ME-LAWS-CHAPTER-5-7 PDF

ACCESS PANEL- A closure device used to cover an opening into a duct, an enclosure, equipment, or an appurtenance. [NFPA 96:3.3.1] AIR INTAKES -An opening in a building's envelope whose purpose is to allow outside air to be drawn into the structure to replace inside air that is removed by exhaus...

ACCESS PANEL- A closure device used to cover an opening into a duct, an enclosure, equipment, or an appurtenance. [NFPA 96:3.3.1] AIR INTAKES -An opening in a building's envelope whose purpose is to allow outside air to be drawn into the structure to replace inside air that is removed by exhaust systems or to improve the quality of the inside air by providing a source of air having a lower concentration of odors, suspended particles, or heating content. [NFPA 96:3.3.2] AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DEVICES- Equipment and devices used for the purpose of cleaning air passing through them or by them in such a manner as to reduce or remove the impurities contained therein. [NFPA 96:3.3.3] APPURTENANCE -An accessory or a subordinate part that enables the primary device to perform or improve its intended function. [NFPA 96:3.3.51 BAFFLE PLATE -An object placed in or near an appliance to change the direction or retard the flow of air, air fuel mixtures, or flue gases. [NFPA 96:3.3.7] CERTIFIED PERSON -A person trained and certified by the equipment manufacturer, or by a recognized organization through a formal certification program for the system to be serviced or cleaned, that is acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction. See Listed. CLASSIFIED - See Listed CLEANING- For kitchen exhaust systems and cooking equipment,the act of removing grease, oil deposits, and other residue. [NFPA 96:3.3.11]1 CLEARLY IDENTIFIED- Capable of being being recognized by a person of normal vision without the causing uncertainty and indecisiveness about the location or operating process of the identified item.NFPA 96:3.3.12 CLEARLY IDENTIFIED- Capable of being being recognized by a person of normal vision without the causing uncertainty and indecisiveness about the location or operating process of the identified item.NFPA 96:3.3.12 CLOSED COMBUSTIBLE CONSTRUCTION - Combustible building construction, including walls, structural framing, roofs, roof ceilings, floors, and floor ceiling assemblies continuously enclosing a grease duct on four sides where one or more sides require protection per Section 507.2. [NFPA 96:3.3.13.1] COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL -Material subject to an increase in combustibility or flame spread rating beyond the limits established in the definition of Limited Combustible Material. COMMERCIAL FOOD HEATPROCESSING EQUIPMENT -Equipment used in a food establishment for heat processing food or utensils and that produces grease vapors, steam, fumes, smoke, or odors that are required to be removed through a local exhaust ventilation system. COMPENSATING HOOD A hood that has an outside air supply with air delivered below or within the hood. When makeup air is diffused directly into the exhaust within the hood cavity, it becomes a short-circuits hood. CONCEALED SPACES -That portion(s) of a building behind walls, over suspended ceilings, in pipe chases, attics, and elsewhere whose size might normally range from 13/4 inch (44.45 mm) stud spaces to eight (8) foot (2.44 m) interstitial truss spaces and that might contain combustible materials such as building structural members, thermal and/or electrical insulation, and ducting. Such spaces have sometimes been used as HVAC plenum chambers. [NFPA 96:3.3.45.1] CONTINUOUS ENCLOSURE A recognized architectural or mechanical Component of a building having a fire resistance rating as required for the structure and whose purpose is to enclose the vapor removal duct for its full length to its termination point outside the structure without any portion of the enclosure having a fire resistance rating less than the required value. [NFPA 96:3.3.22.1] CONTINUOUS WELD- A metal joining method that produces a product without visible interruption or variation in quality. For the purpose of the definition, it specifically includes the exhaust compartment of hoods and welded joints of exhaust ducts, yet specifically does not include filter support frames or appendages inside hoods. [NFPA 96:3.3.14] COOKING APPLIANCE FLUE OUTLET- The opening or openings in a cooking device where vapors, combustion gases, or both leave the cooking device. There might or might not be duct work attached to this opening DAMPER-A valve or plate within a duct or its terminal components for controlling draft or the flow of gases, including air.[NFPA 96:3.3.15] DETECTION DEVICES-Electrical, pneumatic, thermal, mechanical, or optical sensing instruments, or sub-components of such instruments, whose purpose is to cause an automatic action upon the Occurrence of some pre- selected event In the context of this document, the event in question could be excessive temperature or flame, and the action could be the operation of a fire extinguishing system. DIPS-Depression or cup like places in horizontal duct runs in which liquids could accumulate. [NFPA 96:3.3.17] DISCHARGE-The final portion o a duct or pipe where the product being conveyed is emptied or released from confinement; the termination point of the pip or duct.[NFPA 96:3.3.18] EASILY ACCESSIBLE-See Accessible, Readily in Section 203.0, Chapter 2. ENVIRONMENTAL AIR DUCT-Ducting used for conveying air at temperatures not exceeding 250°F(121°C) to or from occupied areas of any Occupancy through other than heating or air air- conditioning systems, such as ventilation for human usage, domestic kitchen range exhaust, bathroom exhaust ducts, and domestic type clothes dryer exhaust ducts. FACTORYBUILT GREASE ENCLOSURES-A listed factory built grease duct enclosure system evaluated for reduced clearances to combustibles, and as an alternative to a duct with its fire rated enclosure.[NFPA 96:3.3.22.2.1] FIELD APPLIED GREASE DUCT ENCLOSURES- A listed system evaluated for reduced clearances to combustibles, and as an alternative to a duct with its fire rated enclosure. [NFPA 96:3.3.22.2.2] FLAMMABLE VAPOR OR FUMES The concentration of flammable constituents in air that exceeds twenty-five percent (25%) of its Lower Flammability Limit (LFL). FIRE BARRIER WALL A wall assembly complying with the requirements of NFPA 221, Standard for Fire Walls and Fire Barrier Walls, having a fire resistance rating o four(4) hours. FIRE PARTITION -An interior wall or partition of a building that separates two areas and restrict the spread of fire does not qualify as a firewall. FIRE RESISTANCE RATING-A relative value in minutes or hours assigned to materials assemblies that have withstood a fire exp0sure or as established in accordance with NFPA 251, Stand as Methods of Tests of Fire Endurance of Building Construction and Materials. of Building FUME INCINERATORS -Devices utilizing intense heat or fire to breakdown and/or oxidize vapors and odors contained in gases or air being exhausted into the atmosphere. [NFPA96:3.3.27] FUSIBLE LINK -A form of fixed temperature heat detecting device sometimes employed to restrain the operation of an electrical or mechanical control until its designed temperature is reached.Such devices are to be replaced following each operation. GREASE -Rendered animal fat, vegetable shortening, and other such oily matte used for the purposes of and resulting from cooking and/or preparing foods. Grease might be liberated and entrained with exhaust air or might be visible as d liquid or solid. GREASE DUCTS -A containment system system for the designed and installed to reduce the possibility of the accumulation of combustible condensation and occurrence of damage if a fire occurs within the system.[NFPA 96:3.3.20.2] GREASE FILTER - Are movable component of the grease removal system designed to capture and direct it to a safe collection point before it enters a duct system. Filters are expected to minimize the projection of flames downstream when attacked by flame on the upstream side and are expected to maintain their strength, shape, and integrity when exposed to the anticipated rough handling, cleaning, and service found in the field. GREASE FILTER, MESH-TYPE-A general purpose air filter designed to collect and retain lint and grease from the air passing through it. This type of of filter is not tested, listed, or acceptable for commercial cooking operations due to the increased fire hazard. GREASE REMOVAL DEVICES - A system of components designed for and intended process vapors, gases, and/or air as it is drawn through devices by collecting the airborne system of intended to process such drawn through and concentrating them for further future time leaving the exiting air with a lower amount of combustible matter. [NFPA96:3.3.30] GREASE TIGHT- Constructed and performing in such a manner as not to permit the passage of any grease under normal cooking conditions.[NFPA 96:3.3.31] HIGH BROILER-See Upright Broiler [NFPA96:3.3.8.1] HIGH LIMIT CONTROL- An operating device installed in and serving as an integral component of a deep fat fryer. Its purpose is the secondary limita- tion of temperature allowed by the cooking operation and, if that temperature is exceeded, the automatic interruption of the thermal energy input.[NFPA 96:3.3.32] HOOD - An air intake device connected to a mechanical exhaust system for collecting and removing grease, vapors, fumes, smoke, steam, heat, or odors from commercial food heat processing equipment. Fixed Baffle -A listed unitary exhaust hood design where the grease removal device is a non- removable assembly that contains an integral fire activated water wash fire extinguishing system listed for this purpose. [NFPA 96:3.3.33.1] Type I is a kitchen hood for collecting and removing grease and smoke. Type II is a general kitchen hood for collecting and removing steam, vapor, heat, or odors. INTERCONNECTED - Mutually assembled to another component in such a manner that the operation of one directly affects the other or that the contents of one specific duct system are allowed to encounter or contact the products being moved by another duct system. [NFPA 96:3.3.34] LIMITED COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL A building construction material that does not comply with the definition of noncombustible material, that, in the form in which it is used, has a potential heat value not exceeding 3,500 Btu/lb. (8141 kJ/kg) (see NFPA259, Standard Test Method for Potential Heat of Building Materials),and that complies with either of the following (A) or (B). Materials subject to an increase in combustibility or flame spread rating beyond the limits herein established through the effects of age, moisture, or other atmospheric conditions shall be considered combustible. (A) Materials having a structural base of noncombustible material, with a surfacing not exceeding a thickness of 1/8 inch (3.2 mm), and with a flame spread rating not greater than fifty (50). B) Materials in the form and thickness used, other than as described in (A), having neither a flame spread rating greater than twenty-five (25) nor evidence of continued progressive combustion and of such composition that surfaces that would be exposed by cutting through the mate- rial on any plane would have neither a flame spread rating greater than twenty-five (25) nor evidence of continued progressive combustion. LIQUID TIGHT- Constructed and performing in such a manner as not to permit the passage of any liquid at any temperature.[NFPA 96:3.3.35] NON-COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL- A material that, in the form in which it is used and under the conditions anticipated,will not ignite, burn, support combustion, or release flammable vapors when subjected to fire or heat. Materials that are reported as passing ASTM E 136, Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 1382°F (750°C), shall be considered noncombustible materials. [NFPA 220:3.3.4] OPEN COMBUSTIBLE CONSTRUCTION Combustible building constructions including wall, structural framing, roof, roof ceiling, floor, and floor ceiling assemblies adjacent to a grease duct on three or fewer sides where one or more sides require protection per Section 507.2. [NFPA 96:3.3.13.2] PITCHED To be fixed or set at a desired angle or inclination. [NFPA 96:3.3.37] PRODUCT CONVEYING DUCT- Ducting used for conveying solid particulates, such as refuse, dust, fumes, and smoke; liquid particulate matter, such as spray residue, mists, and fogs; vapors, such as vapors from flammable or corrosive liquids; noxious and toxic gases; and air at temperatures exceeding 250F (121°C). RECIRCULATING SYSTEMS- Systems for control of smoke or grease laden vapors from commercial cooking equipment that do not exhaust to the outside. [NFPA 96:3.3.39] REMOVABLE Capable of being transferred to another location with a limited application of effort and tools. [NFPA 96:3.3.40] REPLACEMENT AIR See Air, Makeup in Section 203.0, Chapter 2. SALAMANDER BROILER- See Upright Broiler. [NFPA 96:3.3.8.2] SECONDARY FILTRATION-Fume incinerators, thermal recovery units, air pollution control devices or other filtration media installed in ducts or hoods located in the path of travel of exhaust products after the initial filtration. SHALL Indicates a mandatory requirement. SINGLE HAZARD AREA- As considered in the applicable extinguishing system standard (see Section 513.2) or as determined by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. SOLID COOKING FUEL Any solid, organic, consumable fuel such as briquette, mesquite, hard- wood, or charcoal. [NFPA 96:3.3.43] SOLID FUEL COOKING EQUIPMENT Cooking equipment that is fired with solid cooking fuel. This equipment includes ovens, tandoori charcoal pots, grills, broilers, rotisseries, barbecue pits, or any other type of cooking equipment that derives all or part of its heat source from the burning of solid cooking fuel. SOLVENT -A substance (usually liquid) capable of dissolving or dispersing another substance; a chemical compound designed and used to convert solidified grease into a liquid or semi-liquid state in order to facilitate a cleaning operation. [NFPA 96:3.3.44] SPARK ARRESTER -A device or method that minimizes the passage of airborne sparks and embers into a plenum, duct, and flue. [NFPA96:3.3.46] TERMINATION -The final or intended end portion of a duct system that is designed and functions to fulfill the obligations of the system in a satisfactory manner. THERMAL RECOVERY UNIT- A device or series of devices whose purpose is to reclaim only the heat content of air, vapors, gases, or fluids that are being expelled through the exhaust system and to transfer the thermal energy so reclaimed to a location whereby a useful purpose can be served. [NFPA96:3.3.47] TRAP- A cup like or U-shaped configuration located on the inside of a duct system component where liquids can accumulate. [NFPA 96:3.3.49] UPRIGHT BROILER- An appliance used in the preparation of food whereby foods are exposed to intense radiant heat, and perhaps to convective heat, with the food and the radiant source not limited to a horizontal mode. [NFPA 96:3.3.8.3] 502.1 Product Conveying Ducts- Classification. Product conveying ducts shall be classified according to their use, as follows: Class 1. Ducts conveying non-abrasives, such as smoke, spray, mists, fogs, corrosive fumes and gases, light fine dusts, or powders. particulate in light concentrations, such as sawdust and grain dust, and buffing and polishing dust. Class 2. Ducts conveying moderately abrasive Class 3. Ducts conveying Class 2 materials in high concentrations and highly abrasive materials in low concentrations, such as manganese, steel chips, and coke. Class 4. Ducts conveying highly abrasive material in high concentrations. Class 5. Ducts conveying corrosives, such as acid vapors.  503.1 General. Motors and fans shall be sized to provide the required air movement. Motors in areas that contain flammable vapors or dusts shall be or d type approved for such environments.A manually operated remote control installed at an approved location shall be provided to shut off fans or blow fans or blowers in flammable vapor or dust systems. Electrical equipment used in operations that generate explosive flammable vapors, fumes, or dusts shall be shall be in locked with the ventilation system so that t fans m so that he equipment cannot be operated unless the ventilation fans are in operation. Motors for fans used to convey flammable vapors or dusts shall be located outside approved shields the duct or shall be protected with and dust proofing. Motors and fans shall be accessible for servicing and maintenance.  503.2 Fans. Parts of fans in contact with explosive or flammable vapors, fumes or dusts shall be nonferrous or non-sparking materials or their casing shall be lined or constructed of such material. When or flammable vapors, fumes, or dusts shall be of the size and hardness of materials passing through a fan could produce a spark, both the fan and the casings shall be of non- sparking materials. When fans are required to be spark resistant, their bearings shall not be within the airstream and all parts of the fans hall be grounded. Fans in systems handling materials that are likely to clog the blades, and fans in buffing or woodworking exhaust systems, shall be of the radial blade or tube axial type. Equipment used to exhaust explosive or flammable vapors, fumes, or dusts shall bear an identification plate stating the ventilation rate for which the syste tem was designed. Fans located in systems conveying corrosives shall of be of materials that are resistant to the corrosive or shall be coated with corrosion resistant materials. coatings used on filters shall have a flash point of na3 (1) The under floor trench in which the duct is under floor trench in which the duo installed shall| be completely back filled with sand or gravel. (2) Not more than one (1) inch (25 mm) of six (6) inch diameter (152 mm) PVC coupling may protrude above the concrete floor surface. (3) PVC pipe joints shall be solvent cemented to provided an air and grease tight duct. (4) The duct shall terminate above grade outside the building and shall be equipped with a back draft damper. 503.3 Air filters shall be listed units. Liquid adhesive 350°F (177°C) or higher, as determined by the Fire Code standards. 504. 1 Makeup and Exhaust Air Ducts. Environmental air ducts not regulated by other provisions of this code shall comply with this section. Ducts shall be substantially airtight and shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 6. Exhaust ducts under positive pressure shall not extend into or through ducts or plenums. Exhaust ducts shall terminate outside the building and shall be equipped with back draft dampers. Environmental air ducts that have an alternate function as a part of an approved smoke control system do not require design as Class 1 product conveying ducts. 504.2 Domestic Range Vents. Ducts used for and shall have smooth interior surfaces. Ducts used for domestic kitchen range ventilation shall be of metal domestic range hoods shall only serve cooking appliances- Exception: Ducts for domestic kitchen downdraft grill range ventilation installed under concrete slab floor may be of approved Schedule 40 PVC provided: 504.3 Clothes Dryers. 504.3.1 Moisture Exhaust Ducts. Moisture exhaust ducts shall terminate on the outside of the building and shall be equipped with a back draft damper. Screens shall not be installed at the duct termination. Ducts for exhausting clothes dryers shall not be connected or installed with sheet metal Screws or other fasteners that will obstruct the flow. Clothes dryer moisture exhaust ducts shall not be connected to a gas vent connector, gas vent, or chimney and shall serve clothes dryers. Clothes dryer moisture exhaust ducts under positive pressure shall not extend into or through ducts or plenums. 504.3.2 Domestic Clothes Dryers. When a compartment or space for domestic clothes dryer is provided, a minimum four (4) inch diameter (102 mm) moisture exhaust duct of approved material shall be installed in accordance with this section and Section 504.0. When a closet is designed for the installation of a clothes dryer, a minimum opening of 100 square inches (64,516 mm ) for makeup air shall be provided in the door or by other approved means. 504.3.2.1 Domestic Dryer Vents. Domestic clothes dryer moisture exhaust ducts shall be of metal and shall have smooth interior surfaces. Exception: Listed clothes dryer transition ducts not more than six (6) feet (1,829 mm) in length may be used in connection with domestic dryer exhausts. Flexible clothes dryer transition ducts be concealed shall not within construction. 504.3.2.2 Length Limitation. Unless other- wise permitted or required by the dryer manufacturer's installation instructions and approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, domestic dryer moisture exhaust ducts shall not exceed a total combined horizontal and vertical length of fourteen (14) feet(4,263 mm), including two (2) 90 degree (1.57 rad) elbows. Two (2) feet (610 mm) shall be deducted for each 90 degree (1.57rad) elbow in excess of two. 504.3.3 Commercial Clothes Dryers. Commercial dryer exhaust ducts shall be installed in accordance with their listings. The installation of commercial clothes dryer exhaust ducts shall comply with the installation instructions.appliance manufacturer's 504.4 Heat(Energy)Recovery Ventilators. 504.4.1 Heat (energy)recovery ventilators shall be installed in accordance with their listings and comply installation instructions. Heat (energy) recovery ventilator ducts shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 6. with the appliance manufacturer's 504.5 Termination of Environmental Air Ducts. Environmental air duct exhaust shall terminate a minimum of three (3) feet (914 mm) from property line and three (3) feet (914 mm) from openings into the building. 504.6 Gypsum Wallboard Ducts. Bathroom and laundry room exhaust ducts may be of gypsum wall- board subject to the limitations of Section 602.1. 505.1 General. A mechanical ventilation or exhaust system shall be installed to control, capture, and remove emissions generated from product use or handling when required by the Building Code or Fire Code and when such emissions result in a hazard to life or property. The design of the system shall be such that the emissions are confined to the area in which they are generated by air currents, hoods, or enclosures and shall be exhausted by a duct system to a safe location or treated by removing contaminants. Ducts conveying explosives or flammable vapors, fumes, or dusts shall extend directly to the exterior of the building without entering other spaces and shall not extend into or through ducts and plenums. Exception: Ducts conveying vapor or fumes having flammable constituents less a or than 25 percent of their Lower Flammability Limit (LFL) may pass through other spaces.  505.1.1 Incompatible materials shall not be conveyed in the same system. 505.1.2 In systems conveying flammable vapors, gases, or mists, the concentration shall not exceed 25 percent of the lower flammability systems limit (LFL). Exception: Higher Concentrations shall be permitted if the exhaust system is designed and protected in accordance with NFPA 69- 2008 Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems on following techniques: (a) Combustible concentration reduction (b) (b) Oxidant concentration reduction (c) Deflagration suppression (d) Deflagration pressure Containment Separate and distinct systems shall be provided for incompatible materials. Contaminated air shall not be re-circulated to occupied areas unless contaminants have been Air contaminated flammable removed. with explosive fumes, or dusts; flammable or toxic gases; or radioactive material shall not be re- circulated. 505.2 Minimum Velocities and Circulation. The velocity and circulation of air in work areas shall be at the area where the emissions are generated duct system. such that contaminants are captured by an airstream and conveyed into a product conveying Mixtures within work areas where contaminants a. twenty-five (25) generated shall be diluted below lower percent of their lower explosive limit or lower flammability limit with air that does not contain other contaminants. The velocity of air within the duct shall be not less than set forth in Table 5-1. Systems for removal of vapors, gases, and smoke shall be designed by the constant velocity or equal friction methods. Systems conveying particulate matter shall be designed employing the Constant velocity method. Systems conveying explosive or radioactive materials shall be pre-balanced through duct sizing. Other systems may be designed with balancing devices such as dampers. Dampers provided to balance airflow shall be provided wiu securely fixed minimum position blocking devices0 prevent restricting flow below the required volume velocity. 505.3 Makeup Air. Makeup air shall be provided to replenish air exhausted by the ventilation system.Make up air intakes shall be located so as to as to avoid recirculation of contaminated air within enclosure 505.4 Hoods and Enclosures. Hoods and enclosures shall be used when contaminants originate in a concentrated area. The design of the hood or enclosure shall be such that air currents created bu the exhaust systems will capture the contaminants and transport them directly to the exhaust duct. The volume of air shall be sufficient to dilute explosive or flammable vapors, fumes, or dusts as set forth in Section 505.2. Hoods of steel shall have a base metal thickness not less than 0.027 inch (0.69 mm) (No. 22 gauge) for Class 1 and Class 5 metal duct systems; 0.033 inch (0.84 mm) (No. 20 gauge) for hoods serving a Class 2 duct system; 0.044 inch (1.12 mm)(No. 18 gauge) for hoods serving a Class 3 duct system; and 0.068 inch (1.73 mm) (No. 14 gauge) for hoods serving a Class 4 duct system. a Approved nonmetallic hoods and duct systems may be used for Class 5 corrosive systems when the corrosive mixture is nonflammable. Metal hoods used with Class 5 duct systems shall be protected with suitable corrosion resistant material. Edges of hoods shall be rounded. The minimum clearance between hoods and combustible construction shall be the clearance required by the duct system. Note: The velocity for aluminum and magnesium powder shall be not less than 4,000 feet per minute (20.3 m/s) 506.1 Materials. Materials used in product conveying duct systems shall be suitable for the intended use and shall be of metal. Exceptions: (1) Asbestos cement, concrete, clay, or ceramic materials may be used when it is shown that these (2) Ducts serving a Class 5 system may be constructed of approved nonmetallic material when the corrosive characteristics of the of material being conveyed make a metal system unsuitable and when the mixture being conveyed is nonflammable. Approved nonmetallic material shall be either a listed product having a flame spread index of twenty-five (25) or less and a smoke developed rating of fifty (50) or less on both inside and outside surfaces without evidence of continued progressive combustion, or shall have a flame spread index of twenty-five (25) or less and shall be installed with an automatic fire sprinkler protection system inside the duct.  (3) Ducts used in central vacuum cleaning systems within a dwelling unit shall be constructed of metals. Penetrations of firewalls or floor ceiling or roof ceiling assemblies shall comply with the Building Code. Copper or ferrous pipes or conduits extending from within the separation between garages and and dwelling unit to the central vacuuming unit may be used. Aluminum ducts shall not be used in systems conveying explosive dusts, nor in Class 2, 3, or 4 systems. Galvanized steel and aluminum ducts shall not be used when the temperature of the material being conveyed exceeds 400°F (205°C). Metal ducts used in Class 5 systems that are not flammable vapors, fumes, or resistant to the corrosiveness of the product shall be protected with appropriate corrosion resistant material. 506.2 Construction. Ducts used for conveying products shall be of substantial airtight construction and shall not have openings other than those required for operation and maintenance of the system. Ducts constructed of steel shall comply with Table 5-5 or 5- 6 Exceptions: (1) Class 1 operate at less than four (4) inches (102 mm) water column (995.6 Pa) negative product conveying ducts that pressure and convey noncorrosive, non- flammable, and non- explosive materials at temperatures not exceeding250°F (121°C) may be constructed in accordance with Tables 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5, 6-7, 6-8, or, With prior approval, UMC Standard No. 62. (2) Ducts used in central vacuuming systems within a dwelling unit shall be constructed of metals. Penetrations of fire resistive walls, or floor ceiling or roof ceiling assemblies shall comply with the Building Code. Copper or ferrous pipes or conduit extending from within the separation between a garage and dwelling unit to the central vacuum unit may be used.  The use of rectangular ducts conveying particulates shall be subject to approval of the building official. The design of rectangular ducts shall consider the adhesiveness and buildup of products being conveyed within the duct. Aluminum construction may be used in Class 1 duct systems only. The thickness of aluminum ducts shall be at least two (2) Brown and Sharpe gauges thicker than the gauges required for steel ducts set forth in Tables 5-5 and 5-6. 506.3 Fittings. Fittings in Class 2, 3, and 4 systems shall be not less than two gauges thicker than the thickness required for straight runs. Flexible metallic duct may be used for connecting duct work to vibrating equipment. Duct systems subject to wide temperature fluctuations shall be provided with expansion joints. Branches shall connect to main ducts at the large end of transitions at an angle not exceeding forty- five (45) degrees (0.79 radian). Except for ducts to used to convey non-corrosive vapors with no particulate, accessible cleanouts shall be provided at ten (10) foot (3,048 mm) intervals and at changes in direction. Access openings shall also be provided for access to sprinklers and other equipment within the duct that require servicing. 506.4 Explosion Venting. Ducts conveying explosive dusts shall have explosion vents, openings protected by ant flashback swing valves, or rupture diaphragms. Openings to relieve explosive forces shall be located outside the building.When relief devices cannot provide sufficient pressure relief, duct work shall be designed to withstand an internal pressure of not less than 100 pounds per square inch (689 kPa). If a room or building contains a dust explosion hazard that is external to protected equipment, as defined in 2.2.3.1 of NFPA 654, such areas shall be provided with deflagration venting to a safe outside location. 506.5 Supports. Spacing of supports for ducts shall not exceed twelve (12) feet (3,658 mm) for eight (8)inch (203 mm) ducts nor twenty (20) feet (6,096 mm)for larger ducts, unless justified by the design. 506.5.1 Duct supports shall be designed to carry the weight of the duct half filled with material. Where sprinkler protection is provided in the duct, the hanger's design shall include the weight of the duct half filled with water or with the material being conveyed, whichever has the higher density. Loads shall not be placed on connecting equipment. Exception: Where adequate drainage is provided, the weight of the water shall not require consideration. the 506.5.2 Hangers and supports exposed to corrosive atmospheres shall be Type 316 SS or equivalent. 506.5.3 To avoid vibration and stress on the duct, hangers and suppots shall be securely fastened to the building or structure. 506.5.4 Hangers and supports shall be designed to allow for expansion and contraction. [NFPA91:4.5.6] 506.6 Fire Protection. Sprinklers or other fire protection devices shall be installed within ducts having a cross-sectional dimension exceeding ten (10) inches (254 mm) when the duct conveys flammable vapors or fumes. Sprinklers shall be installed at twelve (12) foot (3,658 mm) intervals in horizontal ducts and at changes in direction. In vertical runs, sprinklers shall be installed at the top and at alternate floor levels. 506.7 Duct Clearances. 506.7.1 All ductwork and system Components handling combustible material and operating at less than 140°F (60°C) shall have a clearance of not less than eighteen (18) inches (457 mm) from construction or any combustible material. Exception No. 1 When the ductwork system is equipped with an approved automatic extinguishing system designed for thee specific hazard, the clearance shall be permitted to be reduced to six (6) inches (152 mm ) from combustible materials and 1/2 inch (13mm) from combustible construction Exception No. 2: When the combustible material and construction is protected by the se of materials or products listed for protection purposes or in accordance with Table 5-2. 506.7.1.1 Spacers and ties for protection materials shall be of noncombustible mate-rial and shall not be used directly behind the duct. 506.7.1.2 With all clearance reduction systems using a ventilated airspace, air circulation shall be provided as described in Table 5-2. There shall be at least one (1) inch (25 mm) between the wall protector and combustible walls and ceilings for clearance, reduction systems using a ventilated space. 506.7.1.3 Mineral wool batts (blanket or board) shall have a minimum density of eight (8) lb./ft. (3.6 kq/m) and have a minimum melting point of 1,500°F (816 oC).  506.7.1.4 Insulation board used as a part of a clearance reduction system shall have a thermal conductivity of 1 Btu in./ft. hr oF (0.14 W/m hr °C) or less. Insulation board shall be formed of noncombustible material. 2 2 506.7.1.5 There shall be at least one (1) inch (25 mm) between the duct and the wall protector. In no case shall the clearance between the duct and the wall surface be reduced below that shown in Table 5-2. 506.7.2 Duct systems operating at temperatures above 140F elevated (60°C) shall have clearances from combustible building construction or any combustible material of not less than eighteen (18) inch (457 mm). 506.7.3 Where clearance is reduced by using an airspace between the combustible wall and the wall protector, air circulation shall be provided by one of the following methods. 506.7.3.1 Air circulation shall be permitted to be provided by leaving all edges of the wall protector open with at least a one (1) inch (25 mm) air gap. 506.7.3.2 If the wall protector is mounted on a single flat wall away from corners, air circulation shall be permitted to be provided by one of the following: (1) Leaving top and bottom edges open to circulation by maintaining the one (1 )inch (25 mm) air gap. (2) Leaving top and both side edges open to circulation by maintaining the (1) inch(25 mm) air gap.  506.7.3.3 Wall protectors that cover two walls in a corner shall be permitted to be open at the top and bottom edges with at least a one (1) inch (25 mm) air gap. [NFPA 91:4.6.3.3] 506.8 Protection from Physical Damage. Ducts installed in locations where they are subject to physical damage shall be protected by suitable guards. 506.9 Exhaust Outlets. The termination point for exhaust ducts discharging to the atmosphere shall be not less than the following: 506.9.1 Ducts conveying explosive or flammable vapors, fumes, or dusts have exhaust outlets: thirty (30) feet (9,144 mm) from property line; ten (10) feet (3,048 mm) from openings into the building, six (6) feet (1,829 mm) from exterior walls or roofs; thirty (30) feet (9,144 mm) from combustible walls or openings into the building that are in the direction of the exhaust discharge; ten (10) feet (3,048 mm) above adjoining grade. 506.9.2 Other product conveying outlets: ten (10) feet (3,048 mm) from property line; three (3) feet (914 mm) from exterior wall or roof; ten (10) feet (3,048 mm) from openings into the building: ten (10) feet (3,048 mm) above adjoining grade. 507.1 Cooking equipment used in processes producing smoke or grease laden vapors shall be equipped with an exhaust system that complies with all the equipment and performance requirements of this standard, and all such equipment and performance shall be maintained according to this standard during all periods of operation of the cooking equipment. Specifically, the following equipment shall be kept in good working condition: (A) Cooking equipment (B) Hoods (C) Ducts (if applicable) (D) Fans (E) Fire suppression systems (F) Special effluent or energy control equipment All air flows shall be maintained. Maintenance repairs shall be performed on all components at intervals necessary to maintain these conditions. 507.1.1 Cooking equipment that has been listed in accordance with UL 197 or an equivalent standard for reduced emissions shall not be required to be provided with an exhaust system. [NFPA 96:4.1.1.1] 507.1.2 The listing evaluation of cooking equipment covered by Section 507.1.1 shall demonstrate that the grease discharge at the exhaust duct of a test hood placed over the appliance shall not exceed 5 mg/m when operated with a total airflow of 0.236 cubic meters per second (500 cfm). [NFPA 96:4.1.1.2] 507.1.3 The responsibility for inspection, maintenance, and cleanliness of the ventilation control and fire protection of the commercial cooking operations shall be the ultimate responsibility of the owner of the system provided that this responsibility has not been transferred in written form to a management company or other party. [NFPA 96:4.1.5] 507.1.4 All solid fuel cooking equipment shall comply with the requirements of Section 517.0. 507.1.5 Multiple tenancy applications shall require the concerted cooperation of design, installation, operation, and maintenance responsibilities by tenants and by the building owner. 507.1.6 All interior surfaces of the exhaust system shall be accessible for cleaning and inspection purposes. 507.1.7 Cooking equipment used in fixed, mobile, or temporary concessions, such as trucks, buses, trailers, pavilions, tents, or any form of roofed enclosure, shall comply with this standard unless all or part of the installation is exempted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction. 507.2 Clearance. 507.2.1 Where enclosures are not required, hoods, grease removal devices, exhaust fans, and ducts shall have a clearance of at least eighteen (18) inches (457 mm) to combustible material, three (3) inches (76 mm) to limited combustible material, and zero (0) inches (0 mm)to 96:4.2.1] noncombustible material. [NFPA 507.2.2 Where a hood, duct, or grease removal device is listed for clearances less than those required in 507.2.1, the listing requirements shall be permitted. [NFPA 96:4.2.2] 507.2.3 Clearance Reduction. 507.2.3.1 Where a clearance reduction system consisting of 0.013 in. (0.33 mm) (28gauge) sheet metal spaced out one (1) inch (25 mm) on noncombustible spacers is provided, there shall be a minimum of nine(9)inches(229mm) clearance to combustible material [NFPA 96:4.2.3.2]. 507.2.3.2 Where a clearance reduction system consisting of 0.027 in. (0.69 mm) (22gauge) sheet metal on one (1) inch (25 mm) mineral wool batts or ceramic fiber blanket reinforced with wire mesh or equivalent spaced out one (1) inch (25 mm) on noncombustible spacers is provided, there shall be a minimum of three (3) inches (76 mm) clearance to combustible material. [NFPA 96:4.2.3.2] 507.2.3.3 Zero clearance to limited combustible materials shall be permitted where protected by metal lath and plaster, tile, tile, other non- ceramic combustible materials quarry or assembly of noncombustible materials, or materials and products that are listed for the purpose of reducing clearance. [NFPA 96:4.2.3.31 507.2.4 Clearance Integrity. 507.2.4.1 In the event of damage, the mate rial or product shall be repaired restored to meet its intended listing or clearance requirements and shall be acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. [NFPA 96:4.2.4.1] 507.2.4.2 In the event of a fire within a kitchen exhaust system, the duct and its enclosure (rated shaft, factory built grease duct enclosure, or field applied grease duct enclosure) shall be inspected by qualified personnel to determine whether the duct and protection method sound, capable of maintaining their fire protection function, and in compliance with this standard for continued operation.[NFPA 96:4.2.4.2] 507.2.4.3 Protection shall be provided the wall from the bottom of the hood to the floor, or to the top of the non-combustible material extending to the floor, to the same level as 96:4.2.4.3] on required in 507.2.1. [NFPA96:4.2.4.3] 507.2.4.4 The protection methods for ducts to reduce clearance shall be applied to the limited combustible construction,not to the duct itself. [NFPA 96:4.2.4.4] 507.2.5 Factory built grease duct enclosures shall be protected with a through penetration fire stop system classified in accordance with ASTM E814 having an "F" and "T" rating equal to the fire resistance rating of the assembly being penetrated from the point at which the duct penetrates a ceiling, wall or floor o the outlet terminal, and the factory built grease die protection system shall be listed in accordance Resistive UL 2221, Standard for Tests of Fire Resistive Grease Duct Enclosure Assemblies and installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and the listing requirements. [NFPA 96:4.3.3,4.3.3.1, 4.3.3.2] 507.2.6 Field applied grease duct enclosures shall be protected with a through penetration fire stop system classified in accordance with ASTM E814 having an "F" and "T" rating equal to the fire resistance rating of the assembly being penetrated. The surface of the field fabricated grease duct shall be continuously covered on all sides from the point at which the duct enclosure penetrates a ceiling, wall or floor to the outlet terminal, accordance with ASTM E 2336 Standard Test Methods for Fire resistive Grease Duct Enclosure and listed in Systems, and installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and the listing requirements. [NFPA 96:4.3.1, 4.3.1.1,4.3.1.2] 507.2.7 Field applied grease duct enclosures and factory built duct enclosures shall demonstrate that they provide sufficient mechanical grease and structural integrity, resiliency, and stability when subjected to expected conditions, duct movement under general operating conditions, and duct movement due to fire conditions[NFPA 96:4.3.4] 507.2.7.2 Measures shalI be damage to any mater product used for the purpose of reducing clearances. Exception: When the duct is protected with a field applied greased duct enclosure or factory built grease duct enclosure 507.2.7.2 The specifications of material, gauge, and construction of the duct used in the testing and listing of field applied grease duct enclosures and factory built grease duct enclosures shall be minimum requirements in their listing and installation documentation. [NFPA 96:4.3.5] 507.2.7.3 The following clearance options for which field applied grease duct enclosures and factory built grease duct enclosures have been successfully evaluated shall be clearly identified in their listing and installation documentation and on their on label: [NFPA 96:4.3.6] (1) Open combustible clearance manufacturers requested dimensions NFPA 96:4.3.6(1)] (2) Closed combustible manufacturers requested dimensions, with or without specified ventilation. [NFPA96:4.3.6(2)] (3) Rated shaft clearance at manufacturers requested dimensions, with or without specified ventilation. [NFPA 96:4.3.6(3)] clearance at 507.2.8 A duct shall be permitted to contact noncombustible floors, interior walls, and other noncombustible structures or supports, but it shall not be in contact for more than fifty (50) percent of its surface area per each lineal foot of contact length. [NFPA 96:4.4.1] 507.2.8.1 Where duct contact must exceed the requirements of 507.2.8 the duct shall be protected from corrosion. [NFPA 96:4.4.2 507.2.8.2 Where the duct is listed for zero clearance to combustibles or otherwise protected with a material or product listed for the purpose of reducing clearance to zero, the duct shall be permitted to exceed the contact limits of 507.2.8 without additional corrosion protection. [NFPA 96:4.4.3] 507.2.9 Clearances between the duct and interior surfaces of enclosures shall meet the requirements of Section 507.2. 507.3 A drawing (s) of the exhaust system installation along with a copy of operating instructions for sub-assemblies and components used in the exhaust system, including electrical schematics, shall be available on the premises. 507.4 If required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, notification in writing shall be given of any alteration, replacement, or relocation of any exhaust or extinguishing system or part thereof or cooking equipment. Satisfaction shall be provided to the Authority Having Jurisdiction that the complete exhaust system as addressed in this standard is installed and operable in accordance with the approved design and the manufacturer's instructions. 508.0 Where Required. Hoods shall be installed at or above all commercial type deep fat fryers, broilers, fry grills, steam jacketed kettles, hot top ranges, ovens, barbecues, rotisseries, dish-washing machines, and similar equipment that produces comparable amounts of steam, smoke, grease, or heat in a food processing establishment shall include any building or portion thereof used for the processing of food, but shall not include a dwelling unit. 508.1.1 Construction. The hood or that portion of a primary collection means designed for collecting cooking vapors and residues shall be constructed of and be supported by steel not less than 0.043 inch (1.09 mm) (No. 18 MSG) in thickness, stainless steel not less than 0.037 inch (0.94 mm) (No. 20 MSG) in thickness, or other approved material of equivalent strength and fire and corrosion resistance. for Exceptions: 1. Listed exhaust hoods with or without exhaust dampers. 2. Type ll hoods shall be constructed of at least 0.024 inch (0.61 mm) (No. 24 gauge copper shall be of copper sheets weighing at least twenty-four (24) ounces steel. Hoods constructed of per square foot (7.32 kg/m ). Joints and seams shall be substantially tight. Solder shall not be used except for sealing a joint or seam. All hoods shall be secured in place by noncombustible supports. \ 508.1.2 Wall mounted exhaust hood assemblies shall be tight fitting against the back wall as to not permit passage of grease vapor behind the hood, or between the back wall and the hood assembly. [NFPA 96:5.1.13] 508.2 All seams, joints, and penetrations of the hood enclosure that direct and capture grease laden vapors and exhaust gases shall have a liquid tight continuous external weld to the hood's lower outer- most perimeter. [NFPA 96:5.1.2] 508.2.1 Seams, joints, and penetrations of the hood shall be permitted to be internally welded, provided that the weld is formed smooth or ground smooth, so as to not trap grease, and is cleanable. [NFPA 96:5.1.3]] 508.2.2 Internal hood joints, seams, filter support frames, and appurtenances attached inside the hood shall be sealed or otherwise made grease tight. [NFPA 96:5.1.4] 508.2.3 Penetrations shall be permitted to be sealed by devices that are listed for such use and whose presence does not detract from the hoods or duct's structural integrity. [NFPA 96:5.1.5] 508.2.4 Listed exhaust hoods with or without to exhaust dampers shall be permitted to be constructed of materials required by the listing.[NFPA 96:5.1.6] 508.2.5 Listed exhaust hoods with or without exhaust dampers shall be permitted to be assembled in accordance with the listing requirements. [NFPA 96:5.1.71 508.2.6 Eyebrow type hoods over gas or electric ovens shall be permitted to have a duct constructed as required in Section 510.0 from the oven flue(s) connected to the hood canopy upstream of the exhaust plenum as shown in Figure 51. [NFPA 96:5.1.8.1] 508.2.7 The duct connecting the oven flue(s) to the hood canopy shall be connected with a continuous weld or have a duct to duct connection. [See Figure 5-6 (a) through Figure 5-6 (d)] [NFPA 96:5.1.8.2] 508.2.8 Insulation materials other than electrical insulation shall have a flame spread rating of 25 or less when tested in accordance with UL 723. [NFPA 96:5.1.9] 508.2.9. Adhesives or cements used in the installation of insulating materials shall comply with the requirements of 508.2.8, when tested with the specific insulating material. [NFPA 96:5.1.10 508.2.10 Penetrations shall be sealed with listed devices in accordance with the requirements of 508.2.11. [NFPA 96:5.1.11] 508.2.11 Devices that require penetration of the hood, such as pipe and conduit penetration fittings and fasteners, shall be listed in accordance with UL 1978. [NFPA 96:5.1.12] Figure5 1- 508.4 508.3 Insulation materials other than electrical insulation shall have a flame spread rating of twenty-five (25) or less when tested in accordance with UL 723, Standard for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials. Adhesives or cements used in the installation of insulating materials shall comply with the preceding requirements when tested with the specific insulating material. 508.4 Hood Size. Hoods shall be sized according to the following calculations and configured to provide for the capture and removal of grease laden vapors. (See Section 511.2.3) 508.4.1 Canopy Size canopy type commercial cooking hoods, the inside edge thereof shall overhang or extend a horizontal distance of not less than six (6 )inches(152 mm) beyond the edge of the cooking surface on all open sides, and the vertical distance between the lip of the hood and the cooking surface shall not exceed four (4) feet (1,219 mm). Exception: Listed exhaust hoods are to be installed in accordance with the terms of their listings and the manufacturer's installation instructions. 508.4.1.1 Capacity of Hoods. Canopy type commercial cooking hoods shall exhaust through the hood a minimum quantity of air determined by application of the following formulas: Where: A = the horizontal surface area of the hood, in square feet (m2). P = that part of the perimeter of the hood that is open, in feet (mm). D = distance in feet (mm) between the lower lip of the hood and the cooking surface. Q= quantity of air, in cubic feet per minute (L/s).  When cooking equipment is installed back to back and is covered by a common island type hood, the airflow required maybe calculated using the formula for three sides exposed. Type l hood airflow requirements shall be in accordance with the requirements for low temperature appliance hoods. 508.4.1.2 The minimum airflow for solid fuel cooking equipment, grease burning char broilers, and undefined equipment shall be: Number of Exposed Sides Formula 4 (island or central hood) Q = 300A, 3 or less Q = 200A Alternate formula Q = 100PD 508.4.1.3 Type I hoods when the cooking equipment includes high temperature appliances such as deep fat fryers:  Number of Exposed Sides Formula 4 (island or central hood) Q = 75A, 3 or less Q= 50A Alternate formula Q= 50FPD Exception: Listed exhaust hoods are to be installed in accordance with the terms of their listing and installation instructions. the manufacturer's 508.4.2 Capacity for Non-canopy Hoods. In addition to all other requirements for hoods specified in this section, the volume of air exhausting through a non-canopy exhaust hoods and filters shall be sized and installed in accordance with the term of their listing and the manufacturer's installation instruction. Exception designed and installed specifically for the intended use Listed hood assemblies  4 (island or central hood) Q = 300A , 3 or less Q = 200A, Alternate formula Q = 100PD 508.4.1.4 Type I hoods where the cooking equipment includes medium temperature appliances such as rotisseries, grills, and ranges. 508.4.1.5 Type I hoods where the cooking equipment includes low temperature appliances such as medium to low temperature ranges, roasters, roasting ovens, pastry Ovens, and equipment approved for use under a Type ll hood, such as pizza ovens:  Number of Exposed Sides Formula 4 (island or central hood) Q = 75A, 3 or less Q= 50A Alternate formula Q= 50FPD Exception: Listed exhaust hoods are to be installed in accordance with the terms of their listing and installation instructions. the manufacturer’s 508.4.2 Capacity for Non-canopy Hoods. In addition to all other requirements for hoods specified in this section, the volume of air exhausting through a non-canopy exhaust hoods and filters shall be sized and installed in accordance with the term of their listing and the manufacturer's installation instruction. Exception designed and installed specifically for the intended use Listed hood assemblies 508.5 Exhaust Hood Assemblies with Integrated Supply Air Plenums. 508.5.1 The construction and size of exhaust hood assemblies with integrated supply air plenums shall comply with the requirements of Sections 508.1 and 508.4. [NFPA 96:5.3.1] 508.5.2 The construction of the outer shell or the inner exhaust shell shall comply with Section 508.1. [NFPA 96:5.3.2] 508.5.3 Where the outer shell is welded, the inner shell shall be of grease tight construction. [NFPA 96:5.3.3] 508.5.4 Fire Dampers. 508.5.4.1 A fire actuated damper shall be installed in the supply air plenum at each point where a supply air duct inlet or a supply air outlet penetrates the continuously welded shell of the assembly. [NFPA 96:5.3.4.1] 508.5.4.2 The fire damper shall be listed for such use or be part of a listed exhaust hood with or without exhaust damper. [NFPA 96:5.3.4.2] 508.5.4.3 The actuation device shall have a maximum temperature rating of 141C (286F). [NFPA 96:5.3.4.3]  508.5.5 Supply air plenums that discharge air from the face rather than from the bottom or into the exhaust hood and that are isolated from the exhaust hood by the continuously welded shell extending to the lower outermost perimeter of the entire hood assembly shall not require a fire actuated damper. [NFPA 96:5.3.4.4] 508.6 Listed Hood Assemblies. Listed hood assemblies shall be installed in accordance with the terms of their listing and the manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA 96:5.4.1] Listed hood assemblies shall be tested in accordance with UL 710 or equivalent. [NFPA 96:5.4.2] 508.7 Solid Fuel Hood Assemblies. Where solid fuel cooking equipment is to be used, the solid fuel hood assembly shall comply with Section 517.0. 508.8 Listed Ultraviolet Hoods. Listed ultraviolet hoods shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the terms of their listing and the manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA 96:5.5] 508.9Exhaust Outlets. An exhaust outlet within an unlisted hood shall be located so as to optimize the capture of particulate matter. Each outlet shall serve not more than a twelve (12) foot (3,658 mm) section of an unlisted hood. 509.1 Grease Removal Devices. Listed grease filters, baffles, or other approved grease removal devices for use with commercial cooking equipment shall be provided. Listed grease filters shall be tested in accordance with UL 1046, Grease Filters for Exhaust Ducts. Mesh filters shall not be used. 509.2 Installation. 509.2.1 The distance between the grease removal device and the cooking surface shall be as great as possible but not less than eighteen (18) inches (457 mm). [NFPA 96:6.2.1.1] 509.2.2 Where grease removal devices are used in conjunction with charcoal or charcoal type broilers, including gas or electrically heated char broilers, a minimum vertical distance of four (4) feet (1,219 mm) shall be maintained between the lower edge of the grease removal device and the cooking surface. [NFPA 96:6.2.1.2] Exception No. 1: Grease removal devices supplied as part of listed hood assemblies shall be installed in accordance with the terms of the listing and the manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA 96:6.2.1.5] Exception No. 2: For cooking equipment without exposed flame and where flue gases bypass grease removal devices, the minimum vertical distance shall be permitted to be reduced to not less than six (6) inches (152 mm). [NFPA 96:6.2.1.3] Exception No. 3: Where a grease removal device is listed for separation distances less than those required in 509.2.1 and 509.2.2, the listing requirements shall be permitted. [NFPA 96:6.2.1.4] 509.2.3 Grease Removal Device Protection. Grease removal devices shall be protected from combustion gas outlets and from direct flame impingement occurring during normal operation of cooking appliances producing high flue gas temperatures, such as deep fat fryers or upright or high broilers (salamander broilers), where the distance between the grease removal device and the appliance flue outlet (heat source) is less than eighteen (18) inches (457mm). [NFPA 96:6.2.2.1] 509.2.3.1 This protection shall be permitted to be accomplished by the 509.2.3.1 This protection shall be permitted to be accomplished by the installation of a steel or stainless steel baffle plate between the heat source and the grease removal device. [NFPA 96:6.2.2.2] 509.2.3.2 The baffle plate shall be sized and located so that flames or combustion gases shall travel a distance not less eighteen (18) inches (457 mm) from the heat source to the grease 96:6.2.2.3] than removal device. [NFPA 509.2.3.3 The baffle shall be located not less than six (6) inches (152 mm) from the grease removal devices. [NFPA 96:6.2.2.41 509.2.4 Grease Filters. Grease filters shall be listed and constructed of steel or listed equivalent material and shall be of rigid construction that will not distort or crush under normal operation, handling, and cleaning conditions. [NFPA 96:6.2.3.1 and 6.2.3.2] 509.2.4.1 Filters shall be tight fitting and firmly held in place and grease filters shall be arranged so that all exhaust air passes through the grease filters. [NFPA 96:6.2.3.3] 509.2.4.2 Filters shall be easily accessible cleaning. [NFPA and removable for 96:6.2.3.4] 509.2.4.3 Filters shall be installed at an angle not less than forty-five (45) degrees from the horizontal. [NFPA 96:6.2.3.5] 509.2.5 Grease Drip Trays. Filters shall be equipped with a drip tray beneath their lower edges. [NFPA 96:6.2.4.11 509.2.5.1 The tray shall be kept to the minimum size needed to collect grease and shall be pitched to drain into an enclosed metal container having a capacity not exceeding one (1) gallon (3.785 L) [NFPA 96:6.2.4.2, and 6.2.4.3].  509.2.6 Grease Filter Orientation. filters that require a specific orientation to drain grease shall be clearly so designated, or the hood shall be constructed so that filters cannot be installed in the wrong orientation. [NFPA 96:6.2.5] Grease 509.3 Solid Fuel Grease Removal Devices. Where solid fuel cooking equipment is provided with grease removal devices, these devices shall comply with Section 517.0. 510.1 General. 510.1.1 Ducts shall not pass through fire walls or fire partitions. 510.1.2 All ducts shall lead as directly as is practicable to the exterior of the building, so as not to unduly increase any fire hazard. 510.1.3 Duct shall systems with not be interconnected any other building ventilation or exhaust system. 510.1.4 All ducts shall be installed without forming dips or traps that might collect residues. In manifold (common duct) systems, the lowest end of the main duct shall be connected flush on the bottom with the branch duct. Duct systems serving a Type 1 hood shall be so constructed and installed that grease cannot become pocketed in any portion thereof, and the system shall slope not less than 1/4 inch per lineal foot (21mm/m) toward the hood or toward an approved grease reservoir. Where horizontal ducts exceed seventy-five (75) feet (22,860 mm in length, the slope shall be not less than one (1)inch per lineal foot (83 mm/mm). 510.1.5 Openings required for accessibility shall comply with Section 510.3. 510.1.6 A sign shall be placed on all access panels stating the following: ACCESS PANEL DO NOT OBSTRUCT 510.1.7 Duct bracing and supports shall be of noncombustible material, securely attached to the structure and designed to carry gravity and lateral loads within the stress limitations of the Building Code. Bolts, screws, rivets, and other mechanical fasteners shall not penetrate duct walls. 510.1.8 Ducts, Non-Grease. Ducts and plenums serving Type I hoods shall be constructed of rigid metallic materials as set forth in Chapter 6. Duct bracing and supports shall comply with Chapter 6. Ducts subject to positive pressure shall be adequately sealed. 510.2 Clearance. 510.2.1 Clearance between ducts and combustible materials shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of Section 507.2.  510.2.2 Listed grease ducts shall be installed in accordance with the terms of their listings and manufacturers' instructions. 510.2 Openings. 510.3.1 Openings shall be provided at the sides or at the top of the duct, whichever is more accessible, Openings shall be protected by approved access panels that comply with section 510.3.4.5. and at changes of direction.  Exception: Openings shall not be required in portions of the duct that are accessible from the duct entry or discharge. 510.3.2 For hoods with dampers in the exhaust or supply collar, an access panel for cleaning and inspection shall be provided in the duct or the hood collar. This access panel shall be as close to the hood as possible but shall not exceed eighteen (18) inches (457 mm). Exception: Dampers that is accessible from under the hood. 510.3.3 Exhaust fans with ductwork connected to both sides shall have access for cleaning and inspection within three (3) feet (914 mm) of each side of the fan. [NFPA 96:7.3.7] 510.3.4 Openings in Ducts. Openings shall conform to Sections 510.3.4.1 through 510.3.4.5. [NFPA 96:7.4] 510.3.4.1 Horizontal Ducts. On horizontal ducts, at least one 20 inch by 20 inch (508 mm x 508 mm) opening shall be provided for personnel entry. [NFPA 96:7.4.1.1] 510.3.4.1.1 Horizontal ducting shall secured sufficiently to allow for the weight of personnel entry into the duct. Where an opening of this size is not possible, openings large enough to permit thorough cleaning shall be provided at twelve (12) feet (3,658 mm) intervals. [NFPA 96:7.4.1.2] 510.3.4.1.2 Openings on horizontal grease duct systems shall be provided with safe access and a work platform when not easily accessible from a 10 feet (3 m) stepladder. [NFPA 96:7.4.1.3] 510.3.4.1.4 Support systems for horizontal grease duct systems twenty-four (24) inches (609 mm) and larger in any cross-sectional dimension shall be designed for the weight of the duct work plus 363 kg (800 lb) at any point in the duct systems. [NFPA 96:7.4.1.4] the opening shall be not less than 11/2 inch 510.3.4.2 On non-listed duct work, the edge of the opening shall be not less than 11/2 inch (38.1 mm) from all outside edges of the duct or welded seams. [NFPA 96:7.4.1.5] 510.4 Listed Grease Ducts. Listed grease ducts shall be installed in accordance with the terms of the listing and the manufacturer's instructions. 510.5 Other Grease Ducts. Other grease ducts shall comply with the requirements of this section. 510.5.1 Materials. Ducts shall be constructed of and supported by carbon steel not less than 0.054 inch (1.37 mm) (No. 16 MSG) in thickness or stainless steel not less than 0.043 inch (1.09 mm) (No. 18 MSG) in thickness. 510.5.2 Installation. 510.5.2 All seams, joints, penetrations, and duct to hood collar connections shall have a liquid tight continuous external weld. Exception No. 1: Duct to hood collar connections as shown in Figure 52 shall be permitted. Exception No. 2: Penetrations shall be permitted to be sealed by other listed devices that are tested to be grease tight and are evaluated under the same conditions of fire severity as the hood or enclosure of listed grease extractors and whose presence does not detract from the hood's or duct's structural integrity. Exception No.3: Internal welding shall be permitted, provided the joint is formed or ground smooth and is readily accessible for inspection. 510.6 Exterior Installations. 510.6.1 The exterior portion of the duct work shall be vertical wherever possible and shall be installed and adequately Supported on the exterior of a building. Bolts, screws,rivets, and other mechanical fasteners shall not penetrate duct walls. Clearance of any ducts shall comply with Section 507.2. 510.6.2 All ducts shall be protected on the exterior by paint or other suitable weather protective coating or shall be constructed o non-corrosive stainless steel Duct work subject to corrosion shall have minimal contact with the building surface. 510.6.1 The exterior portion of the duct work shall be vertical wherever possible and shall be installed and adequately Supported on the exterior of a building. Bolts, screws,rivets, and other mechanical fasteners shall not penetrate duct walls. Clearance of any ducts shall comply with Section 507.2. 510.6.2 All ducts shall be protected on the exterior by paint or other suitable weather protective coating or shall be constructed o non-corrosive stainless steel Duct work subject to corrosion shall have minimal contact with the building surface. 510.7 Interior Installations. 510.7.1 In all buildings more than one story in height, and in one-story buildings where the roof ceiling assembly is required to have a fire resistance rating, the ducts shall be enclosed in a continuous enclosure extending from the lowest fire rated ceiling or floor above the hood,through any concealed spaces, to or through the roof so as to maintain the integrity of the fire separations required by the applicable Building Code provisions. The enclosure shall be sealed around the duct at the point of penetration of the lowest fire rated ceiling or floor above the hood in order to maintain the fire resistance rating of the enclosure and shall be vented to the exterior of the building through weather protected openings. Exception: The Continuous enclosure provisions shall not be required where a field applied grease duct enclosure or a factory built grease duct enclosure (see Section 507.2.3) is protected with a listed duct through penetration protection system equivalent to the fire resistance rating of the assembly being penetrated, and the materials are installed in accordance with the conditions of their listings and the instructions manufacturers to and are acceptable Jurisdiction. the Authority Having 510.7.2 The enclosure required in Section 510.7.1 shall conforms to Sections 510.7.2.1 through 510.7.2.3. 510.7.2.1 If the building is less than four stories in height, the enclosure wall shall have a fire resistance rating of not less than one (1) hour. 510.7.2.2 If the building is four stories or more in height, the enclosure wall shall have a fire resistance rating of not less than two (2) hours. 510.7.2.3 NClearance from the duct or the exhaust fan to the interior surface of enclosures of combustible construction shall be not less than eighteen (18) inches (457 mm), and clearance from the duct to the interiorsurface o enclosures or of noncombustible or combustible construction shall be not less than six (6) inches (152 mm). Provisions for reducing clearances as described in Section 507.2 are not applicable to enclosures.  Exception:Clearance surfaces of field applied grease duct enclosures and factory built grease duct enclosures to the interior surfaces of construction installed around them shall be permitted to be reduced where the field applied grease duct enclosure materials and the factory built grease duct enclosures are installed in accordance with the conditions from the outer of of their listings and the manufacturers' instructions and are acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction. 510.7.3 For field applied grease duct enclosures and factory built grease duct enclosures, the materials and products shall conform to Sections 510.7.3.1 through 510.7.3.3. 510.7.3.1 Field applied grease duct enclosures and factory built grease duct enclosures shall demonstrate that they provide sufficient mechanical and structural and stability when integrity, resiliency,subjected to expect building environmental conditions, duct movement under general operating conditions, and duct movement due to interior and exterior fire conditions 510.7.3.2 Measures prevent physical damage to any covering or enclosure material. Any damage to the covering or enclosure shall be repaired and the covering or enclosure restored to meet its intended listing and fire resistive rating and to be acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction. 510.7.3 In the event of a fire within a kitchen exhaust system, the duct, the enclosure, or the covering directly applied to the duct shall be inspected by qualified personnel to determine whether the duct, the enclosure, and the covering directly applied to the duct are structurally sound, capable of maintaining their fire protection functions, suitable for continued operation, and acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction.  510.7.4 For listed grease ducts, see Section 510.4 510.7.5 If openings in the enclosure walls are provided, they shall be protected by approved self- closing fire doors of proper rating. Fire doors shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows. Openings on other listed materials or products shall be clearly identified and labeled according to the terms of the listing and the manufacturer's instructions and shall be accept- able to the Authority Having Jurisdiction. The panels shall be readily accessible. 510.7.6 Each duct system shall constitute an individual system serving only exhaust hoods in one fire zone on one floor. Multiple ducts shall not be permitted in a single enclosure unless acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction. 510.8 Termination of Exhaust System. 510.8 Termination of Exhaust System. 510.8.1 The exhaust system shall terminate as follows: (A) Outside the building with a fan or duct. (B) Through the roof, or to the roof from outside, as in Section 510.8.2, or through a wall, as in Section 510.8.3. 510.8.2 Rooftop Terminations. 510.8.2.1 Rooftop terminations shall be arranged with or provided with the following a minimum of ten (10) feet (3,048 mm)of clearance from the outlet to adjacent buildings, property lines, and air intakes. Where space limitations absolutely prevent a ten (10) foot (3,048 mm) horizontal separation from an air intake, a vertical separation shall be permitted, with the exhaust outlet being a minimum of three (3) feet (914 mm)above any air intake located within ten(10) feet (3,048 mm) horizontally. (B) The exhaust flow directed up and away from the surface of the roof and a minimum of forty (40) inches (1,016mm) above the roof surface. The ability to drain grease out of any (C) traps or low points formed in the fan or duct near the termination of the system into a collection container that is noncombustible,structurally sound for the service to which itis applied, and will not sustain combustion. A grease collection device that is applied to exhaust systems shall not inhibit the performance of any fan. closed, rainproof,  Exception: that are evaluated for equivalency with the preceding requirements Grease container and listed as such. (D) A listed grease duct complying with Section 510.4, or with duct work complying with Section 510.5. (E) A hinged up-blast fan supplied with flexible weatherproof electrical cable and service hold open retainer to permit proper inspection and cleaning that is listed for commercial cooking equipment, provided the duct work extends a minimum of eighteen (18) inches (457mm) above the roof surface and the fan discharges a minimum of forty (40) inches (1,016 mm) above the roof surface.(See Section 511.1.1.) (F) Other approved fan, provided (1) it the meets requirements of Sections510.8.2(C) and 511.1.3, and (2) its discharge or its extended duct discharge meets the requirements of Section 510.8.2(B). 510.8.2.2 Listed flexible connectors may be used on exterior roof locations when required for proper equipment vibration isolation. 510.8.2.2 Listed flexible connectors may be used on exterior roof locations when required for proper equipment vibration isolation. 510.8.2.3 Fans shall be provided with safe access and a work surface for inspection and cleaning. [NFPA 96:7.8.2.2] 510.8.3 Wall Terminations. 510.8.3.1 Wall terminations shall be arranged with or provided with the following properties: (A) Through a noncombustible wall with a minimum of ten (10) feet (3,048 mm) of clearance from the outlet to adjacent buildings, property lines, grade level, combustible construction, or electrical equipment or lines, and thee closest point of any air intake or operable door or window at or below the plane of the exhaust termination.The closest point of any air intake or operable door or window above the plane of the exhaust termination shall be a minimum of ten (10) feet (3,048 mm) distant, plus 0.25 feet (0.076m) for each one (1) degree from horizontal, the angle of degree being measured from the center of the exhaust termination to the center of the air intake window.(See Figure 5-4.) or operable door or  Exception: A wall termination in a secured area can be at a lower height above grade if acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction. (B) The exhaust flow directed perpendicularly outward from the wall face or upward.(C) All the duct work pitched to drain the grease back into the hood(s), or with a drain provided to bring the grease back into a container within the building or into a remote grease trap. (D) A listed grease duct complying with Section 510.4 or other ducts complying with Section 510.5. with (E) An approved fan provided it meets the requirements of Sections 510.8.3.1(C) and 511.1.1 or 511.1.3. 510.9 Solid Fuel Duct Systems. Where solid fuel cooking equipment is to be vented, the duct system shall comply with Section 517.0. 511.1. Exhaust Fans for Commercial Cooking Equipment. Where solid fuel cooking equipment is to be vented, the duct system shall comply with Section 517.0. 511.1.1 Approved up blast fans with motors surrounded by the airstream shall be hinged, supplied with flexible weatherproof electrical cable and service hold open retainers, and listed for this use. (See Figure 5-5.) Installation shall conform to the requirements of Section 510.8. 511.1.2 In-Line Exhaust Fans. 511.1.2.1 Inline fans shall be of the type with the motor located outside the airstream and with belts and pulleys protected from the airstream by a grease tight housing. They shall be connected to the exhaust duct by flanges securely bolted as shown in by Figures56 (a) -56 (d), or by a system specifically listed for such use. Flexible connectors shall not be used. [NFPA 96:8.1.2.1 -8.1.2.3]  511.1.2.2 If the design or positioning of the fan allows grease to be trapped, a drain directed to a readily accessible and visible grease receptacle, not exceeding one (1) gallon (3.8 L), shall be provided. Inline exhaust fans shall be located in an easily accessible area of adequate size to allow for service or removal. If the duct system connected to the fan is in an enclosure, the space or room in which the exhaust fan is located shall have the same fire resistance rating as the enclosure. [NFPA 96:8.1.2.4-8.1.2.6] 511.1.3 Utility set exhaust fans, if installed at the rooftop termination point, shall meet the requirements of Sections 510.8.2.1(A) and Section 510.8.2.3. If the fan is installed within the building, it shall be located in an easily accessible area of adequate size to allow for service or removal. If the duct system connected to the fan is in an enclosure, the space or room in which the exhaust fan is located shall have the same fire resistance rating as the enclosure. The fan shall be connected to the exhaust duct by flanges securely bolted as shown in Figures 56 (a) through 56 (d) or by a system specifically listed for such use. Flexible connectors shall not be used. Exhaust fans shall have a drain directed to a readily accessible and visible grease receptacle not to exceed one (1) gallon (3.8 L). [NFPA 96:8.1.3.1 8.1.3.6] 511.1.4 Exhaust fan housings shall be constructed of carbon steel not less than 0.054 inch (1.37 mm) (No. 16 MSG) in thickness or stainless steel not less than 0.043 inch (1.09 mm)(No.18 MSG)in thickness or,if listed, constructed in accordance with the terms of the listing. [NFPA 96:8.1.4] 511.1.5 Openings for cleaning, servicing, and inspection shall conform to the requirements of Section 510.3.3.Clearances shall conform to the requirements of Sections 507.2, or 510.7.2.3 if installed within an enclosure. 511.1.6 All wiring and electrical equipment shall comply with NFPA 70, National Electrical Code. 511.2 Airflow. 511.2.1 The air velocity through any duct shall be not less than 500 feet per minute (152.4 meters per minute). [NFPA 96:8.2.1.1] Exception: Transition duct sections shall be permitted to be connected to hoods and exhaust fans that do not meet this velocity, provided that they do not exceed three (3) feet (914 mm) in length and do not contain traps for grease. 511.2.2 Transition duct sections that do not exceed three (3) feet (914 mm) in length and do not contain grease traps shall be permitted to be Connected to hoods and exhaust fans that do not meet this velocity NFPA 96:8.2.1.2] 511.2.3 Exhaust air volumes for hoods shall be of sufficient level to provide for capture and removal of grease laden cooking vapors. Test data, performance acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction, or both, shall be provided, displayed, or both, upon request. [NFPA 96:8.2.2.1, 8.2.2.2]  Exception: Lower exhaust air volumes shall be permitted during no-load cooking conditions provided they are sufficient to capture and remove flue gases and residual vapors from cooking equipment. 511.2.4 A hood exhaust fan(s)shall continue to operate after the extinguishing system has been activated, unless fan shutdown is required by a listed component of the ventilation system or by the design of the extinguishing system. It shall not be required to restart the hood exhaust fan when the extinguishing system is activated if the exhaust fan and all cooking equipment served by the fan had previously been shut down. The hood exhaust fan shall not be required to start upon activation of the extinguishing system if the exhaust fan and all cooking equipment served by by the fan have previously been shutdown. NFPA 96:8.2.3.1 8.2.3.21 511.3 Replacement Air. Replacement air quantity shall be adequate to prevent negative pressures in the commercial cooking area(s) from exceeding 0.02 inch water column (4.98 kPa). When its fire extinguishing supplied internally to a hood shall be shut off. [NFPA 96:8.3.1 8.3.2] Exception: Compensating hoods shall meet the airflow requirements specified in Sections 508.4.1.3 system discharges, makeup air through 508.4.1.5. Compensating hoods shall extract at least 20 percent of their required exhaust air flow from the kitchen area. 511.4 Common Duct (Manifold) Systems. 511.4.1 Master kitchen exhaust ducts that serve multiple tenants shall include provision to bleed air from outdoors or from adjacent spaces into the master exhaust duct where required to maintain the necessary minimum air velocity in the master exhaust duct. [NFPA 96:8.4.1]1 511.4.2 The bleed air ducts shall connect to the top or side of the master [NFPA96:8.4.2] exhaust duct. 511.4.3 The bleed air duct shall have a fire damper at least twelve (12) inches (305 mm) from the exhaust duct Connection. [NFPA 96:8.4.3] 511.4.4 The bleed air duct shall have the same construction and clearance requirements as the main exhaust duct from the connection to the exhaust duct to at least twelve (12) inches (305mm) on both sides of the fire damper. [NFPA96:8.4.4] 511.4.5 Each bleed air duct shall have a means of adjusting (e.g., using volume dampers) the bleed air quantity. [NFPA 96:8.4.5] 511.4.6 Such means to adjust the bleed air quality shall be installed in between the fire damper and the source of bleed air. [NFPA 96:8.4.6] 511.4.7 A bleed air duct shall not be used for the exhaust of grease laden vapors and shall be so labeled. [NFPA 96:8.4.7] 511.4.8 Unused tenant exhaust connections to the master exhaust duct that are not used as bleed air connections shall be disconnected and sealed at the main duct. [NFPA 96:8.4.8] 511.5 Solid Fuel Air Movement Requirements. Where solid fuel cooking equipment is used, exhaust and replacement air also shall comply with Section 517.0. 512.1 Dampers. Dampers shall not be installed in exhaust exhaust ducts duct systems. Or [NFPA96:9.1.1] 512.1.1 Where specifically listed for such use or where required as part of a listed device or system, dampers in exhaust ducts or exhaust duct systems shall be permitted. or [NFPA 96:9.1.2] 512.2 Electrical Equipment. 512.2.1 Wiring systems of any type shall not be installed in ducts. [NFPA 96:9.2.1] 512.2.2 Only where specifically listed for such use shall motors, lights, and other electrical devices be permitted to be installed in ducts or hoods or located in the path of travel of exhaust products. [NFPA 96:9.2.21 512.2.3 Lighting units on hoods shall not be located in concealed spaces. be 512.2.4 Lighting units shall be permitted in concealed spaces where such units are part of a listed exhaust hood. [NFPA 96:9.2.3.3] 12.2.2.5 Listed lighting units specifically listed for 8uch u8e and installed in accordance with the terms of the listing shall be permitted to be installed in concealed spaces. [NFPA 96:9.2.3.4]  512.2.6 All electrical equipment installed in accordance with NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, with due regard to the effects of heat, vapor, and grease on the equipment. 512.3 Other Equipment. 512.3.1 Fume incinerators, thermal recovery units, air pollution control devices, or other devices shall be permitted to be installed inducts or hoods or located in the path of travel of exhaust products where specifically approved for such use. Downgrading other parts of the exhaust system due to the installation of these approved devices, whether listed or not, shall not be allowed. [NFPA 96:9.3.1 9.3.2] 512.3.2 Any equipment, listed or otherwise, that provides secondary filtration or air pollution control and that is installed in the path of travel of exhaust products shall be provided with an approved automatic fire extinguishing system for the protection of the component sections of the equipment and shall include protection of the duct work downstream of the equipment,whether or not the equipment is provided with a damper. Filter media used in secondary filtration or air pollution control units and not complying with Section 509.2.4 shall have fire protection that is adequate for the filter media being used in accordance with the fire extinguishing system manufacturer's instructions. If the equipment can be a source of ignition, it shall be provided with appropriate detection to operate the fire extinguishing system. [NFPA 96:9.3.3, 9.3.3.1,9.3.4] 512.3.3 Where a cooking exhaust system employs an air pollution control device that re- circulates air into the building, the provisions of Section 516.0 shall apply. [NFPA 96:9.3.5] 512.4 Solid Fuel Auxiliary Equipment. Where solid fuel cooking comprises any part of a cooking opera tion, described in Section 517.0 shall be used where required. additional provisions and equipment as  513.1 General Requirements. 513.1.1 Fire extinguishing equipment for the protection of grease removal devices,hood exhaust plenums, and exhaust duct systems shall be provided. [NFPA 96:10.1.1] 513.1.2 Cooking equipment that produces grease laden vapors (such as, but not limited to, deep fat fryers, ranges, griddles, broilers, woks, tilting skillets, and braising pans) shall be protected equipment. [NFPA 96:10.1.2] by fire extinguishing 513.2 Types of Equipment. 513.2.1 Fire extinguishing equipment shall include both systems as primary protection and portable fire extinguishers [NFPA96:10.2.1] automatic fire extinguishing as secondary backup. 513.2.1.1 A placard identifying the use of the extinguisher as secondary backup means to the automatic fire suppression system shall be conspicuously placed near each portable fire extinguisher in the cooking area. [NFPA 96:10.2.2] 513.2.2 Automatic fire extinguishing systems shall comply with standard UL 300, Fire Testing of Fire Extinguishing Systems for Protection of Restaurant Cooking Areas, or other equivalent standards and shall be installed in accordance with their listings. [NFPA 96:10.2.3]  Exception: Automatic fire extinguishing equipment provided as part of listed re- circulating systems complying with standard UL 710B, Outline Investigation for Re- circulating Exhaust System. 513.2.2.1 Automatic fire extinguishing systems shall be installed in accordance terms of their instructions, standards where the listing, and with the manufacturer's the applicable. following [NFPA 96:10.2.6] (1) NFPA 12, Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation (2) of Sprinkler Systems (3) NFPA 17, Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems (4) NFPA 17A, Standard for Wet Chemical Extinguishing Systems In existing systems, when changes in the cooking media, positioning, or replacement of equipment occur, the fire cooking extinguishing system shall be made to comply with 513.2.2. [NFPA 96:10.2.3.1] 513.2.4 Modification of Existing Hood Systems. 513.2.4.1 Any abandoned pipe or conduit from a previous installation shall be removed from within the hood, plenum, and exhaust duct. [NFPA 96:10.2.7.1] 513.2.4.1 Penetrations and holes resulting from the removal of conduit or piping shall be sealed with listed or equivalent liquid tight sealing devices.[NFPA 96:10.2.7.2] 512.2.4.3 The addition of obstructions to spray patterns from the cooking appliance nozzle(s) such as baffle plates, shelves, or shall any modification not be permitted.[NFPA96:10.2.7.3] 513.2.4.4 Changes or modifications to the hazard after installation of the fire extinguishing systems shall result in reevaluation of the system design by a properly trained, qualified, and certified person(s). [NFPA96:10.2.7.4] 513.2.5 Fixed Baffle Hoods with Water Wash. Grease removal devices, hood exhaust plenums, and exhaust ducts requiring protection in accordance with standards and shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of their listing. NFPA 96:10.2.8.1] 513.2.5.1 The water for listed, fixed baffle hood assemblies shall be permitted to be supplied from the domestic water supply when the minimum water pressure and flow are provided in accordance with the terms of the listing. [NFPA 96:10.2.8.3] 513.2.5.2 The water supply shall be controlled by a Supervised water supply control valve. [NFPA 96:10.2.8.4] 513.2.5.3 The water wash in the fixed baffle hood shall be activated by the cooking equipment extinguishing system. [NFPA 96:10.2.8.5] 513.2.5.4 A water wash system approved to be used for protection of the grease removal device(s), hood exhaust plenum(s), exhaust duct(s), or combination thereof shall include instruction and appropriate electrical inter-face for simultaneous activation of the water wash system from an automatic fire extinguishing system, where the automatic fire extinguishing system is used for cooking equipment protection only. [NFPA 96:10.2.8.6] 513.2.5.5 Where the fire extinguishing system provides protection for the cooking equipment, hood, and duct, activation of the water wash shall not be required. [NFPA 96:10.2.8.7] 513.2.5.6 The water required for listed automatic fire extinguishing systems shall be permitted to be supplied from the domestic water supply where the minimum water pressure and flow are provided in accordance with the terms of the listing. The water supply shall be controlled by a super- vised water supply control valve. [NFPA 96:10.2.9]  513.2.6 Water Valve Supervision. Valves controlling the water supply to listed fixed baffle hood assemblies, automatic fire extinguishing systems, or both shall be listed indicating type of valve and shall be supervised open by one of the following methods: 1) Central station, proprietary, or remote station alarm service (2) Local alarm service that will cause the sounding of an audible signal at a constantly attended point  3) Locking valves open 4) Sealing of valves and approved weekly recorded inspection. [NFPA 96:10.2.10] 513.3 Simultaneous Operation. Fixed pipe extinguishing systems in a single hazard area shall be arranged for simultaneous automatic operation upon actuation of anyone of the systems. [NFPA 96:10.3.1] 513.3.1 Simultaneous operation shall not be required where the fixed pipe extinguishing system is an automatic sprinkler system. [NFPA96:10.3.2] 513.3.2 Simultaneous operation shall not be required where dry or wet chemical system shall be permitted to be used to protect common exhaust duct-work by one of the methods specified in NFPA 17 or NFPA 17A. [NFPA 96:10.3.3] 513.4 Fuel Shutoff. 513.4.1 Upon activation of any fire extinguishing system for a cooking operation, all sources of fuel and electric power that produce heat to all equipment requiring protection by that system shall automatically shut off. [NFPA 96:10.4. 1] Exception: Solid fuel cooking operations. 5131.4.2 Steam supplied from an external source shall not be required to automatically shutoff.[NFPA 96:10.4.2] 513.4.3 Any gas appliance not requiring protection, but located under the same ventilating equipment, shall also automatically shut off upon activation of any extinguishing system. [NFPA 96:10.4.3] 513.4.4 Shutoff devices shall require manual reset. [NFPA 96:10.4.4] 513.5 Manual Activation. 513.5.1 A readily accessible means for manual activation shall be located between forty-two (42) inches and forty-eight (48) inches (1,067 mm and 1,219 mm) above the floor, located in a path of exit or egress, and clearly identify the hazard protected. A manual actuation device shall be located a minimum of ten (10) feet (3 m) when possible and a maximum of twenty (20) feet (6m) from the protected kitchen appliance(s)within the path of egress. Manual actuation using a cable operated pull station shall not require more than forty (40) pounds (178 N) of force, with a pull movement not to exceed fourteen (14) inches(356 mm) to actuate the suppression system. The automatic and manual means of activation external to the control head or releasing device shall be separate and independent of each other so that failure of one will not impair the operation of the other.[NFPA 96:10.5.1-10.5.2] 513.5.2 The manual means of system activation shall be permitted to be common with the automatic means if the manual activation devices located between the control head or releasing device and the first fusible link. NFPA 96:10.5.3] 513.5.3 An automatic sprinkler system shall not require a manual means of system activation. [NFPA 96:10.5.4] 513.5.4 The means for manual actuator(s) shall be mechanical or rely on electrical power for actuation. [NFPA 96:10.5.5] 513.5.5 Electrical power shall be permitted to be used for manual activation if a standby power supply is provided or if supervision is provided in accordance with Section 513.7. [NFPA 96:10.5.6] 513.6 System Annunciation. 513.6.1 Upon activation of an automatic fire extinguishing system, an audible alarm or visual indicator shall be provided to show that the system has activated. [NFPA 96:10.6.11 513.6.2 Where a fire alarm signaling system is serving the occupancy where the extinguishing system is located, the activation of the automatic fire extinguishing system shall activate the fire alarm signaling system. [NFPA 96:10.6.2] 513.7 System Supervision. 513.7.1 Where electrical power is required to operate the automatic fire extinguishing system, it shall be monitored by a supervisory alarm,with a standby power supply provided. [NFPA96:10.7.1] 513.7.2 System supervision shall not be required where an automatic fire extinguishing system(s ) includes automatic mechanical detection and actuation as a backup detection system. [NFPA 96:10.7.2] 513.7.3 System supervision shall not be required where a fire extinguishing system(s)is interconnected or interlocked with the cooking equipment power source(s) so that if the fire extinguishing system becomes inoperable due to power failure, all sources of fuel or electric power that produce heat to all cooking equipment be serviced by that hood shall automatically shut off. [NFPA 96:10.7.3] 513.7.4 System supervision shall not be required where an automatic fire extinguishing including automatic mechanical system, detection and actuation, is electrically connected to a listed fire actuated water wash system for simultaneous operation of both systems. [NFPA 96:10.7.4] 513.8 Special Design and Application. 513.8.1 Hoods containing automatic fire extinguishing systems are protected areas; therefore, these hoods are not considered obstructions to overhead sprinkler systems and shall not require floor coverage underneath. [NFPA 96:10.8.1] 513.8.2 A single listed detection device, listed With the extinguishing system, shall be permitted for more than one (1) appliance when installed in accordance with the terms of the listing. listing. INFPA 96:10.8.2] 513.9 Review and Certification. Where required, complete drawings of the system installation, including the hood(s),exhaust duct(s), and appliances, along with the interface of the fire extinguishing system detectors, piping, nozzles, fuel shutoff devices, agent storage container(s), and manual actuation device(s), shall be submitted to the Authority Having Jurisdiction. [NFPA 96:10.9.1] 513.10 Installation Requirements. 513.10.1 Installation of systems shall be performed only by persons properly trained and qualified to install the specific system being provided. The installer shall provide certification that the installation is in agreement with the terms of the listing and the manufacturer's design. instructions and/or approved [NFPA96:10.9.2] 513.11 Portable Fire Extinguishers. 513.11.1. Portable fire extinguishers shall be installed in kitchen cooking areas in accordance with NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire extinguishers. Such extinguishers shall use agents that specify upon contact with hot grease, such sodium bicarbonate dry chemical and potassium carbonate solutions. Class B gas type portables such as CO2 and halon shall not be permitted in kitchen cooking areas.Manufacturer's recommendations shall be followed. [NFPA 96:10.10.1-10.10.4] 513.11.1.1 Portable fire extinguishers listed specifically for use in the kitchen cooking areas shall also be permitted 513.11.1.2 Other fire extinguishers in the kitchen area shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers. [NFPA96:10.10.5] 513.12 Solid Fuel Fire Extinguishing Equipment. Where solid fuel cooking equipment is served by fire extinguishing equipment, the provisions of Section 517.0 shall apply.  514.1 Operating Procedures. 514.1.1 Exhaust systems shall be operated whenever equipment is turned cooking on.[NFPA 96:11.1.1] 514.1.2 Filter equipped exhaust systems shall not be operated with filters removed. [NFPAA 96:11.1.2] 514.1.3 Openings provided for replacing air exhausted through ventilating equipment shall not be restricted by covers, dampers, or any other means that would reduce the operating efficiency of the exhaust system[NFPA.96:11.1.3] 5141.1.4 Instructions for manually operating the fire extinguishing system shall be posted conspicuously in the kitchen and shall be reviewed periodically with employees by the management. [NFPA 96:11.1.4] 514.1.5 Listed exhaust hoods shall be operated in accordance with the terms of their listings and the manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA 96:11.1.5] 514.1.6 Cooking equipment shall not be operated while its fire extinguishing system or exhaust system is non operational or otherwise impaired. [NFPA 96:11.1.6] 514.1.7 Secondary filtration and pollution control equipment shall be operated in accordance with the terms of its listing and the manufacturer's recommendations.[NFPA 96:11.1.71 514.1.8 Inspection and maintenance of equipment allowed in Section 512.3.1 shall be conducted by properly trained and qualified persons at a frequency determined by the manufacturer's instructions equipment or listing.[NFPA 96:11.1.8] 514.2 Inspection. Maintenance of the fire extinguishing systems and listed exhaust hoods containing a constant or fire activated water system that is listed to extinguish a fire in the grease removal devices, hood exhaust plenums, and exhaust ducts shall be made by properly trained, qualified, and certified person(s) or company acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction at least every six (6) months. [NFPA 96:11.2.1]] 514.2.1 All actuation components, including remote manual pull stations, mechanical or electrical devices, detectors, actuators, and fire actuated dampers, shall be checked for proper operation during the inspection in accordance with the manufacturer's listed procedures. In addition to these requirements, the specific inspection requirements of the applicable NFPA standard shall also be followed. [NFPA 96- 04:11.2.2 11.2.3] 514.2.2 Fusible links (including fusible links on fire damper assemblies) and automatic sprinkler heads shall be replaced at least semiannually,or more frequently if necessary where required by the manufacturer. [NFPA 9604:11.2.4] 514.2.3 The year of manufacture and the date of installation of the fusible links shall be marked on the system inspection tag. The tag shall be signed [NFPA96:11.2.5] initialed by the installer or other detection devices not including fusible links and automatic sprinklers shall be serviced or replaced in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. [NFPA 96- 04:11.2.6] 514.2.4 Where automatic bulb type sprinklers or spray nozzles are used and annual examination shows no buildup of grease or other material on the sprinkler or spray nozzles, annual replacement shall not be required.[NFPA 96:11.2.7] 514.2.5 If required, certificates of inspection and maintenance shall be forwarded to the Authority Having Jurisdiction. [NFPA 96:11.2.8] 514.3 Inspection for Grease Buildup. 514.3.1 The entire exhaust system shall be inspected for grease buildup by a properly trained, qualified, and certified company person(s) acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction in accordance with Table 54. 514.4 Cleaning of Exhaust Systems. 514.4.1 Upon inspection, if the