific Guidelines: Suffixes Related to Pathology ▪ -algia means pain and suffering – Gastralgia (gas-TRAL-jee-ah) ▪ -dynia also means pain – Gastrodynia (gas-troh-DINee-ah) ▪ -itis means inflammation – Gastritis (gas-TRY-tis) ▪ -megaly means enlargement – Hepatomegaly (hep-ah-toh-MEG-ah-lee) Specific Guidelines: Suffixes Related to Pathology ▪ -malacia means abnormal softening – Arteriomalacia (ar-tee-ree-oh-mah-LAY-shee-ah) ▪ -necrosis means tissue death – Arterionecrosis (ar-teeree-oh-neh-KROH-sis) ▪ -sclerosis means abnormal hardening – Arteriosclerosis (ar-tee-ree-oh-skleh-ROH-sis) ▪ -stenosis means abnormal narrowing – Arteriostenosis (ar-tee-ree-oh-steh-NOH-sis) Specific Guidelines: Suffixes Related to Procedures ▪ -centesis is a surgical puncture to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes or to remove excess fluid ▪ Abdominocentesis (ab-dom-ih-noh-sen-TEE-sis) ▪ -graphy means the process of producing a picture or record ▪ Angiography (an-jee-OG-rah-fee) ▪ -gram means a picture or record ▪ Angiogram (AN-jee-oh-gram) ▪ -plasty means surgical repair ▪ Myoplasty (MY-ohplas-tee) ▪ -scopy means visual examination ▪ Arthroscopy (ar-THROS-koh-pee) Specific Guidelines: The “Double R” Suffixes ▪ -rrhage and -rrhagia mean bleeding ▪ hemorrhage (HEM-or-idj) ▪ -rrhaphy means surgical suturing to close a wound and includes the use of sutures, staples, or surgical glue ▪ Myorrhaphy (my-OR-ah-fee) ▪ -rrhea means flow or discharge and refers to the flow of most body fluids ▪ Diarrhea (dye-ah-REE-ah) ▪ -rrhexis means rupture ▪ Myorrhexis (my-oh-RECKsis)  PREFIXES The term natal (NAY-tal) means pertaining to birth Jozsef Szasz-Fabian/www.Shutterstock.com iStockphoto/Chris Downie Perinatal (pehr-ih-NAY-tal) refers to © Delmar, Cengage Learning (2013) the time and events surrounding Postnatal (pohst-NAY-tal) refers Prenatal (pre-NAY-tal) birth to the time and events after birth means the time and events before birth Prefixes Describing Direction, Quantity, Size, and Amount Contrasting Prefixes End of lecture Please study. Quiz next meeting. Good luck! ☺