Philippine Mechanical Engineering Code PDF

PHILIPPINE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CODE BalenCEaga MEMBERS: ALFUERTO, SHAN DAPHNE F. CALIMOSO, XYRA MARIE B. HORTALEZA, CAMILLE P. RAMIREZ, ICON LORAINE T. SANTILLAN, JOSEFINA BARBARA M.  Chapter 1 Admini...

PHILIPPINE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CODE BalenCEaga MEMBERS: ALFUERTO, SHAN DAPHNE F. CALIMOSO, XYRA MARIE B. HORTALEZA, CAMILLE P. RAMIREZ, ICON LORAINE T. SANTILLAN, JOSEFINA BARBARA M.  Chapter 1 Administration Purpose- To establish minimum requirements of protection to public safety and health thru mechanical engineering, indoor air quality thru adequate air conditioning and ventilation; carbon dioxide mitigation thru energy conservation and renewable energy; to preserve life and protect property from damage and other hazards attributed fire and smoke; and provide safety to firefighters and emergency responders during emergency operation. - R.A 8495 or known as the Mechanical Engineering Act of 1998. Coverage General- This code shall apply to the addition, installation, alteration, repair, relocation, replacement, use, or maintenance of any heating, ventilating, cooling, refrigeration systems; incinerators; or other miscellaneous heat producing appliances and other mechanical equipment and systems within the jurisdiction of R.A 8495 or known as the Mechanical Engineering Act of 1998. Conflicts- In case of conflicts with different sections, reference standards, materials standards and construction methodology the most stringent shall prevail as determined by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Any conflict between a general requirement and a specific requirement, the specific requirement shall prevail. Design and Testing- The design and testing of equipment regulated by this Code shall be subject to the approval of the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Permits and Inspections Permits Required No mechanical system regulated by this code shall be installed, altered, repaired, replaced, or remodeled unless a separate mechanical permit for each separate building or structure has first been obtained Applicants for permits shall have been licensed as contractor by the Philippine Contractors Accreditation Board (PCAB) of the Construction Industry Authority of the Philippines (CIAP) and shall have duly complied with the requirements Republic Act (R.A) 4566 or known as the Contractors License Law Exempt Work - a mechanical permit shall not require the following: - A portable heating appliance, portable ventilating equipment, a portable cooling unit, or a portable evaporative cooler. - Any closed mechanical system within heating or cooling equipment that is regulated by this code. - Any component part or assembly of mechanical equipment that is replaced and does not alter its original approval and complies with other applicable requirements of this code. - Any refrigerating equipment that is part of the mechanical equipment for which a permit has been issued pursuant to the requirements of this code. Application for Permit The applicant shall file an application in writing on a form furnished by the code enforcement agency for that purpose. Every application shall: Identify and describe the work to be covered by the permit. Indicate the location where the proposed work is to be done thru legal description of street address Indicate the use or occupancy of the proposed work to be done. Submit plans, diagrams, computations, and specifications and other data Signed by the applicant or an authorized agent of the applicant. Provide such other data and information as may be required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Plans and Specifications Plans, engineering calculations, diagrams, and other data shall be submitted in one (1) or more sets with each application. All plans, computations, and specifications shall be prepared, designed and signed by a professional mechanical engineer licensed by the Professional Regulation Commission to practice. Information on Plans and Specifications Plans and specifications shall be drawn to scale and shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature, and extent of the work proposed and show in detail that it will conform to the provisions of this code and relevant laws, ordinances, rules, and regulations. Permit Issuance Issuance When issuing a permit where plans are required, the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall endorse in writing, or stamp the plans and specifications “APPROVED”, Such approved plans and specifications shall not be changed, modified, or altered without approval from the Authority Having Jurisdiction. All work regulated by this code shall be done in accordance with the approved plans. Permit Conditions Retention of Plans One (1) set of copy of approved plans, specifications and computations shall be retained by the Authority Having Jurisdiction until the final approval of the work and occupancy permit issued. Two (2) sets of copy of approved plans and specifications shall be returned to the applicant and shall be kept on the work authorized site at all times. Validity of Permit Approved permit or plans, specifications, and computations shall not be understood to be a permit for, or an approval of, any violation of the provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction. Any approved permit giving authority to violate or cancel the provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the jurisdiction shall not be valid and is considered as not approved. Expiration Every permit issued shall become null and void if the work authorized by such permit is not commenced withing one hundred eighty (180) days from the date of such permit, or if the work authorized by such permit is suspended or abandoned at any time after the work is commenced for a period of one hundred eighty (180) days. No permit shall be extended more than once after expiration, the permit applicant shall pay a new full permit fee. Extension For good and satisfactory reason, a permittee with an unexpired permit shall be allowed to apply for an extension before expired date. Upon written request showing the circumstances are beyond control to execute the permit the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall extend the permit for a period not exceeding one hundred eighty (180). Fees General Fees shall be assessed accordance with the provisions of the National Building Code. Plan Review Fees A plan review fee shall be paid when submitting the plans and specifications for review in accordance with the requirements of Section 112.2. The fees for plan review of mechanical work shall be determined and adopted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. The plan review fees in this subsection are separate fees from the permit fees specified in Section 115.1 and are in addition to the permit fees. Plans and specifications that are incomplete or revised, an additional plan review fee shall be charged at the rate adopted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Work without Permit a. Investigation - Any mechanical work where a permit is required by this code has been executed without first obtaining a permit; an investigation shall be made before a permit shall be issued for such work. b. Fees - Any permit application as a result of section 115.1 an investigation fee, in addition to the permit fee, shall be collected whether or not a permit is issued. The investigation fee shall be equal to the amount of the permit fee that would be required by this code if a permit were to  be issued. The investigation fee shall not exempt any person or entity from compliance with other provisions of this code or from any penalty prescribed by law. Fee Refunds The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall not refund any fee paid except that has been erroneously paid or collected. Inspections - All mechanical systems which a permit is required shall remain accessible and exposed for inspection until approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. - The Permit applicant shall be responsible to for making the mechanical systems accessible and exposed for inspection purposes. The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall not be liable to any expense as a result of the removal or replacement of any material required for permit inspection. Chapter 2: Definition of Terms Absorption Unit: Pre-assembled refrigeration system. Accessible: Reachable, potentially requiring removal of an obstruction. Accessible, Readily: Easily reached for operation, repair, or inspection. Air Conditioning: Treated air for desired temperature, humidity, or cleanliness. Air, Exhaust: Air removed from a space and expelled outdoors. Air handling Unit: Blower or fan distributing supply air to a room or area. Air moving System: System using air handling units for heating, cooling, or ventilation. Air, Outside: Fresh air intentionally conveyed to rooms or conditioning equipment. Air, Return: Air from a conditioned area returned for reconditioning. Air, Supply: Air conveyed to a conditioned area through ducts from a heating/cooling system. Appliance: Device using fuel or energy for light, heat, power, refrigeration, or air conditioning. Approved: Acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). Approved Testing Agency: Organization testing to approved standards and approved by the AHJ. Assembly Building: Building used for gatherings of 50+ people. Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ): Organization enforcing code or approving equipment/installations. Boiler, High Pressure: Boilers exceeding 15 psi steam or 250°F/160 psi hot water. Boiler Room: Room containing a steam or hot water boiler. Bonding Jumper: Conductor ensuring electrical connection between required metal parts. Breathing Zone: Area within an occupied space between 3 planes, 72" above the floor, and 2' from walls/equipment. Breathing Zone Outdoor Airflow (Vbz): Outdoor airflow rate required in the breathing zone. Breeching: Metal connector for medium and high heat appliances. BTU/h: Maximum appliance/absorption unit/burner capacity in British thermal units input per hour. Building Code: National Building Code of the Philippines adopted by the jurisdiction. Condensing Unit: Mechanical refrigeration system with compressors, condensers, and accessories, factory assembled and tested before installation. Conditioned Space: Normally occupied area heated or cooled for human habitation. Confined Space: Room or space with a volume less than 50 cubic feet per 1,000 Btu/h of the aggregate input rating of all fuel burning appliances installed in that space. Cooling: Air cooling to provide a room or space temperature of 68°F or above. Cooling System: Equipment for cooling air by mechanical means and discharging it into a room or space. Design Flood Elevation: Elevation of the design flood, including wave height, relative to the datum specified on the community's flood hazard map. Direct Gas-Fired Makeup Air Heater: Heater where all combustion products are released to the outside without dismantling or duct connection. Positive Displacement Compressor: Compressor increases pressure by changing the internal volume of the compression chamber. Power Boiler Plant: One or more power steam boilers or power hot water boilers with connecting piping and vessels within the same premises. PP: Polypropylene. Residential Building: Building or portion designed or used for human habitation. Riser Heat Pipe: Duct extending at an angle of more than 45 degrees from the horizontal. Room Heater: Freestanding, non-recessed environmental heating appliance installed in the space being heated and not connected to ducts. Room Heater, Unvented: Unvented, self-contained, freestanding, non-recessed, fuel gas burning appliance for furnishing warm air without duct connection. Room Large in Comparison with Size of Equipment: Room with a volume at least 12 times the total volume of a furnace or air-conditioning appliance and at least 16 times the total volume of a boiler. Smoke Detector: Approved device sensing visible or invisible combustion particles. Standard: Document with mandatory provisions using "shall" and suitable for adoption into law. Stationary Fuel Cell Power Plant: Self-contained package generating electricity and recoverable energy. Strength, Ultimate: Highest stress level a component can tolerate without rupture. System Outdoor Airflow (Vof): Outdoor airflow rate required at the ventilation system outdoor air intake. Trained: Person proficient in performing a skill reliably and safely through instruction and practice. Wall Heater: See Vented Wall Furnace. Warm Air Furnace: Environmental heating appliance discharging heated air through ducts. Water Heater or Hot Water Heating Boiler: Appliance designed to supply hot water. Zoetrope: Refrigerant blend with multiple components not changing volumetric composition or saturation temperature during evaporation or condensation. Chapter 3:General Requirements Scope: This chapter covers general requirements for heat-producing and energy-utilizing equipment, including HVAC, refrigeration, and similar equipment. Compliance: Equipment must conform to the code, not be installed or altered in violation, and fuel input rates cannot exceed approved ratings. Defective Materials: Defective parts must be replaced without invalidating approvals. Approval: Equipment must comply with internationally and nationally recognized standards. Approval Listing and Labeling: Evidence of compliance is provided by listing and labeling from an approved agency. Oil Burning Appliances: Oil burning equipment must comply with NFPA 31. Installation Listed Appliances: Installation of listed equipment must follow listing conditions. Room Size: Central heating boilers must be installed in a room 16 times their volume, unless listed or authorized for closet/alcove installation. Unlisted Appliances: Unlisted equipment must follow standard clearances from combustible construction, which can be reduced with protection methods. Anchorage: Fixed equipment must be securely fastened. Equipment Movement: Equipment with casters must have restraining devices. Identification: Cooling, ventilating, or refrigerating systems on roofs must be identified. LPG Facilities: LPG tanks, containers, and equipment must comply with NFPA 58. Equipment on Roofs: Enclosures, support, corrosion resistance, drainage, guards, and electrical power are required. Automatic Control Devices 1. Automatic Controls: Heating equipment must have automatic shutoff devices for pilot ignition failure. 2. LPG Appliances: LPG appliances must have automatic shutoff devices for pilot ignition failure. 3. Remote Controls: Heating appliances with inaccessible manual controls must have remote controls. 4. Electric Duct Heaters: Electric duct heaters must have temperature limit controls. Service and Access Accessibility: Equipment must be accessible for inspection, service, and repair. Clearance: Sufficient clearance must be maintained for cleaning, replacement, and adjustment. Access to Roof Equipment: Buildings must have inside access to roof-mounted equipment. Permanent Lighting: Permanent lighting is required at roof access points. Labeling Fuel Burning Appliances: Fuel burning equipment must have a label with manufacturer's name, fuel input rating, model, serial number, lighting instructions, fuel type, approval symbol, and clearances.  Electric Heating Appliances: Electric heating appliances must have a label with name, catalog number, electrical rating, output rating, component ratings, approval symbol, and clearances. Heat Pump and Electric Cooling Appliances: Heat pumps and electric cooling appliances must have a label with name, model, refrigerant, test pressures, electrical rating, output rating, component ratings, approval symbol, and clearances. Location Protection Against Damage: Equipment in parking garages or warehouses must be guarded against damage. Protection Against Flood Damage: Equipment in flood hazard areas must be elevated or installed to resist flood damage. High Velocity Wave Action: Equipment in high velocity wave action areas must be installed to resist flood loads. Electrical Connections Electrical Connections: Equipment requiring over 50 volts must have a disconnect switch and a 230V receptacle. Low Voltage Wiring: Low voltage wiring must be installed to prevent damage. Condensate Wastes and Control Condensate Disposal: Condensate from air washers, coils, and fuel burning appliances must be collected and discharged properly. Condensate Control: Cooling coils in above-ceiling spaces must have additional pans to catch overflow. Condensate Waste Sizing: Condensate waste pipes must be sized according to equipment capacity. Plastic Fittings: PVC fittings must be used with plastic male fittings and threads. Cooling Air Systems Source: Cooling air systems must have return air, outside air, or both. Air Filters: Air filters must be installed in heating, cooling, or makeup air systems. Prohibited Source: Outside or return air cannot be taken from certain locations, such as near appliance vent outlets or public ways. Return Air Limitations: Return air from one space unit cannot discharge into another. Outside Air Inlet Protection: Outside air inlets must be covered with a screen. Joints and Connections 1. Types of Joints: Joints can be threaded, wiped, soldered, flared, flexible compression, or solvent cemented. 2. Threaded Joints: Threads must be standard taper pipe threads or approved types. 3. Wiped Joints: Wiped joints must have an exposed surface of at least 3/4 inch. 4. Soldered Joints: Soldered joints must be cleaned, fluxed, and made with approved solder. 5. Flared Joints: Flared joints must be made with approved fittings and tools. Minimum Standard Minimum Standard: All water distribution and drainage piping systems must be located above the design flood elevation, unless they are designed and installed to resist flood damage.  High-Velocity Wave Action: Plumbing systems in high velocity wave action areas must meet specific requirements. Alternative Engineered Design: Alternative designs must comply with the code's intent and be submitted for approval. Iron Pipe Size (IPS Iron Pipe Size (IPS): Iron, steel, brass, and copper pipe must be standard weight IPS pipe Disposal of Liquid Waste Disposal of Liquid Waste: Liquid wastes must be disposed of through an approved drainage system. Connections to Plumbing System: All plumbing fixtures, drains, appurtenances, and appliances must be connected to the drainage system. Sewers Required: Buildings must have a connection to a public or private sewer. Damage to Drainage System: Depositing harmful substances into the drainage system is prohibited. Protection of Piping, Materials, and Structures Trenches: Trenches must be at least 45 degrees from the footing of buildings. Piping Location: Piping cannot be installed under or within 2 feet of buildings or less than 1 foot below the surface. Protection: Piping subject to corrosion, erosion, or mechanical damage must be protected. Exterior Piping: Piping cannot be installed outside of a building or in an exterior wall unless protected. Fire-Resistance-Rated Walls: Piping penetrations through fire-resistance-rated walls must be protected. Joints and Connections Threaded Joints: Threads on IPS pipe and fittings must be standard taper pipe threads. Soldered Joints: Soldered joints must be cleaned, fluxed, and made with approved solder. Flared Joints: Flared joints must be made with approved fittings and tools. Flexible Compression Factory-Fabricated Joints: Flexible compression joints must conform to approved standards. Solvent Cement Plastic Pipe Joints: Plastic pipe and fittings must be joined with solvent cement. Food-Handling Establishments: Food or drink shall not be stored, prepared, or displayed beneath soil or drain pipes unless protected against leakage or condensation. Food-Handling Establishments Protection Measures: Openings through floors must be sealed, floor and shower drains must have seepage pans, soil or drain pipes must be of approved material, pipes must be insulated, and ceilings must be removable or have access panels. Medical Gas and Vacuum Systems Medical gas and vacuum systems must be installed, tested, and verified in compliance with applicable standards and requirements. Installers and verifiers must be competent. Chapter 4: Ventilation Air Supply and Exhaust and Chapter 5: Exhaust System 4 Basic types of mechanical ventilation systems: a. Exhaust System - This system causes a change in pressure that pulls in make-up from the outside through leaks in the building and intentional, passive vents. b. Supply System - This system allows better control of the air that enters the house compared to exhaust ventilation systems. c. Balanced System - This system uses two fans (exhaust and supply) and creates a neutral, or balanced pressure. d. Plenum System - It can facilitate air circulation for heating and air conditioning systems, by providing pathways for either heated/conditioned or return airflows. Types of fans used for ventilation systems: a. Propeller fans - A fan that is suitable for situations where no great resistance to airflow has to be overcome. b. Centrifugal fans - It consists of an impeller with blades having high-particulate airstreams for low to medium airflow rates at high-pressure conditions. c. Axial Flow fans - A type of fan that causes gas to flow through it in an axial direction, parallel to the shaft about which the blades rotate. Chapter 6: Duct System Types of Air Outlets: a. Grill outlet - These outlets have adjustable bar grills which are the most common types with vertical and horizontal vanes. b. Slot diffuser - It is an elongated outlet with an aspect ratio 25:1 and maximum height of 7.5 cm. They are used inside walls but at higher heights of the floor. c. Ceiling outlet - They are mounted in the ceiling. d. Perforated ceiling - In this case, confined space above the ceiling is used as a supply plenum. CHAPTER 9: SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEM 904.2 Shaft Protection Type Smoke-Control. The smoke-control system must utilize the shaft protection type, specifically for stair tower pressurization, as outlined in the Fire Code of the Philippines 2008 and NFPA 92A. This approach does not extend to elevator hoistway systems due to their drawbacks 904.2.1 Stairtower With Smokeproof This method applies to stair towers that are neither fully enclosed nor pressurized, requiring a smokeproof vestibule achieved via natural or mechanical ventilation. 904.2.2 Stairtower Pressurization. This method applies to enclosed and pressurized stair towers, which must be equipped with a mechanical ventilation smoke control system, as per the Fire Code of the Philippines 2008. 905.0 Smoke-Control System Integrity. The smoke-control system must be designed, installed, and maintained to remain effective for extended periods during evacuations. Key considerations include: (a) Reliability of the power source (b) Arrangement of the power distribution (c) Method of protection of controls and system monitoring (d) Equipment specifications and construction methods (e) Type of building occupancy In compliance with the Fire Code of the Philippines 2008 and NFPA 101 the pressure difference across the doors shall not exceed the values given. 906.0 Stairtower Pressurization Systems. 906.2 Noncompensated and Compensated Systems. (a) Noncompensated. This system is not recommended until further evaluation is completed. It operates by injecting supply air into the stair tower using a single-speed fan, resulting in varying pressure differences depending on whether doors are closed or open. (b) Compensated. These systems comply with the Fire Code of the Philippines and are designed to adapt to different door configurations while maintaining positive pressure differences across openings. They can adjust for changing conditions by modulating supply airflows or relieving excess pressure. (1) Modulating Supply Airflow. The supply fan must be sized to maintain minimum air velocity with the design number of doors open. Airflow is adjusted using bypass dampers controlled by pressure sensors, which sense the pressure difference between the stair tower and the building. (2) Overpressure Relief. This method manages pressure buildup in the stair tower as doors open. The amount of relieved air adjusts with the number of open doors to maintain constant pressure. Overpressure relief may be accomplished by one of four methods: Barometric Dampers: These simple, cost-effective dampers open when maximum interior pressure is reached. However, their placement is critical to avoid rapid operation that can disrupt pressure requirements, and they may experience chattering during use. Motor-Operated Dampers: Controlled by differential pressure controls within the stair tower, these dampers provide more precise pressure control than barometric dampers but are more complex and expensive. Venting to Outside: An exterior door at ground level can serve as a vent. It should remain closed and locked under normal conditions, but care must be taken to ensure that the lock does not interfere with automatic operations. Exhaust Fan: An exhaust fan can help manage pressure when all stair tower doors are closed. It should be controlled by a differential pressure sensor to prevent smoke intrusion during reduced pressurization. 907.0 - Supply Air Fans 907.1 Propeller Fans: These fans, equipped with windshields, are designated for use in stair tower pressurization for buildings up to seven stories (80 feet or 25 meters) high. They are not suitable for ducted systems. 907.2 Other Types of Fans: Centrifugal or in-line axial fans are recommended for ducted single or multiple injection stair tower pressurization systems. 908.0 - Single and Multiple Injection Systems 908.1 Single Injection System: This system is applicable for buildings no taller than seven stories (80 feet or 25 meters) above ground. 908.2 Multiple Injection System: Required for buildings exceeding seven stories. For ducted systems, injection points should be placed no more than every three stories. 909.0 - Fire Floor Exhaust 909.1 Fire Floor Exhaust: Each floor must have a fire floor exhaust to enhance stair tower pressurization performance by increasing pressure differences across the stair tower door. The exhaust should effectively discharge smoke outside the building, utilizing either fan-powered or non-fan-powered methods. 906.3.2 In stair tower pressurization systems, if there is a risk of smoke feedback into the pressurized stair tower or smoke entering through the pressurization fan intake, an automatic shutdown mechanism for the pressurization fan must be installed. 910.0 Elevator smoke control 910.2 To prevent smoke migration into the elevator lobby, two methods are proposed, assuming the elevator lobbies are constructed to be smoke-tight: (a) Provide a Fire Floor Exhaust (referencing Section 909.0 and 909.1). (b) Pressurize the elevator lobby using the stair tower pressurization system. 912.0 Controls for Stair Pressurization Systems. 912.1 Automatic Activation. Activation of any zone in the building's protective signaling system will trigger all pressurization fans. A smoke detector must be installed in the air supply line of the pressurization fan, which will stop the supply fans upon detecting smoke (NFPA 92A Section 3-4.4). 912.2 Manual Activation: A manual override switch must be available at the Fire Fighter Smoke Control Station (FFSCS) to restart the stair tower pressurization fan after it has shut down due to smoke detection, provided that the risk from smoke entering the fan is lower than that from smoke entering through the stair tower doors. CHAPTER 14: Water Supply 1401.0 Clean Running Water Required 1401.1 All fixtures shall be provided with adequate supply of potable and clean running water piped in an approved manner and without the danger of backflow or cross-connection. Water closets and urinals shall be flushed by an approved flush tank or flushometer valve. 1401.2 Potable and non-potable water supply system in all buildings shall be clearly identified. Each system shall be color coded as follows: 1401.2.1 Potable Water – Green background with white lettering. 1401.2.2 Non-potable Water – yellow background with black lettering. 1401.2.3 Reclaimed Water – Purple background with black uppercase letter. 1401.3 Hot water shall be to the left side of any faucet or diverters connected in a water piping system. 1401.4 Drinking fountains and water portable dispensers shall not be located near or in the toilet and shall be maintained in clean condition. 1401.5 Schools of Cosmetology and Cosmetological Establishments. 1401.5.1 Hot and Cold running water. At least one sink with hot and cold running water shall be provided in each work area or workroom where hairdressing is performed in each school and establishment. 1401.5.2 Hand washing Facilities. Each school and establishment shall provide adequate hand washing facilities, including cold running water, located within or adjacent to the toilet room or rooms in accordance with Chapter 29. 1401.5.3 Drinking Water. Each school and establishment shall supply potable drinking water convenient to students, patrons, and employees. Approved sanitary drinking fountains shall be installed and so regulated that a jet of at least 2 inches (51 mm) shall be constantly available. 1401.6 Meat and Poultry Processing Plants. Except as provided in Section 1401.6.4, the water supply shall be ample and potable, with adequate pressure and facilities for its distribution in the plants, and its protection against contamination and pollution. Note: A water report, issued under the authority of the state health agency, certifying the potability of the water supply, shall be obtained by the applicant and furnished to the administrator whenever such report is required by the administrator. 1401.7 Garbage Collection Centers and Facilities 1401.7.1 The water supply shall be ample with facilities for its distribution. An ample supply of water at not less than 180 degrees Fahrenheit (82 degrees Celsius), or other suitable method. 1401.7.2 The vehicle cleaning and sanitizing area shall be provided with adequate line stream, producing a temperature of at least 180 degrees Fahrenheit (82 degrees Celsius), or other suitable method. 1401.7.3 Hose connections with stream and water mixing valve of hot and cold-water hose connections shall be provided at locations throughout the building and at unloading and vehicle cleaning slabs. 1401.9 All Establishments. Water Supply: The water supply must be ample, clean, and potable, with proper distribution and protection against contamination and pollution. Back Siphonage Prevention: Equipment using potable water must be installed to prevent back siphonage into the potable water system. Non-Potable Water: Non-potable water is allowed only in areas where no edible products are handled, and for specific purposes like ammonia condensers or sewer lines. Non-potable lines must be clearly labeled and must not be connected to potable water systems. Exception: Cross-connections are allowed for fire protection if equipped with a break to prevent contamination and approved by local authorities or the department. Requirements for Water Handling and Cleaning Reused Water Systems: Pipelines, reservoirs, tanks, and cooling towers that handle reused water must be designed and installed for easy cleaning and inspection. Hot Water for Cleaning: Hot water must be delivered under pressure for cleaning rooms and equipment, ensuring thorough cleanup. Sanitizing Water: An ample supply of hot water, at least 180°F (82°C), must be available for sanitizing purposes. Cleanup Facilities: Hose connections must be provided in pens, alleys, and runways for cleaning purposes. 1402.0 Illegal Connections Prohibition of Unclean Water Connections (1402.1): Unclean water pipes must not connect to potable water supply piping. Potable water systems cannot allow unclean water to enter due to back siphonage, suction, or excessive pressure. Backflow Prevention for Unclean Water (1402.2): Unclean water piping can only connect to potable water systems if equipped with an approved backflow prevention device to prevent contamination. Each use point must be individually protected from potential cross-contamination. Clean Water Protection (1402.3): Clean domestic water pipes must not connect to any fixture, device, or construction that risks polluting the water supply unless equipped with an approved backflow prevention device. Private Water Supply (1402.3.1): Private water systems cannot connect to other water sources without approval from relevant authorities. Cross Connection Control (1402.3.2): Cross-connections are not allowed in clean water systems if the equipment or mechanism uses substances that can pollute or contaminate potable water. Such equipment may only be used if protected by an approved backflow prevention device. 1403.0 Devices 1403.1.1 Air Gap. To comply with the minimum air gap to allow backflow protection shall be in accordance with Table 14-3. 1403.1.2 Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker (AVB). An atmospheric vacuum breaker shall consist of body, a checking member, and an atmospheric opening. 1403.1.3 Hose Connection Backflow Preventer. A hose connection backflow preventer shall consist of two independent check valves with an independent atmospheric vent between and a means of field testing and draining. 1403.1.4 Double Check Valve Backflow Prevention Assembly (DC). A double check valve backflow prevention assembly shall consist of two independently acting internally loaded check valves, four properly located test cocks and two isolation valves. 1403.1.5 Pressure Vacuum Breaker Backflow Prevention Assembly (PVB). A pressure vacuum breaker backflow prevention assembly shall consist of a loaded air inlet valve, and internally loaded check valve, two (2) properly located tests cocks, and two (2) isolation valves. This device shall be installed indoors only if provision for s14. 1403.1.6 Pressure Vacuum Breaker Spill Resistant Type Backflow Prevention Assembly (SVB). This assembly includes one check valve that opens to the atmosphere, positioned downstream of the valve, and located between two tightly closed shutoff valves and test cocks. 1403.1.7 Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Prevention Assembly (RP). This assembly consists of two independently acting check valves, a differential pressure relief valve, four test cocks, and two isolation valves, ensuring enhanced protection against backflow. 1403.2 General Requirements. 1403.2.1 Only backflow prevention assemblies that meet listed standards and are approved by the relevant authority can be installed in potable water systems. 1403.2.2 Backflow prevention valves must be permanently identifiable in a manner acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction. 1403.2.3 Backflow assemblies must be tested annually or more frequently by a certified tester or representative, following the procedures in Table 141. 1403.2.4 Backflow preventers must be accessible for testing, maintenance, and repair, with at least 1 foot of clearance from the ground. If installed more than 5 feet high, a permanent platform must be provided for access. 1403.3 Specific Requirements. 1403.3.1 Flushometer valves for water closets and urinals must have an atmospheric vacuum breaker, installed with the critical level at least 6 inches (152 mm) above the overflow rim. 1403.3.2 Ballcocks in water closet and urinal tanks must have a critical level 1 inch (25.4 mm) above the overflow pipe. 1403.3.3 Water closet flushometer tanks must have an approved backflow prevention assembly or method 1403.3.4 Heat Exchangers. Heat exchangers for heating or recovery must protect potable water systems from contamination. Single-wall heat exchangers for indirect water heaters: ○ Connected to low-pressure boilers limited to 30 psi. ○ Medium must be potable water or a Class A1 non-toxic fluid. Double-wall heat exchangers: Must separate potable water from the transfer medium with a vented space between the two walls. Water Supply Inlets (1403.3.5) Water supply inlets to tanks, vats, and other receptors must be protected by: ○ An approved air gap. ○ A listed vacuum breaker installed with a critical level of at least 6 inches (152 mm). ○ A suitable backflow preventer, installed per the type’s requirements. Lawn Sprinkler and Irrigation Systems (1403.3.6) Potable water supply for irrigation systems without pumps or chemical injection must be protected by: ○ Atmospheric vacuum breaker. ○ Pressure vacuum breaker. ○ Spill-resistant vacuum breaker. ○ Reduced pressure backflow preventer. 1403.3.11 Non-potable Water Piping. Where it’s impractical to correct cross-connections in the domestic waterline, it will be considered non-potable. Non-potable lines must be clearly identified, and any outlets potentially used for drinking must display a warning: "CAUTION: NON POTABLE WATER, DO NOT DRINK" with a symbol as shown in Figure 14-1. 1404.0 Materials. 1404.1 Materials for all potable water-carrying pipe, tube, and fittings for the purpose of supplying drinking water shall meet the requirements of NSF 61. Similar materials shall be used in a water supply piping system, except valves and similar devices. Material specifications and sizes for building supply piping shall be in accordance with Table 14-4. Exceptions: (1) Use of CPVC is not permitted for medical applications. (2) Use of PEX piping is not permitted for medical applications. (3) Use of PEXALPEX piping is not permitted for medical applications. (4) Use of PEX piping is not adopted for medical and food applications. 1404.1.1 Local Authority to Approve CPVC Pipe Within Residential Buildings Under Specified Conditions The use of CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride) for hot and cold water distribution systems in the interior of hotel and residential buildings is permitted under the following conditions: (a) Permit Conditions Any building permit issued under Chapter 1 of this Code must include conditions that ensure compliance with the mitigation measures outlined in this section. (b) Approved Materials Only CPVC plumbing materials that are listed as approved and are installed according to this Code may be used. (c) Installed and Use All installations and uses of CPVC plumbing materials must comply with the applicable requirements of this Code and the Installation Standard for CPVC Solvent Cemented Hot and Cold Water Distribution Systems (IAPMO IS 202005). (d) Certification of Compliance Before issuing a building permit as per Section 604.1.1, the building official must require the contractor or appropriate plumbing subcontractors to provide written certification that: ○ Complies with subdivision (e) of this section. ○ Affirms compliance with the flushing procedures and worker safety measures in Chapter 29 Appendix E of this Code and IAPMO IS 202005. (e) Worker Safety Contractors applying for permits that include CPVC plumbing materials must provide a signed written certification in their permit application stating that: ○ They are aware of the health and safety hazards associated with CPVC plumbing installations. ○ Their Injury and Illness Prevention Plan includes these hazards. ○ Their worker safety training elements meet the Department of Industrial Relations’ guidelines. (f) Findings of Compliance The building official shall not grant final permit approval for CPVC plumbing materials unless it is verified that: ○ The material has been installed per this Code. ○ The installer has complied with the requirements in Section 1.2.1 of Appendix 1 of this Code and IAPMO IS 202005. (g) Penalties. Any contractor or subcontractor found non-compliant with the ventilation, glove, or flushing requirements of Chapter 29 Appendix E shall face penalties as per the Health and Safety Code, Division 13, Part 1.5, Chapter 6 (Section 17995 et seq.). 1404.2 The use of copper tubes for water piping shall have a weight of not less than Type L. Exception: Type M copper tubing shall be used for water piping above ground inside, or outside of a building structure. 1404.3 All hard drawn copper tubing used for water supply piping must be marked in accordance with ASTM B 88 (Seamless Copper Water Tube). The color codes for copper tubing types are as follows: Type K: Green Type L: Blue Type M: Red 1404.9.1 Soldier Joints. Joints in copper tubing must be made using approved copper or copper alloy fittings. The surfaces to be joined by soldering must be cleaned to a bright finish using manual mechanical means. Solder and flux with lead content exceeding two-tenths of one percent (0.20%) are prohibited in piping systems used for conveying potable water. 1404.11.2 Water Heater Connections. PEX tubing shall be installed not less than eighteen (18) inches (457mm) from the water heater outlet. 1404.12 Flexible Corrugated Connectors. Maximum allowed length for flexible corrugated connectors of copper or stainless steel shall be as follows: Water Heater Connectors - twenty-four (24) inches (609 mm). Fixture Connectors - thirty (30) inches (762 mm) Washing Machine Connectors - seventy-two (72) inches (1827 mm). Dishwasher and Icemaker Connectors - one hundred twenty (120) inches (3048 mm) 1408.0 Water Pressure, Pressure Regulators, Pressure Relief Valves, and Vacuum Relief Valves. 1408.1 Inadequate Water Pressure. If the main water supply cannot maintain a residual pressure of at least 15 psi (103.4 kPa), a tank and pump must be installed to provide this pressure. Fixtures requiring higher pressure must be supplied accordingly. 1408.2 Excessive Water Pressure. If static water pressure exceeds 80 psi (552 kPa), install an approved pressure regulator with a strainer to reduce pressure to 80 psi or less. Both the regulator and strainer must be accessible for cleaning without disconnecting piping. Pipe size should be determined based on 80% of the reduced pressure from Table 6-6. 1408.4 Pressure Relief Valves Relief valves must be automatic, set to a maximum of 150 psi (1035 kPa), and cannot have shut-off valves installed between them and the system or in the drain line. 1408.7 Vacuum Relief Valves A vacuum relief valve must be installed on the storage tank or heater when it is above the fixture outlets in the hot water system. 1409.1 Installation Pipe supports must be installed as per Section 3.14.0. Ream burred ends to the full bore. Changes in direction for copper tubing must be made with appropriate bends without deformation. 1409.2 Trenching Water pipes must not be laid in the same trench as building sewer or drainage pipes unless the following conditions are met: 1409.2.1 The bottom of the water pipe must be at least 12 inches (305 mm) above the top of the sewer line. 1409.2.2 The horizontal distance between the water pipe and the sewer line must be at least 12 inches (305 mm). 1409.3 Indoor Water Piping For water piping under concrete floor slabs: 1409.3.1 Ferrous piping must have an approved protective coating, while nonferrous piping does not require wrapping. 1409.3.2 No joints should be installed in copper water piping; if joints are necessary, they must be brazed with wrought copper fittings. 1409.4 Testing Upon completion, the hot and cold water supply piping system must be tested for leaks under a pressure of at least 150% of its intended working pressure, using potable water for testing. For plastic piping, a substitute air pressure test of 50 psi (344.5 kPa) is allowed. The system must hold this pressure without leaking for at least 15 minutes. 1409.5 Unions Unions must be installed in water supply piping within 12 inches of regulating equipment, water heating tanks, and valves for easy removal or replacement. 1409.6 Location Water supply piping must not be located within the same lot as the building it serves, except as provided in Section 1409.7. 1409.7 Exceptions The Code allows the use of an adjoining lot to: 1409.7.1 Access public water service connections with a legal easement that does not violate the National Building Code of the Philippines. 1409.7.2 Acquire additional space for a building supply, provided it complies with existing laws and ordinances. 1409.8 Low-Pressure Cutoff A low-pressure cutoff switch must be installed within 5 feet (1,524 mm) of the inlet for booster pumps connected to water service or underground pipes. This switch should be set to activate at not less than 10 psi (68.9 kPa). A pressure gauge must be placed between the shutoff valve and the pump. 1409.10 Water Hammer When quick-acting valves are used in building water supply systems, approved mechanical devices must be installed to absorb water hammer and prevent high pressures. These devices should be placed as close as possible to the quick-acting valves. 1410.0 Size of Potable Water Piping. 1410.1 Sizing Method: The total demand method determines the size of each water meter and supply pipe based on maximum velocities allowed by the code. 1410.2 Sizing Considerations: Water supply pipes and meters must be adequately sized to account for pressure losses from filters, softeners, and other devices, as outlined in Tables 14-11 and 14-12. No such devices can be installed in supply lines if pressure drop is excessive. 1410.6 Installation Conditions: When using Table 14-10, consider total fixture units, developed length of supply pipe, elevation differences, and street main pressure. 1410.8 Meter and Supply Pipe Sizing: Determine available pressure at the water meter. Adjust for elevation differences (subtract 0.5 psi for each foot). Use Table 14-9 to find the pressure range and length for fixture unit values. No building supply pipe shall be less than ¾ inch (20 mm) in diameter. 1410.9 Size of Branches: Branch size is determined by fixture units, total length, and meter size; it should not exceed the building supply pipe size. 1410.11 Sizing for Flushmometer Tanks: Size branches and mains for flushmometer tanks per flush tank sizing procedures. 1410.12 Velocity Restrictions: 1410.12.1 Copper Tube Systems: Max velocity is 8 fps (2.4 mps) for cold water and 5 fps (1.52 mps) for hot water. 1410.12.2 Copper Alloy Fittings: Same maximum velocities apply as above. Exceptions: These sizing provisions do not apply to minor alterations, replacements, fixture equipment, non-potable lines, and irrigation systems meeting adequate supply requirements. 1411.0 Drinking Water Treatment Units. 1411.1 Compliance with Standard. Drinking water treatment units must be marked with appropriate standards indicating they meet relevant testing requirements. 1411.2 Air Gap Discharge. Discharge from treatment units must enter the drainage system through an air gap or device that complies with the standards. 1411.3 Connection Tubing. The tubing to and from drinking water treatment unit shall be of a size and material as recommended by the manufacturer. 1411.4 Sizing of Residential Softeners. Residential use of water softeners shall be sized per Table 14-2. 1412.0 Domestic Hot water Distribution Systems for Health Facilities and Clinics 1412.1 Temperature and Supply Requirements The domestic water heating equipment and distribution systems must supply water at the temperatures and amounts specified in Table 14-3. Mechanical engineers may use appropriate diversity factors when designing the system. 1412.2 Hot Water Heating Equipment At least two pieces of hot water heating equipment must be installed to supply hot water for essential services such as dishwashing, hand washing, and bathing. Booster heaters that provide water at temperatures between 125°F and 180°F (52°C to 82°C) are acceptable as a second piece of equipment for dishwashing. 1412.3 Instantaneous Heaters Instantaneous heaters are allowed for supplying hot water to hand washing and bathing fixtures, provided that a continuous mechanical recirculation system is also installed. 1412.4 Water Storage Tanks Water storage tanks must be made from corrosion-resistant materials or lined with corrosion-resistant materials to prevent degradation. 1412.5 Temperature Control Temperature control valves must be installed to automatically regulate the temperature of hot water delivered to plumbing fixtures used by patients. The regulated temperature range should be between a minimum of 105°F (41°C) and a maximum of 120°F (49°C). A high-temperature alarm must be set at 125°F (52°C) and should include an audible/visual device that alerts at a continuously occupied location. 1412.6 Recirculation System The hot water distribution system serving patient care areas must maintain constant mechanical recirculation to ensure continuous hot water availability at each outlet. 1412.7 Warning Signs Where hot water exceeding 125°F (52°C) is accessible to patients or staff, warning signs must be posted above the fixtures. The letters on these signs should be at least 2 inches (51 mm) high for visibility. 1412.8 Sectionalizing valves shall be provided as required by Section 1405.8. Chapter 15 Drainage Pipe System/Building Sewers Materials Materials for drainage piping shall be in accordance with one of the referenced standards in Chapter 29 except that: Galvanized wrought-iron or galvanized steel pipe shall not be used underground and shall be kept not less than six (6) inches (152mm) above ground. Drainage piping shall be cast iron, Schedule 40 ABS DWV, Schedule 40 PVC DWV or other approved materials having a smooth and uniform bore, except that: 2.1.ABS and PVC DWV piping installations shall be installed in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations, and chapter 9 “Fire Stop Protection”. ABS and PVC materials exposed within ducts or plenums shall have a flame spread index of not more than twenty-five (25) and a smoke developed index of not more than fifty (50), when tested in accordance with ASTM E84 Test for Surface-Burning Characteristics of Building Materials and ANSI/UL 723. 2.2 ABS and PVC installations are not allowed in medical facilities. 2.3 ABS and PVC installations are not limited to not more than 10 stories of areas of residential accommodation. Commercial and institutional buildings shall comply with Section 1502.1.2.4. 2.4 ABS and PVC vertical installations are not allowed for high buildings more than ten stories. All vertical drainage riser shall be of cast iron material. [Exception:] ABS and PVC are allowed in horizontal drainage piping for high rise buildings. 2.5. Cast-iron soil pipe and fittings shall be listed and tested to comply with standards referenced in Chapter 29. Such pipe and fittings shall be marked with country of origin and identification of the original manufacturer in addition to any markings required by reference. 3. No vitrified clay pipe or fittings shall be used above ground or where pressurized by a pump or ejector. They shall be kept less than twelve (12) inches (305mm) below the ground. 4. Copper tube and fittings for drainage and vent piping shall have a weight of not less than that of copper drainage tube type DWV. 5. Stainless steel 304 pipe for drainage, vent and fittings shall not be installed underground and shall be kept less than six (6) inches (152mm) above ground. Drainage fittings shall be of cast iron, malleable iron, ABS, PVC, and shall not be installed underground and shall be kept at least 6 inches (152mm) above ground, and all fittings shall be compatible with the type of pipe used. - Screwed pipe fittings shall be of the recessed drainage type. Burred ends shall be reamed to the full-bore pipe. - Threads of drainage fittings shall be tapped to allow one quarter (1/4) inch per foot (20.9 mm/m) grade. - Drainage fittings shall be of the drainage type and shall have a smooth interior waterway and manufactured to allow one fourth (1/4) inch per foot (20.9mm/m) grade. Size of Drainage Piping Fixture Unit Equivalents Fixture unit equivalent of plumbing fixtures shall be based on the size of the trap required. Size of Drainage Piping Vertical and/or horizontal minimum sizes of drainage piping shall be determined from the cumulative total of all fixture units connected in the vertical and/or horizontal drainage pipes. Vertical drainage pipes sizes shall be determined based on the cumulative total of all fixtures and their corresponding length. Two (2) fixture units shall be allowed for each gallon per minute (0.06L/sec) of flow for a continuous flow into a drainage system from a pump, sump ejector, air conditioning equipment, or similar device. Fixture Drainage Connections An approved double fixture fitting having inlet openings at the same level shall be used for two fixtures set back to back, or side by side within the allowed distance between a trap and its vent with a common vertical drainage pipe provided each fixture wastes separately. Cleanouts Cast Iron drainage pipelines with cleanout fitting shall consist of a cast-iron body. All horizontal drainage pipes shall be provided with a clean out at its upper end and each succeeding length that is more than one hundred (100) feet (30,480mm), or fraction thereof of its drainage pipe length. Exceptions: 1) Cleanouts on a horizontal drain line less than five (5) feet (1524mm) in length unless such line is serving sinks or urinals. 2) Cleanouts on any horizontal drainage pipe installed on a slope of seventy-two (72) degrees (1.26 rad) or less from the vertical angle (angle of one -fifth (1/5) bend). 3) On horizontal branches of the building drain. On any drainage pipe or piping that is above the floor level of the lowest floor of the building. 4) When an approved type of two-way cleanout fitting is installed inside or outside the building wall along the drainage pipe connecting the building drain and the building sewer at the lower end of a building and extended to grade maybe substituted for an upper terminal cleanout. Building Sewers Sewer Required Drainage fixtures installed in all buildings and all premises having drainage piping systems shall be connected to a public or private sewer, except as provided in Sections 1513.2 and 1513.4. All drainage piping systems from any building or works with no available connection to a public sewer shall be connected to an approved private sewage disposal system. Chapter 16: Vents 1603.0 Materials. 1603.1 Vent pipe shall be of cast iron, galvanized steel, galvanized wrought iron, Schedule 40 ABS DWV, Schedule 40 PVC DWV, or other approved materials having a smooth and uniform bore except that: 1603.1.1 Galvanized wrought iron or galvanized steel pipe shall not be installed underground and shall be kept at least six (6) inches (152 mm) above ground. 1603.1.2 ABS and PVC DWV pipe shall be installed in accordance with IS 5, IS 9, and Chapter 9 "Firestop Protection." ABS and PVC DWV materials installed within ducts or in plenums shall have a flame spread index of not more than 25 and a smoke developed index of not more than 50 when tested in accordance with the Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of the Building Materials (see the Building Code standards based on ASTM E84 and ANSI/UL 723). 1603.1.2.1 ABS and PVC installations are not allowed in medical facilities. 1603.1.2.2 ABS and PVC installations are limited to not more than ten stories of areas of residential accommodation. Commercial and institutional buildings shall comply with Section 1502.1.2.3 1603.1.2.3 ABS and PVC vertical installations are not allowed for buildings more than 10 stories. All vertical drainage risers shall be of cast iron material. Exception: ABS and PVC are allowed in horizontal drainage piping for high rise buildings. 1603.2 Vent fittings shall be cast iron, galvanized malleable iron, or galvanized steel, ABS, PVC, or other approved materials. Galvanized malleable iron or galvanized steel shall not be installed underground and shall be kept at least six (6) inches (152 mm) above ground. 1604.0 Size of Vents. 1604.1 Vent pipe size shall be determined from Table 16-1 based on the pipe length and the total number of fixture units connected to the vent pipe. The diameter of a vent connected to a drainage fixture shall not be less than one and one-fourth (1-1/4) inches (32 mm) nor shall be less than one-half (1/2) the diameter of the drain fixture it is connected to. Exception: When two (2) or more buildings located on the same lot and under one (1) ownership and having a common sewer pipe may be vented and sized in accordance with Table 16-1, provided the cumulative cross-sectional area of all vents is not less than that of the largest required common building sewer. 1604.2 Minimum sized vent pipes shall be installed in a horizontal position not exceeding one-third (1/3) of the total permitted length in Table 16-1. Exception: The maximum length limitation does not apply when the vent pipe that is minimum sized is increased one (1) pipe size larger for its entire length. 1605.0 Vent Pipe Grades and Connections. 1605.1 All vent pipes shall be graded and connected to drip back by gravity to the drainage pipe it serves. All vent and branch vent pipes shall be without drops or sags. 1605.2 Vent pipes connected to a horizontal drainage pipe shall be connected at its inverter taken off above the horizontal drainage pipe centerline and shall be downstream of the trap being served. 1605.3 All vent pipes shall extend vertically before offsetting horizontally not less than six (6) inches (152 mm) above the flood level rim of the fixture being served. When two or more vent pipes converge before being connected to any other vent pipes, such vent pipes shall rise to a point at least six(6) inches (152 mm) in height above the flood level rim of the drainage fixture it serves. When vent pipes are to be installed due to structural constraints at less than six (6)inches (152 mm) above the flood level rim of the fixture it shall be installed with an approved drainage fittings, material, and shall grade to the drain. 1605.4 All vent pipes shall extend above the roof undiminished in pipe size, or shall be reconnected with a soil or waste vent of proper size. 1605.5 Except for water closets and similar fixtures, vent pipe opening from a soil or waste pipe shall not be below the weir of the trap. When two (2) fixtures drain their wastes separately into an approved double fitting having inlet openings at the same level, the two (2) fixtures can be provided with a common vertical vent pipe. 1606.0 Vent Termination. 1606.1 All vent pipes or stacks shall terminate vertically not less than six (6) inches (152 mm) above the roof nor less than one (1) foot (305 mm) from any vertical surface. All vent stacks extending through the roof shall be provided with roof flashing. 1606.2 All vent pipes shall terminate not less than ten (10) feet (3048 mm) from, or at least three (3) feet (914 mm) above, any openable window, door, opening, air intake or vent shaft. Vent pipes shall terminate not less than three (3) feet (914 mm) in all directions from any lot perimeter, alley and street. 1606.2.1 [OSHPD 1, 2, 3 & 4] Each vent pipe shall terminate not less than twenty-five (25) feet (7620 mm) from any air intake or vent shaft. 1606.3 Full required size vent pipes whether separately or combined shall be extended not less than six (6) inches (152 mm) above the roof or fire wall. Vent pipes shall not be allowed for any use like "flag poling" except where the roof is used for weather protection purposes. When vent pipes are located within ten (10) feet (3048 mm) of any part of the roof that is used for other purposes, it shall extend not less than seven (7) feet (2,134 mm) above roof and shall be securely supported. 1606.4 Vent pipes to be installed outdoors shall be extended not less than ten (10) feet (3,048 mm) above the surrounding ground and shall be securely supported. 1606.5 Vent pipe joints and roof penetrations shall be made watertight by the use of approved flashings or flashing material. 1605.6 Lead. Sheet lead shall be not less than the following: For safe pans - not less than four (4) pounds per square foot (19.5 kg/m^2) or 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) thick. For flashing or vent terminals - not less than three (3) pounds per square foot (14.7 kg/m^2) or 1.2 mm thick. Lead bends and lead traps shall not be less than one eight (1/8) inch (3.2 mm) wall thickness. 1607.0 Vent Stacks and Relief Vents. 1607.1 Any drainage stack pipe that serves ten (10) or more stories above the horizontal building drain or other horizontal drain shall be provided with a parallel vent stack, which shall extend undiminished in size from the upper terminal vent stack and below the lowest fixture drain. The vent stack shall be connected to the drainage stack every fifth floor, starting from the uppermost fixture drain and counting down. The vent stack shall be connected to the drain stack by means of a yoke vent. The vent size shall be not less the diameter of either the drainage or the vent stack and shall use whichever is smaller. 1607.2 The yoke vent shall be connected to the vent stack not less than forty-two (42) inches (1,067 mm) above the floor level, and the yoke vent shall be connected to the drainage stack by a wye branch fitting located below the lowest drainage branch serving that floor. 1608.0 Vertical Wet Venting. 1608.1 Wet venting is a method of vent piping where the vertical drainage piping serves as a vent for a maximum of four (4) trap arms or drainage fixtures of one (1) and two (2) fixture units. All wet vented drainage fixtures and continuous vent discharging into a wet vent shall be within the same floor level. No wet vent shall exceed six (6) feet (1829 mm) in developed length. 1608.2 Any vertical drainage piping located between two (2) consecutive inlet levels shall be considered a wet vented section. Each wet vented section shall be a minimum of one (1) pipe size larger than the required minimum waste pipe size of the upper fixture or shall be one (1) pipe size larger than the required minimum pipe size for the sum of the fixture units served by such wet vented section and choose whichever waste pipe is larger. The wet vented section shall be, in either case, not less than two (2) inches (51 mm). 1608.3 The common vent pipe sizing shall be the sum of the fixture units served but, in no case, smaller than the minimum vent pipe size required for any fixture served or by Section 1604.0. 1608.4 Bathroom Wet Venting. 1608.4.1 Where Allowed. When one (1) or two (2) bathrooms are located on the same floor level in dwellings and guest rooms and with any combinations of fixtures shall be permitted to be vented by a wet vent. 1608.4.2 Vent Connection. The dry vent connection to the wet vent shall be an individual vent or common vent for the lavatory, bidet, shower, or bathtub. 1608.4.3 Size. The wet vent shall be sized based on the fixture unit discharge into the wet vent. The wet vent shall be a minimum size of 2 inches for 4 dfu or less, and 3 inches for more than 4 dfu. 1609.0 Special Venting for Island Fixtures. Traps for island sinks and similar equipment shall be roughed in above the floor and may be vented by extending the vent as high as possible, but not less than the drain board height and then returning it downward and connecting it to the horizontal sink drain immediately downstream from the vertical fixture drain. 1610.0 Combination Waste and Vent Systems. 1610.1 Only where structural conditions limits the installation of conventional waste and vent system the combination waste and vent systems shall be permitted. 1610.2 Each combination waste and vent system shall require plans and specifications first prior to approval by the Authority Having Jurisdiction and before any portion of any such system is installed. 1610.3 Any combination waste and vent system, as defined in Chapter 2, shall be provided with a vent or vents adequate to ensure free circulation of air. Any branch more than fifteen (15) feet (4,572 mm) in length shall be separately vented in an approved manner. The minimum area of any vent installed in a combination waste and vent system shall be at least one-half (1/2) the inside cross-sectional area of the drain pipe served. The vent connection shall be downstream of the uppermost fixture. 1610.4 For any combination waste and vent system, each waste pipe and each trap in any such system shall be at least two (2) pipe sizes larger than the sizes required by Chapter 14 of this code, and at least two (2) pipe sizes larger than any fixture tailpiece or connection. 1610.5 Except the tailpiece or connection between the outlet of a plumbing fixture and the trap, no vertical waste pipe shall be used in any combination waste and vent system. Tailpieces or connections shali be as short as possible and, in no case, shall exceed two (2) feet (610 mm). Exception: Branch lines may have forty-five (45) degree (0.79 rad) vertical offsets. 1610.6 For combination waste and vent system an accessible cleanout shall be installed in each vent. For wet vented branch serving a single trap cleanouts may not be required when the fixture tailpiece or connection is not less than two (2) inches (50 mm) in diameter and provides ready access for cleaning through the trap. Chapter 20: Fire Protection Systems Section 2003: Automatic Sprinkler and Stand Pipe Systems 2003.2 Where Required. Approved automatic sprinkler systems in new buildings and structures shall be provided in the locations described in this section in accordance with the RA 9514, Revised Fire Code of the Philippines of 2008. Exception: 1. Spaces or areas in telecommunications buildings used exclusively for telecommunications equipment, associated electrical power distribution equipment, batteries and standby engines, provided those spaces or areas are equipped throughout  with an automatic fire alarm system and are separated from the remainder of the building by fire barriers consisting of not less than 1-hour fire-resistance-rated walls and 2-hour fire-resistance-rated floor /ceiling assemblies. 2. Automatic fire sprinkler protection for fixed guide way transit systems shall be as per Section 2005.3.10. 2003.2.1 Windowless Stories in All Occupancies. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in the locations set forth in Sections 2003.2. 10.1 through 2003.2. 10. 1.3. Exception: Group R-3 and Group U. 2003.2.1.1 Stories and Basements Without Openings. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in every story or basement of all buildings where the floor area exceeds 1,500 square feet (139.4 m') and where there is not provided at least one of the following types of exterior wall openings: 1. Openings below grade that lead directly to ground level by an exterior stairway complying with Section 1009 or an outside ramp complying with Section 1010. Openings shall be located in each 50 linear feet (15,240 mm), or fraction thereof, of the exterior wall in the story on at least one side. 2. Openings entirely above the adjoining ground level totaling at least 20 square feet (1.86 m^2) in each 50 linear feet (15,240 mm), or fraction thereof, of the exterior wall in the story on at least one side. 2003.2.1.2 Opening Dimensions and Access. Openings shall have a minimum dimension of not less than 30 inches (762 mm). Such openings shall be accessible to the fire department from the exterior and shall not be obstructed in a manner that tire lighting or rescue cannot be accomplished from the exterior. 2003.2.1.3 Opening on One Side Only. Where openings in a story are provided on only one side and the opposite wall of such story is more than 75 feet (22860 mm) from such openings. 2003.2.1.4 Basements. Where any portion of a basement is located more than 75 feet (22 860 mm) from openings required by Section 2003.2.10.1, the basement shall be equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system. 2003.2.2 Rubbish and Linen Chutes. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed at the top of rubbish and linen chutes and in their terminal rooms. Chutes extending through three or more floors shall have additional sprinkler heads installed within such chutes at alternate floors. Chute sprinklers shall be accessible for servicing. 2003.2.3 Building 55 feet (16,1764 mm) or more in Height. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout buildings with a floor level having an occupant load of 30 or more that is located 55 feet (16,764 mm) or more above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access. Exceptions: Airport control towers; Open parking structures 2003.2.4 Pressure Zones. Sprinkler system in high rise buildings shall have pressure zones so that sprinkler heads will not be subjected to pressure that is more than 150 psi. Combined sprinkler and standpipe system shall be designed in accordance with the applicable sections of NFPA 13 and NFPA 14. 2003.2.5 During Construction. All automatic sprinkler systems shall remain operational during construction, alteration and demolition operations of existing buildings. 2003.2.6 Other Hazards. Automatic sprinkler protection shall be provided for the hazards indicated in Sections 2003.2 and Table 1. 2003.2.6.1 Ducts Conveying Hazardous Exhaust. Where required by this code, automatic sprinklers shall be provided in ducts conveying hazardous exhaust, flammable or combustible materials. 2003.2.6.2 Commercial Cooking Operation. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed in a commercial kitchen exhaust hood and duel system where all automatic sprinkler systems are used to comply with Section 20040. 2003.2.7 Other Required Suppression Systems. In addition to the requirements of Section 2003.2, the provisions indicated in Table 2.0 [Uniform Fire Code] also require the installation of a suppression system for certain buildings and areas. 2003.3 Installation Requirements. Automatic sprinkler systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with NFPA-13, Standard for the Installation of Automatic Sprinkler System. a. NFPA-14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe System b. NFPA-20, Standard for the Installation of Centrifugal Fire Pumps c. NFPA-25, Standard for the Inspection,Testing, and Maintenance of Water-based Fire Protection Systems. Section 2005 Standpipe Systems 2005.2 Installation Standard. Standpipe systems shall be installed in accordance with this section and NFPA 14. Dry standpipe (Class | or III) system shall be limited to 8-storey buildings only. Wet standpipe (Class | or III) system shall be used for more than 8-storey buildings. 2005.3 Required Installations. Standpipe systems shall be installed where required by Sections 2005.3.1 through 2005.3.10.1 and in the locations located in Sections 2005.4, 2005.5 and 2005.6. 2005.8 Dry Standpipes. Dry Standpipes shall not be installed. Exception: Where subject to freezing and in accordance with NFPA 14. Section 2008 Fire Department Connections 2008.1 Installation. Fire department connections shall be installed in accordance with the NFPA standard applicable to the system design and shall comply with Sections 2012.2 through 20 12.6. 2008.2 Location. With respect to hydrants, driveways, buildings and landscaping, fire department connections shall be located so that fire apparatus and hoses connected to supply the system will not obstruct access to the buildings for other fire apparatus. The location of fire department connections shall be approved. 2008.3 Access. Immediate access to fire department connections shall be maintained at all times and without obstruction by fences, bushes, trees, walls or any other object for a minimum of 3 feet (914 mm). Exception: When acceptable to the Bureau of Fire Department, fire department connections for detention facilities may be located inside all security walls or fences on the property. 2008.4 Signs. A metal sign with raised letters at least I inch (25 mm) in size shall he mounted on all fire department connections serving automatic sprinklers, standpipes or fire pump connections. Such signs shall read: AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS or STANDPIPES or TEST CONNECTION or a combination thereof as applicable. 2008.5 Backflow Protection. The potable water supply to automatic sprinkler and standpipe systems shall be protected against backflow. 2008.6 Inspection, Testing and Maintenance. All fire department connections shall be periodically inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with this Code. Section 2009 Fire Pumps 2009.2 Protection Against Interruption of Service. The fire pump, driver, and controller shall be protected in accordance with NFPA 20 against possible interruption of service through damage caused by explosion, fire, flood, earthquake, rodents, insects, windstorm, freezing, vandalism and other adverse conditions. 2009.3 Temperature of Pump Room. Suitable means shall be provided for maintaining the temperature of a pump room or pump house, where required, above 40°F (5°C). 2009.5 Testing and Maintenance. Fire pumps shall be inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with the requirements of this section and this Code. 2011.0 Smoke Control. Refer to Chapter 9 of this Code. 2012.0 Life Safety. This Chapter shall include all the mandatory provisions of the NFPA 101 Life Safety Code as part of its sections. Exception: When two (2) or more buildings located on the same lot and under one (1) Chapter 25: Elevator Safety This Chapter covers the design, construction, installation, alteration, inspection, maintenance, testing, operation, repairing and licensing of elevators, escalators, moving walks, dumbwaiters, man-lifts, private residence elevators and inclined elevators, inclined lifts, reciprocating conveyors, wheelchair lifts, inclined stairway chairlifts and wheelchair lifts, their hoist ways, and their appurtenances. This chapter does not apply to belts, buckets, scoops or roller conveyors, tiering and piling machine hoists, automobile grease hoists, building hoists, skip hoists, mine devices, lift bridges, or freight platform hoists. 2503.0 Capacity and Loading 2503.1 MINIMUM RATED LOAD FOR PASSENGER ELEVATOR 2503.1.1 All concrete or steel building shall install passenger elevators 2503.1.2 For determining the number of elevators the following shall be used as basis: There shall be one elevator per 220 persons occupying the building other than the first floor. By floor area, 9.3 m^2 of floor area is the average density of occupancy per person. Floor area divided by 9.3 m^2 equal number of persons. Number of persons divided by 220 is equal to the number of elevators. 2503.1.3 In determining the capacities of passenger elevators the following shall be used as basis for elevator or elevators capacities. This is on the basis of carrying within 5 minutes the following percentage of building occupants of building occupants as follows: For apartments 8-10% For Offices 10-13% For Departments Stores 13-15% Group 1 ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS APPLIED TO EXISTING AND NEW ELEVATOR INSTALLATION 2504.1 APPLICATION 2504.1.1 WHERE APPLICABLE This chapter is applicable to elevators in the Philippines 1. All elevators under the jurisdiction of the Philippine government. 2. Elevators located in a single-unit private home and not accessible to the public. 3. Elevators located in a multi-unit residential building serving no more than two dwelling units and not accessible to the public. 2504.1.1.1 WHERE REQUIRED 1. Elevators shall be required in five (5) storey and above for multiple residential units. 2. Designated elevators for handicap persons shall be required in all private and public buildings pursuant to Batasang Pambansa Bilang 344(Accessibility Law). Exception: Multiple residential units less than five (5) storey shall designate at least one (1) unit for every 50 units of residential units at the ground floor. 3. Elevators shall be required in all high-rise institutional buildings, malls and health facilities. Exception: Office Building occupied by 50% less than 220 persons. 2504.1.2 USE AND PRECEDENCE  1. When ASME A17.1-1996 is cited or incorporated by reference in this chapter, it shall mean the 1996 edition of ASME A 17.1-1996, unless otherwise indicated. 2. This chapter shall apply if any difference exists between the Elevator Safety Orders and ASME A17.1-1996; or any other code, document or standard referenced in ASME A17.1-1996. Where a specific provision varies from a general provision, the specific provisions shall apply. 3. If a section in this chapter makes a cross-reference to a section, rule or table in ASME A17.1-1996, such cross-referencing shall be that which is shown in ASME A17.1-1996 unless the referenced section, rule or table has been amended in this chapter. 2504.2 PERMIT TO OPERATE 2504.2.1 SUBMITTAL OF PLANS BUILDING PERMIT (1) The person or firm who intends to install a new elevator, dumbwaiter, escalator, moving walk, or manlift, shall submit the erection plans to the Authority Having Jurisdiction for review. (2) The Authority Having Jurisdiction may require drawings and details of construction of any portion of an installation when complete erection plans are not submitted. (3) When an installation requires material, fabrication, or construction other than recognized standard types or has an offset car frame or is an observation type elevator Installed in other than a fully enclosed hoistway, drawings and details shall be submitted to the Authority Having Jurisdiction prior to installation. (4) Alterations to existing passenger or freight elevators as defined in section 2504.8 shall be considered as new installations for submission of plans or notice of intent to make the alteration and the subsequent notification that the work is complete and ready for inspection. The notice of intent shall include a complete description of the alteration. (5) The person or firm doing the work of replacing door locking devices, safety devices, governs, or oil buffers on existing Installations of passenger or freight elevators shall notify the Authority Having Jurisdiction when the work is complete and ready for inspection. (6) The person or firm installing a new hand power man platform shall notify the Division when the installation is complete and ready for inspection. (7) The person or firm responsible for special maintenance operations such as the cleaning of glass or the replacement of lamps that cannot be performed from inside the elevator car, shall submit a plan to the Division outlining a safe method that will be used to perform the maintenance. (8) The person or firm installing a static control shall provide the Authority Having Jurisdiction with information showing that the control complies with the requirements of Group II, sections 2531.6.4 and 2531.6.7. This information shall be in the form of either. (A) Electrical schematic diagrams or block diagrams of the control and safety circuits; or (B) A written checkout procedure and demonstration of safety and speed control circuits required by sections 2531.6.4 and 2531.6.7 at the time of the inspection. 2504.2.2 INSPECTION NEEDED. (1) Each new device shall be inspected by an Authority Having Jurisdiction and a permit to operate issued before the device is placed in service. (2) Each alteration of an existing passenger or freight elevator shall be inspected by an Authority Having Jurisdiction and a new permit to operate issued before the elevator is placed back In service. (3) The replacement of door locking devices, safety devices, governors, oil buffers, counterweights, car on closures and car doors and gates, terminal stopping devices, operating devices and control equipment, controllers, and emergency and signaling devices, shall be inspected by an authorized representative of the Division before the elevator is placed back in service. (4) Re-inspections of the devices covered by these regulations shall be as prescribed in DOLE Occupational Safety and Health Standards Labor Code which requires alt elevators to be inspected at least once each year but permits up to a two-year period if an elevator is in a safe condition for operation and is subject to a full maintenance service contract. Such re- inspections may be done by certified inspectors as defined in section 2502. (5) Elevators in a multi-unit residential building serving no more than two dwelling units and not accessible to the public shall be inspected by the Authority Having Jurisdiction upon completion of installation prior to being placed in service, or after alterations prior to being returned to service. (6) Special access elevators installed after Sept 28, 2001 shall be inspected for safety and compliance with the applicable provisions of Article 15, Special Access Elevators and Special Access Lifts, Sections 2575-2575.60 of this Chapter 2504.2.3 PERMIT TO OPERATE REQUIRED. No elevator shall be operated without a valid, current permit issued by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (1) The permit, or a copy thereof, to operate a passenger elevator, freight elevator or incline elevator shall be posted conspicuously and securely in the elevator car. For other devices, the permit shall be available on the premises. (2) Except as provided in subsection (c)(3), the permit shall not be issued for a period exceeding one year. (3) if the Authority Having Jurisdiction's investigation and inspection indicate the elevator is in a safe condition and will be covered during the entire term of the permit by a full maintenance contract with an elevator service company possessing a license issued by the Philippine Contractors Accreditation Board (PCAB) the Authority Having Jurisdiction may issue a permit for a period not exceeding two years. (4) Within 60 days of notification by the Authority Having Jurisdiction that an elevator may qualify for a two-year permit, the elevator service company shall submit to the Authority Having Jurisdiction the following information: (A) A copy of the elevator service company's PCAB license issued by the Philippine Contractors' Accreditation Board (PCAB). (B) A copy of the full maintenance service contract. (5) A full maintenance service contract shall: (A) Specify the responsibilities of the elevator service company regarding all repairs and maintenance that may be necessary to keep the elevator in compliance with this Chapter; and (B) Require the elevator service company to service the elevator as frequently as necessary to effect safe operation but not less often than monthly. (6) The elevator service company shall notify the Authority Having Jurisdiction within 30 days if a full maintenance service contract is terminated or altered during the period the two-year permit is in effect. 2504.2.4 INSPECTION FEES. The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall assess a fee for inspections performed by Authority Having Jurisdiction safety engineers in accordance with National Building Code of the Philippines. The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall not issue a permit to operate until the assessed fee has been collected. 2504.2.5 APPLICATION PROCESSING TIME FOR RENEWAL OF PERMIT. (1) Within 15 calendar days of receipt of an application for renewal of a permit to operate, the Division shall inform the applicant in writing that the application is either complete and accepted for filing or that it is deficient and what specific information and documentation is required to complete the application. (2) Within 30 calendar days from the date of the filing of a completed application, the Division shall conduct an inspection of the device for which the permit is sought. (3) After satisfactory compliance with the preliminary order, if one has been issued. and upon notification to the Authority Having that the inspection fee has been paid, the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall issue the permit within 15 calendar days. (4) The Authority Having Jurisdiction's median, minimum and maximum times for processing a permit from the receipt of the Initial application to the final permit decision. 25060 QUALIFICATION INSPECTORS OF CERTIFIED 2506.1 EMPLOYMENT. Applicants shall be employed by a licensed company on elevator Inspection or by a municipality which maintains an elevator inspection organization operating under ordinances of rules at least equivalent to this Chapter. Applicants may be examined prior to their employment if sponsored by a company or a municipality by an agreement to employ the candidate if he is successful in the examination. However, no certificate will be issued until the applicant is employed as an elevator inspector. 2506.2 EXPERIENCE. Applicants shall have had at least four years of experience in some mechanical or electrical endeavor at least one year of which shall have been in the design, construction, installation, repair or inspection of elevators. The non-elevator experience, the mechanical, or electrical experience shall be at the mechanic level or technical work and the work must have been comparable to work in the elevator industry. 2506.3 EXPERIENCE. Immediately prior to the examination, the candidate shall have completed at least 90 days of intensive training in elevator inspection under the direct supervision of a certified elevator inspector. 2506.4 PERFORMANCE OF DUTY. A candidate shall be of good character, free from disabling defects, and possessing sufficient agility to perform his duties safely and efficiently. 2506.5 CERTIFICATE. Certificates of competency may be revoked by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, after a hearing, for failure to submit true reports concerning the condition of an elevator, or for conduct deemed by the Authority Having Jurisdiction to be contrary to the best interests of elevator safety. 2506.6 FREQUENCY OF INSPECTION. Certificates will be automatically suspended if, for a period of one year, an inspector does not make any elevator inspections as evidenced by reports submitted; however, such certificates may be reinstated without a written examination at the discretion of the division. This provision does not apply to the supervising engineers or others whose regular duties include the review of the work of other certified inspectors.