MBBS I Sample Questions (Nov 2024) PDF

MBBS I Sample Questions Table of Contents MBBS I Sample Questions...

MBBS I Sample Questions Table of Contents MBBS I Sample Questions November 2024 The MBBS I Sample Questions shall be the property of the University of Hong Kong by law, which shall not be retained, disclosed, reproduced, transferred or distributed, performed or displayed, in parts or in full, without explicit permission from the Faculty.  MBBS I Sample Questions Table of Contents Table of Contents SECTION A SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS............................................................ 3 IASM Block.............................................................................................................. 3 CPRS Block........................................................................................................ 130 SECTION A: EXTENDED MATCHING QUESTIONS................................................ 298 IASM Block.......................................................................................................... 298 CPRS Block........................................................................................................ 307 SECTION A: STRUCTURED ANSWER QUESTIONS............................................... 311 IASM Block.......................................................................................................... 311 CPRS Block........................................................................................................ 342 SECTION B SECTION B: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS........................................................ 394 IASM Block.......................................................................................................... 394 CPRS Block........................................................................................................ 414 SECTION B: EXTENDED MATCHING QUESTIONS................................................ 438 IASM Block.......................................................................................................... 438 CPRS Block........................................................................................................ 442 SECTION B: STRUCTURED ANSWER QUESTIONS............................................... 450 IASM Block.......................................................................................................... 450 CPRS Block........................................................................................................ 463 The MBBS I Sample Questions shall be the property of the University of Hong Kong by law, which shall not be retained, disclosed, reproduced, transferred or distributed, performed or displayed, in parts or in full, without explicit permission from the Faculty.  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS IASM Block IASA1001 You are about to give levobupivicaine, which is a local anaesthetic drug, for local wound infiltration to reduce postoperative pain after surgery. How do local anaesthetic drugs block pain signalling transmission? A. Blocking K+ channels B. Blocking Na+ channels C. Opening K+ channels D. Opening Na+ channels Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 3  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1002 Which of the following is typically recovered from the skin scraping of a patient with tinea infection? A. Aspergillus fumigatus B. Cryptococcus neoformans C. Microsporum canis D. Rhizopus microsporus Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 4  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1003 Infections by which of the following organisms is normally diagnosed by antibody testing rather than bacterial culture? A. Klebsiella pneumoniae B. Pseudomonas aeruginosa C. Shigella flexneri D. Treponema pallidum Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 5  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1004 Which group of parasites typically has an elongated and segmented appearance? A. Cestodes B. Nematodes C. Protozoa D. Trematodes Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 6  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1005 A 24-year-old male patient complains of a recent onset of purulent urethral discharge. What is the MOST LIKELY pathogen involved? A. Candida albicans B. Enterococcus faecalis C. Neisseria gonorrhoeae D. Staphylococcus aureus Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 7  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1006 Which of the following host immune defects predisposes to tuberculosis? A. Defective antibody production B. Defective complement production C. Defective neutrophil production D. Defective T-lymphocyte production Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 8  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1007 The dermis of the skin is made of two major protein fibres. What is the major protein which makes up the dermis of the skin? A. Collagen B. Elastin C. Ground substance D. Vimentin Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 9  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1008 Hair growth occurs in a cycle. What is the average length of the anagen phase in hair growth? A. 3 days B. 3 weeks C. 3 months D. 3 years Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 10  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1009 There are different modes of secretion in the glandular epithelium. Which of the following glands is involved in apocrine secretion? A. Mammary gland B. Pancreatic gland C. Salivary gland D. Sebaceous gland Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 11  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Based on the images above, which epithelium is well suited to withstand increased wear and tear forces in the moist mucosal cavity such as the oral cavity? A. A B. B C. C D. D Answer: C IASA1011 Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 12  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A During oogenesis, female gamete cells progress through different stages of meiosis and form the primary, secondary and mature oocytes. At which stage of meiosis is the oocyte when it is ovulated? A. Metaphase of meiosis I B. Metaphase of meiosis II C. Prophase of meiosis I D. Prophase of meiosis II Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 13  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1012 Haemostasis is the process to stop bleeding. Which precursor blood cell gives rise to the formed elements responsible for haemostasis? A. Lymphoblast B. Megakaryocyte C. Myeloblast D. Proerythroblast Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 14  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1013 There are different types of cells in the nervous system. Dysfunctional apical cilia of which type of cells may alter choroid plexus function and lead to hydrocephalus? A. Astrocytes B. Ependymal cells C. Microglia D. Schwann cells Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 15  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Epithelium, Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, High magnification. Source: Thieme Histology - An Essential Textbook, Figure 37.3 With reference to the image above, which organ is lined with this type of epithelium? A. Oesophagus B. Skin C. Trachea D. Urinary bladder Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 16  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A You are providing care for a family with a rare neurological disorder. A boy and a girl are affected and show very similar symptoms. Three other siblings and the biological parents are healthy. You suspect a monogenic disease. Which inheritance pattern would be the MOST PLAUSIBLE? A. Autosomal dominant B. Autosomal recessive C. Mitochondrial D. X-linked Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 17  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1016 In anaerobic cellular respiration, pyruvate is converted to lactate. Which of the following is required in the conversion? A. ADP B. ATP C. NAD+ D. NADH Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 18  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1017 In vitro fertilisation can help carriers of genetic diseases. Which reproductive technology leads to babies with genetic material from three individuals? A. CRISPR/Cas9 B. Embryo splitting C. Mitochondrial replacement D. Sperm donation Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 19  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1018 Deficiency of vitamin C leads to scurvy. Vitamin C is required for which protein post- translational modification? A. Cysteine oxidation B. Lysine methylation C. Proline hydroxylation D. Tyrosine phosphorylation Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 20  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1019 The mammalian cell cycle can be stopped at specific checkpoints when sensing unfavourable signals. When DNA replication is incomplete, the cell cycle arrests at which of the following checkpoints? A. G0 B. G1 C. G2 D. M Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 21  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1020 In aerobic cellular respiration, pyruvate is oxidised to form acetyl-CoA. Which of the following is also required in this reaction step? A. FADH B. FADH2 C. NAD+ D. NADH Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 22  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1021 Many diseases are associated with defects in RNA processing. In which cellular compartment does RNA processing mainly occur? A. Cytoplasm B. Endoplasmic reticulum C. Golgi apparatus D. Nucleus Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 23  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1022 Single gene disorders often show a predictable 'Mendelian' inheritance pattern. Which pattern of affected individuals in a pedigree diagram would suggest an autosomal dominant inheritance? A. All generations are affected B. Generations are skipped C. Only females are affected D. Only males are affected Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 24  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1023 Vaccination offers long lasting antigen-specific immune protection. What is the key cellular mediator responsible for this protection? A. Antibodies B. Effector T cells C. Immature B cells D. Memory lymphocytes Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 25  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1024 The human body is made up of several fluid compartments. How do you calculate the intracellular fluid volume of the body? A. Extracellular fluid volume + interstitial fluid volume - plasma volume B. Interstitial fluid volume - plasma volume + total body fluid volume C. Plasma volume + extracellular fluid volume + total body fluid volume D. Total body fluid volume - plasma volume - interstitial fluid volume Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 26  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1025 Vesicular transport moves materials into or out of a cell. What process describes the release of neurotransmitters at a chemical synapse? A. Endocytosis B. Exocytosis C. Phagocytosis D. Pinocytosis Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 27  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1026 Calcium ions play an important role in excitation-contraction coupling. Which protein can be activated by calcium ions? A. Actin B. Myosin C. Tropomyosin D. Troponin Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 28  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1027 The core body temperature is normally maintained at a relatively constant level by the thermoregulatory centre. What body response occurs when the core body temperature is below the thermal set-point of the thermoregulatory centre? A. Cutaneous vasodilation B. Decrease in heat production C. Shivering D. Sweating Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 29  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1029 Dr. Kwong has invented a new blood test for the diagnosis of a disease. What is the false negative rate of this new diagnostic test equivalent to? A. 1-sensitivity of the test B. 1-specificity of the test C. The negative likelihood ratio of the test D. The negative predictive value of the test Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 30  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1030 A test is positive in 60 out of 100 patients and 60 out of 100 normal individuals. What is the positive predictive value of this new test? A. 0.00 B. 0.50 C. 0.60 D. 1.00 Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 31  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1031 A key part of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDG3) is to achieve universal health coverage (UHC). What is the target goal for achieving universal health coverage other than access to essential health services and medicines for all? A. Development and training of the health care workforce B. Financial risk protection C. Public health care system improvement D. Regulation of health care providers and insurance companies Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 32  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A IASA1032 Drugs can be administrated by different routes. Each route has its specific purposes, advantages and disadvantages. Which of the following is a characteristic of parenteral route of administration? A. Intramuscular injection produces a slower response than subcutaneous injection. B. Subclavian vein is not a suitable site of intravenous infusion. C. Subcutaneous injection can be given by the patients themselves. D. Suspension can be injected subcutaneously but not intramuscularly. Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 33  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 25976 A type Malabsorption of fructose may occur after large consumption of fruit juice. How does fructose get into blood from the small intestine? A. By emulsification B. By glucose transporter C. By simple diffusion D. Via intracellular gap junction Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 34  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 28199 A type A single motor neuron and its innervated muscle fibres constitute a motor unit. What physiological response is triggered in muscle fibres when the motor neuron is stimulated by a threshold stimulus? A. Complete tetanus B. Incomplete tetanus C. Recruitment of all motor units D. Recruitment of one motor unit Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 35  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 24276 A type Mental activities impact on human health. According to the "Zang-Fu" theory in Chinese Medicine, which emotion condition would affect the function of "the Liver"? A. Anger B. Fear C. Joy D. Sadness Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 36  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 24990 A type The innate immune system consists of humoral and cellular components. Which of the following cell types are present in the innate immune system? A. B lymphocytes B. Macrophages C. Plasma cells D. T lymphocytes Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 37  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 26459 A type During infections, many soluble factors mediate innate immunity against invading pathogens. Which of the following soluble factors is directly involved in innate immune response? A. Complement B. Granzyme B C. Immunoglobulin D. Toll-like receptor Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 38  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 26466 A type An intravenous drug addict was diagnosed to have disseminated tuberculosis. Which of the following would be the characteristic cell type seen in the biopsies that would be diagnostic of his condition? A. Langhans giant cells B. Lymphocytes C. Neutrophils D. Plasma cells Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 39  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 26919 A type The innate immune system provides first-line defence mechanisms and consists of humoral and cellular components. Which of the following cellular components does it include? A. Lymphocytes B. Neutrophils C. Plasma cells D. Stromal cells Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 40  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 27340 A type Phenytoin is a drug for treating epilepsy, and it is highly lipophilic. What would be the concern for an obese patient to use phenytoin? A. A delayed onset of drug action B. A higher maximal response of the drug C. A lower maximal response of the drug D. A rapid onset of drug action Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 41  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A During implantation, the blastocyst is embedded into the maternal endometrium. Which cell layer plays the MOST ACTIVE role in invading the endometrium? A. Cytotrophoblast B. Epiblast C. Hypoblast D. Syncytiotrophoblast Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 42  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Haematoxylin and eosin-stained section of the tracheal epithelium. Source: Histology: A text and Atlas. 6th Edition. What types of collagen fibres contribute to layer X? A. Type I and II B. Type II and III C. Type III and IV D. Type IV and VII Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 43  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A An electron micrograph of the basal aspect of a gingival epithelial cell. What are the arrowed structures that help anchor epithelial cells to the underlying basal lamina? A. Desmosomes B. Hemidesmosomes C. Zona adherens D. Zona occludens Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 44  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Photograph of blood smear. Source: Haematology, Second Edition, Oxford University Press Which formed element of blood contains helminthotoxic granules? A. A B. B C. C D. D Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 45  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Different types of tissues participate in generating movements. Source: School of Biomedical Sciences, HKU Which type of tissue is shown in the picture (arrowed)? A. Cardiac muscle B. Dense regular connective C. Skeletal muscle D. Smooth muscle Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 46  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Microscopic image of spinal cord. Source: School of Biomedical Sciences, HKU Which type of cells shown in the picture (arrowed) lines the inner surface of the central canal of the spinal cord? A. Astrocytes B. Ependymal cells C. Oligodendrocytes D. Pyramidal cells Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 47  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A The mesoderm germ layer differentiates to form different structures of our body. Which of the following is derived from the intermediate mesoderm layer? A. Brain B. Heart C. Kidney D. Vertebra Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 48  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Skin. Stain: H&E. Medium magnification. Source: Eroschenko V.; diFiore's Atlas of Histology with Functional Correlations. 11 Ed. Given the unique features of the skin in this slide, identify the specific region of the body from which this skin sample was obtained. A. Abdomen B. Palm of the hand C. Scalp D. Upper eyelid Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 49  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Skin, Low Power (H&E) Source: DiFiore's Atlas of Histology. Eroschenko V. What is the arrowed structure? A. Blood vessel, artery B. Blood vessel, vein C. Duct of a sweat gland D. Nerve Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 50  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Skin. Medium Power (H&E) Source: DiFiore's Atlas of Histology. Eroschenko V. What is the predominant cell type in the outlined area? A. Fibroblasts B. Myocytes (smooth) C. Myocytes (striated) D. Schwann cells Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 51  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A The diagram showed a specimen of the external muscle layers of the middle 1/3 of the oesophagus. Source: Dr. Jian Yang, SBMS, HKU Which type of tissue is found in the circled area? A. Dense regular connective tissue B. Serosa C. Skeletal muscle D. Smooth muscle Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 52  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A A patient was diagnosed with an autosomal dominant skin-blistering disorder, a common clinical manifestation involving the formation of blisters between the epidermis and dermis. Disorder of which specific components of cytoskeleton was associated with this condition? A. Actin B. Keratin C. Tubulin D. Vimentin Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 53  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A A section of cerebral cortex is shown. Source: Dr. Jian Yang, SBMS, HKU What are the cells indicated by the arrows in the specimen of cerebral cortex? A. Bipolar neurones B. Multipolar neurones C. Pseudounipolar neurones D. Schwann cells Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 54  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A A specimen of sympathetic ganglion is shown. Source: Dr. Jian Yang, SBMS, HKU What are the cells indicated by the arrows? A. Astrocytes B. Multipolar neurones C. Pseudounipolar neurones D. Satellite glial cells Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 55  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A A male newborn was diagnosed with a complex of congenital defects affecting both the urinary and genital ducts. A family history of similar problems suggested that a genetic cause might be involved. In which embryonic site was this genetic defect expressed? A. Ectoderm B. Intermediate mesoderm C. Lateral plate mesoderm D. Paraxial mesoderm Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 56  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A A muscle specimen. Source: Dr. Jian Yang, SBMS, HKU Which type of muscle tissue is found in the picture? A. Cardiac muscle B. Skeletal muscle C. Smooth muscle D. Visceral striated muscle Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 57  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Sagittal section of the knee. Source: Core Anatomy Which fluid normally fills the arrowed space? A. Cerebrospinal B. Lymph C. Serous D. Synovial Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 58  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Spinal muscular atrophy is a hereditary disease that results in a loss of motor neurons and muscle wasting. Spinal muscular atrophy is caused by defects in which underlying molecular process? A. Protein translation B. RNA Splicing C. Transcriptional initiation D. Transcriptional termination Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 59  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A An understanding of gene expression is important for medicine. Which of the following stops an enhancer from interacting with a promoter in vivo? A. Antagonist B. Antibody C. Inhibitor D. Insulator Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 60  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Pre-clinical research has found a new drug for treating cystic fibrosis, but it is only effective in patients with specific cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene variants. What test should be performed on cystic fibrosis patients to determine their suitability for the drug? A. Blood glucose test B. DNA genotyping test C. Lung function test D. Sweat test Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 61  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a monogenic disease inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. Why can heterozygous female carriers also develop symptoms for the disease? A. Dosage compensation B. Lack of Y-chromosome C. Mitochondrial heteroplasmy D. Skewed X-inactivation Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 62  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A A family with a history of autosomal recessive cystic fibrosis have opted for in-vitro fertilisation. They want to use genetic testing to reduce the risk of their future child developing the condition. What genetic test would be APPROPRIATE? A. Direct-to-consumer genetic test B. New-born screening C. Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis D. Pre-natal screening Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 63  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A A large volume of structured and unstructured data is commonly found in an electronic health record database. Why are patient diagnosis International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes considered as structured data in big data analysis? A. Extraction of information requires natural language processing. B. ICD codes allow a standardised definition of diagnosis. C. The size of these data is very large. D. These codes can be entered by many different people. Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 64  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Chylomicrons are formed in the intestinal epithelium for the transport of lipids. Which of the following molecules is packaged into chylomicrons? A. Leukotriene B. Prostaglandin C. Short-chain fatty acid D. Triacylglycerol Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 65  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Which of the following hormones promotes the storage of fuels for the maintenance of blood glucose levels? A. Cortisol B. Epinephrine C. Glucagon D. Insulin Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 66  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Some cancers are related to point mutations in RAS. Such mutation locks RAS in an active state for a prolonged duration. Why is RAS locked in an active state? A. Decreased GDP binding B. Decreased GEF activity C. Decreased GTP binding D. Decreased GTPase activity Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 67  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Cell cycle checkpoints are important surveillance mechanisms. Which cell cycle checkpoint would be activated if a duplicated chromosome is not properly attached to the mitotic spindle? A. Anaphase B. Metaphase C. Prophase D. Telophase Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 68  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Antibodies can elicit protective function by bridging with other immune components. Which immune component is recruited for antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity? A. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells B. Complement C. Macrophages D. Natural killer cells Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 69  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Glucose is oxidised in glycolysis. Which of the following compounds is used for the oxidation of glucose in glycolysis to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP)? A. Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) B. Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) C. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) D. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 70  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Both hereditary genetics and lifestyle choices impact an individual's susceptibility to colorectal cancer. What percentage of colorectal cancer is hereditary? A. Between 10 to 20% B. Between 20 to 30% C. More than 30% D. Up to 10% Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 71  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Haemoglobin carries oxygen in the human body, and is often described as being in the T state or in the R state. What is the difference between T state and R state haemoglobin? A. T state has low affinity for oxygen, but R state has high affinity for oxygen. B. T state is allosteric, but R state is cooperative. C. T state is oxygen-bound, but R state is oxygen-free. D. T state is tetrameric, but R state is monomeric. Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 72  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Carbon monoxide poisoning accounts for dozens of emergency department visits in Hong Kong every year. Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs through carbon monoxide binding to which component of haemoglobin? A. Alpha subunit B. Backbone histidine C. Beta subunit D. Iron ion of the haem Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 73  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A CRISPR-Cas9 is revolutionising many aspects of molecular medicine. Which enzyme activity does engineered dCas9 lack? A. Deaminase B. Endonuclease C. Ligase D. Protease Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 74  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Genetic variation accounts for phenotypic differences between individuals. What is the MOST COMMON type of genetic variation in the human genome? A. Copy number variation B. Insertion and deletion C. Single nucleotide polymorphism D. Structural variation Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 75  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Alpha-ketoacid is a reaction product of amino acid deamination. Which alpha-ketoacid is derived from alanine deamination? A. Acetyl-CoA B. Alpha-ketoglutarate C. Oxaloacetate D. Pyruvate Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 76  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Cellular respiration involves a set of metabolic reactions. Where in the cell does the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA take place? A. Cytosol B. Endoplasmic reticulum C. Mitochondria D. Nucleus Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 77  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Oncogenes can be activated by a variety of mechanisms. Which of the following is a common mechanism of oncogene activation? A. Aneuploidy B. Gene conversion C. Gene deletion D. Point mutation Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 78  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Pluripotent stem cells hold great promise for regenerative medicine. Which of the following properties is typically associated with pluripotent stem cells? A. Ability to differentiate into extraembryonic tissues B. Expression of anti-apoptotic genes C. Low risk of genetic mutations D. Self-renewal capacity Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 79  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Metabolism refers to the set of chemical reactions occurring throughout the body to sustain life. Metabolic pathways can be separated into anabolic and catabolic pathways. Which of the following statement BEST describes catabolic pathways? A. Catabolic pathways degrade larger molecules into smaller molecules and release energy in the process B. Catabolic pathways degrade larger molecules into smaller molecules using energy C. Catabolic pathways synthesize larger molecules from smaller ones and release energy in the process D. Catabolic pathways synthesize larger molecules from smaller ones using energy Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 80  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Enzyme inhibitors are compounds that bind to an enzyme and decrease the rate of its reaction. Which of the following BEST describes a noncompetitive inhibitor? A. A noncompetitive inhibitor competes with the substrate for the same binding site B. A noncompetitive inhibitor forms covalent bonds with the enzyme C. A noncompetitive inhibitor is structurally dissimilar to the substrate D. Inhibition by a noncompetitive inhibitor can be overcome by the increase in substrate concentration Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 81  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids in the liver differ in different nutritional states. Which of the following BEST describes the metabolism of fatty acids in the liver during fasting? A. Fatty acids will be exported to adipose tissues for storage. B. Fatty acids will be produced from amino acids. C. Fatty acids will be produced from glucose. D. Fatty acids will be used by the liver as the principal source of fuel. Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 82  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) is an important dietary reference standard to prevent the risk of certain nutritional deficiencies. Which of the following BEST describes RDA? A. Average amount of a nutrient ingested daily by 50% of the population B. Average amount of a nutrient required each day to maintain normal function in 50% of the population C. Average amount of a nutrient required each day to maintain normal function in nearly all of the population D. Maximum amount of a nutrient ingested daily that prevents deficiency symptoms Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 83  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A A male patient presented to a clinic with fatigue and muscle cramps. He was later diagnosed with thiamine deficiency. Which one of the following is MOST LIKELY to accumulate in a thiamine deficiency? A. Alpha-ketoglutarate B. Fumarate C. Oxaloacetate D. Succinyl CoA Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 84  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Electron transfer in the electron transport chain (ETC) is essential for oxidative phosphorylation to occur. Which of the following statements describes the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain? A. Complex I transfers electrons from NADH to cytochrome C. B. Complex II transfers electrons from FAD to CoQ. C. Complex III transfers electrons to cytochrome C. D. Complex IV transfers electrons from oxygen. Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 85  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a popular drug used in 1960s. LSD binds to 5-HT2A serotonergic receptors, which signal through Gq. Which of the following reactions is affected by the action of LSD? A. Activation of phosphodiesterase B. Activation of protein kinase A C. Inhibition of adenylate cyclase D. Opening of calcium channels in the endoplasmic reticulum Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 86  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A A 30-year-old man has a haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 9%. Which of the following is essential to determine whether the patient has diabetes mellitus? A. A clinical examination B. A decision cut-off value of HbA1c for diabetes mellitus C. A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve analysis D. A reference interval of HbA1c of the general population Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 87  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A The epidermis is composed of different layers of stratified cells. Which layer composes the outermost layer of the epidermis? A. Stratum basale B. Stratum corneum C. Stratum granulosum D. Stratum lucidum Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 88  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A The skin is composed of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutis. What is the outermost layer of the epidermis? A. Stratum basale B. Stratum corneum C. Stratum granulosum D. Stratum spinosum Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 89  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Bacterial cell structure is different from human cell structure. What is the unique bacterial structure targeted by penicillin and shown up by Gram stain? A. Cell wall peptidoglycan B. Chromosomal and plasmid DNA C. Fimbriae and pili D. Ribosomal protein Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 90  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A The picture shows a Gram-negative bacterium visualised by dark field microscopy. Which of the following terms BEST DESCRIBES the appearance of this bacterium? A. Bacillus B. Coccobacillus C. Coccus D. Spirochaete Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 91  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Plasmodium falciparum is a potentially fatal cause of fever in travellers returning from endemic areas. Which of the following hosts are involved in the life cycle of Plasmodium falciparum? A. Aedes mosquitoes, wild birds, humans B. Anopheles mosquitoes, humans C. Hard ticks, dogs, humans D. Hard ticks, humans Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 92  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A A 35-year-old man presented with fever, rash, and multiple joint pain. The diagnosis of disseminated gonococcal infection is suspected. Which of the following accurately describes Neisseria gonorrhoeae? A. It can grow on selective media such as Thayer-Martin agar. B. It forms Gram-negative cocci in clusters. C. It is a facultative anaerobe. D. It is always susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins. Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 93  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Regarding microbiological diagnosis of infection, which of the following methods is rapid, sensitive and specific? A. Culture for the microbe using artificial medium or tissue cell line B. Detecting the host antibody response by enzyme immunoassay C. Detecting the microbial DNA/RNA by PCR or RT-PCR D. Light or electron microscopy examination for the microbe Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 94  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A A 25-year-old man presented with fever, myalgia and generalised rash 3 days after returning from a trip to Bangladesh. During the trip, he gave a history of swimming in a crowded river, taking partially cooked seafood in street stalls, and visiting commercial sex worker. He also reported bites by mosquitos and insects. Blood test for Dengue IgM is positive. What is the MOST LIKELY route of transmission of the infection? A. Direct contact with a patient B. Direct contact with contaminated water C. Faecal-oral D. Mosquito bites Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 95  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Candida albicans is a medically important yeast that can cause disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. Which of the following clinical syndromes does Candida albicans commonly cause in immunocompetent hosts? A. Candidemia B. Endophthalmitis C. Esophageal candidiasis D. Vaginal thrush Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 96  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A The neurosurgery team has just performed a brain surgery on a patient with confirmed Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. What is the optimal way to reprocess the surgical equipment? A. Autoclave at 121°C for 30 minutes B. Dispose the contaminated equipment if possible C. Sterilisation by immersing in formaldehyde D. Wiping with 80% isopropanol Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 97  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Different bacteria are characterised by their staining properties, morphology, and growth requirements. Which of the following pairs of bacteria and characteristics is CORRECT? A. Listeria monocytogenes - Gram positive cocci in clusters B. Pseudomonas aeruginosa - obligate anaerobic Gram negative bacilli C. Treponema pallidum - non-cultivable spirochaetes D. Vibrio cholerae - Gram negative microaerophilic bacilli Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 98  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Some environmental bacteria are associated with severe infections in humans. Which of the following Gram negative bacteria is the cause of melioidosis? A. Acinetobacter baumannii B. Burkholderia pseudomallei C. Legionella pneumophila D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 99  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A You are in charge of the infection control team of a long-term care facility. There is a recent outbreak of norovirus among the residents over the past 2 weeks. What infection control advice will you give to the staff of the facility? A. Ask the staff to disinfect that hands with glutaraldehyde after patient contacts. B. Enforce handwashing in addition to routine use of alcohol hand rubs for hand hygiene. C. Fumigate all the rooms of the facility with formaldehyde. D. Replace the alcohol hand rubs with chlorhexidine gluconate. Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 100  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A A lymph node biopsy from an immunosuppressed patient showed presence of caseating granulomas. What are the MOST IMPORTANT cells responsible for the formation of these granulomas? A. Epithelioid histiocytes B. Fibroblasts C. Foreign body giant cells D. Plasma cells Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 101  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A A 30-year-old woman comes to your clinic complaining of pain in the left breast for the past 3 days. She has been breast feeding and says she feels feverish. On examination the breast shows a 3 cm area of swelling. It is red in colour and warm to touch. If an aspiration of the swelling is performed, which of the following cells is MOST LIKELY to be present? A. Eosinophil B. Macrophage C. Monocyte D. Neutrophil Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 102  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Study of macroscopic and microscopic features of diseases is crucial in understanding the development and complications of diseases. Such knowledge is important in screening, diagnosis and management of various disease. Which of the following facilitates learning of macroscopic and microscopic features of diseases outside the pathology teaching laboratory? A. Digital whole slide imaging B. Examination of haematoxylin and eosin stained slides under the microscope C. Examination of immunohistochemistry slides under the microscope D. Hand on examination of specimen in pathology museum Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 103  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Necrosis, a type of cell death, can lead to release of cell content. In acute pancreatitis, cell content is released from necrotic pancreas. Which of the following is released, found raised in blood and is useful as a test to support the diagnosis? A. Amylase B. Aspartate transaminase C. Creatine kinase - MB D. Troponin Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 104  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Coagulative necrosis is histologically characterised by preservation of the tissue architecture. The nuclei of the necrotic cells eventually disappear. Ischaemia is the most common cause. Coagulative necrosis is MORE LIKELY found in which of the following organs? A. Brain B. Connective tissue C. Kidney D. Lymph node Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 105  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A A 50-year-old male with a known history of chronic alcohol use is found collapsed at home. When admitted to hospital his chest radiograph showed diffuse radio-opacity in the right lower lobe. Gram stain grew gram negative rods. Which of the following features of inflammation will lead to the radiographic findings? A. Congestion B. Exudation C. Infarction D. Transudation Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 106  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A A 45-year-old bank manager had on-and-off episodes of epigastric pain which were relieved by antacids. He suddenly developed severe pain and started to vomit copious amounts of fresh blood. On emergency admission to hospital, he was found to have a bleeding gastric ulcer. Which of the following is the MOST LIKELY cause for the bleeding? A. Bleeding from eroded vessel due to chronic inflammation B. Mucosal ulceration from acute inflammation C. Perforation due to tissue destruction D. Ulcer formation due to Helicobacter pylori infection Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 107  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A A 56-year-old diabetic developed a large gaping ulcer over his right ankle that required healing by secondary intention. Which of the following features of healing by secondary intention are present? A. Minimal necrotic tissue with less tissue loss B. More granulation tissue formation with larger scar produced C. Sutured wound causing wound contracture D. Wound with apposed edges Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 108  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A A 25-year-old man noticed marked weight loss and shortness of breath in the recent few months. A chest x-ray revealed multiple nodules of 1 to 2 cm in diameter in both lungs. He also noted some dull pain in his left knee in the recent few months. The reason for his development of multiple tumour nodules in the lungs are MOST LIKELY related to which of the following? A. Exposure to radiation B. Heavy cigarette smoking C. Infection by an oncogenic virus D. Metastasis from a primary malignant tumour elsewhere Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 109  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A A neoplasm can be distinguished into benign and malignant. Which of the following is the MOST LIKELY to be a malignant neoplasm? A. A breast lump which subsequently regressed and disappeared B. A slowing enlarging tumour beneath the skin, which then stops growing and remain the same size for over 10 years C. A smooth muscle tumour in the uterus with a round shape, having a smooth and well- defined margin D. An epithelial tumour with invasion of epithelial cells beyond the basement membrane Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 110  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A According to the World Bank, Hong Kong achieved the longest life expectancy in the world from 2013 to 2020. What is the largest contributor to Hong Kong's attainment of the highest life expectancy worldwide? A. Equitable distribution of income B. Genetics C. Health care system D. Tobacco control Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 111  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Hong Kong has a mixed market medical economy with approximately 40% of total health expenditure incurred by private sources. What is the funding source for the majority (60-70%) of private health expenditure? A. Employer benefits B. Health insurance C. Non-profit organisations D. Out-of-pocket fees Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 112  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A A public good represent an important concept in global health. What are two main properties of public goods? A. At no cost and non-rival B. At no cost and non-tangible C. Non-rival and non-excludable D. Non-tangible and non-excludable Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 113  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Multiple national disease surveillance laboratories across Continent A simultaneously detect a novel disease. This disease exhibits a mortality rate of 50%. In response, the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) convenes an expert meeting. After reviewing all the evidence, the Director-General declares this event is a global public health crisis that necessitates immediate international intervention. What is the WHO's official name to describe this public health crisis? A. Global Public Health Emergency B. International Health Crisis C. Pandemic D. Public Health Emergency of International Concern Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 114  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A When the maximal drug response is obtained at less than maximal occupation of the receptor, the unoccupied receptor is referred as "spare receptor". What is the criterion for drug development if the target receptor shows such phenomenon, and why? A. Another drug served as an allosteric agonist is needed to facilitate the binding of the primary drug to the receptor. B. The drug needs to have high affinity toward the receptor, so as to compete with endogenous ligand. C. The drug needs to have low affinity toward the receptor, so to avoid unnecessary prolonged action or side effect. D. The drug needs to have low efficacy toward the receptor, so to avoid super-activation of receptors. Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 115  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A The following parameters apply to a drug when a 10 mg dose is given to an adult by intravenous injection: clearance = 100 mL per hour; half-life = 3 hours. Which of the following represents the approximate value of elimination rate constant of this drug? A. 0.2 mg per hour B. 0.2 per hour C. 3 mg per hour D. 10 mL per mg hour Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 116  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Drug X activates a type of G-protein-coupled receptor, subsequently raising cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in a cell. Which of the following represents a protein involved in the signalling events triggered by Drug X? A. Cyclic GMP B. GS protein C. Phospholipase C D. Protein kinase A Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 117  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A The distribution of a small, water-soluble drug is described by the one-compartment model. Which of the following represents the BEST estimate of the volume of distribution of this drug? A. 2 litres B. 5 litres C. 14 litres D. 42 litres Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 118  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A A doctor of private clinic prescribes and dispenses 30 tablets of diazepam to a patient. However, he put down 10 tablets in the 'amount supplied' in the Dangerous Drug Register. According to the law in Hong Kong, how should the doctor correct the mistake in the Dangerous Drug Register? A. Make a footnote to specify the correction B. Put '+20 tablets' next to '10 tablets' and sign next to the correction C. Use a red ball pen to cross it out, put down the correct amount and sign next to the correction D. Use correction fluid to cover the mistake and put down the correct amount Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 119  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Plasma concentrations of a drug were measured once every 45 minutes. The first measurement was made immediately after drug administration. The values (in mg/mL) are as follows: 20, 12, 7.2, 4.32, 2.59. Which of the following describes a characteristic of this drug based on the observed concentration values? A. Drug clearance occurs at an increasing rate. B. Fractional rate of drug elimination gradually decreases. C. Rate of drug elimination is constant. D. This drug follows first-order elimination kinetics. Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 120  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Which of the following membrane components is essential to the maintenance of the resting membrane potential? A. Acetylcholine receptor B. Sodium-potassium exchange pump C. Voltage-gated potassium channel D. Voltage-gated sodium channel Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 121  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Sympathetic stimulation primarily causes activation of adrenergic receptors. What is the MOST COMMON isoform of adrenergic receptors in the autonomic nervous system? A. α1 B. α2 C. β1 D. β2 Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 122  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Vesicular transport moves materials into or out of a cell. What process describes the release of neurotransmitters at a chemical synapse? A. Endocytosis B. Exocytosis C. Phagocytosis D. Pinocytosis Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 123  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A A 30-year-old adult presented with a rectal temperature of 38.5°C and profuse sweating. How would a high core body temperature affect the thermoregulatory system for an adult? A. Decreased acetylcholine release to sweat glands B. Decreased thermogenesis by brown fat C. Stimulation of warmth-sensitive neurons D. Vasoconstriction of skin arterioles Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 124  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Kevin, a 30-year-old male, walked into a very cold outdoor area with insufficient clothing. Which of the following efferent neural pathways will be stimulated to induce shivering? A. Motor neurons B. Parasympathetic neurons C. Sympathetic adrenergic neurons D. Sympathetic cholinergic neurons Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 125  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Isotype switching of B cells is dependent on other immune cells. When B cells are stimulated by Th1 cytokines, which antibody isotype will they produce? A. IgA B. IgD C. IgE D. IgG Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 126  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Cell membrane transport refers to the process by which materials move in and out of cells through the selectively permeable cell membrane. Which of the following transport mechanisms is responsible for the movement of water across a cell membrane? A. Endocytosis B. Facilitated diffusion C. Osmosis D. Simple diffusion Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 127  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A The sympathetic nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system and prepares the body for action in response to stress or danger. Which of the following responses is the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for? A. Decreased heart rate B. Increased pupil constriction C. Mobilisation of energy for "fight-or-flight" D. Rest and digest Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 128  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Troponin is a protein complex that plays a critical role in muscle contraction. It is found in skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers. What is the function of troponin in muscle contraction? A. Bind to acetylcholine and initiate muscle excitation B. Bind to actin and move it towards the center of the sarcomere C. Bind to calcium ions and move tropomyosin away from the myosin binding site on actin D. Bind to myosin and move it towards the center of the sarcomere Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 129  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A CPRS Block Item ID: 24793 A type You are reviewing the images of a patient's coronary CT angiogram. In which anatomical position would you expect the left circumflex artery? A. Anterior interventricular groove B. Left atrioventricular groove C. Posterior interventricular groove D. Right atrioventricular groove Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 130  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 24767 A type Which of the following bacteria is the MOST COMMON cause of uncomplicated cystitis? A. Enterococcus faecium B. Escherichia coli C. Proteus mirabilis D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 131  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 24771 A type What is the usual duration of treatment for uncomplicated, non-resistant, pulmonary tuberculosis? A. 2 months B. 6 months C. 9 months D. 12 months Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 132  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 27374 A type Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus) is a major cause of postpartum fever. Which of the following microbiology tests is the MOST USEFUL for the identification of Streptococcus agalactiae? A. Bacitracin susceptibility B. Bile solubility C. CAMP test D. Optochin susceptibility Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 133  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 27376 A type Infective endocarditis is relatively difficult to diagnose because of the lack of specific symptoms and signs. Which of the following microbiological assays is the MOST USEFUL in establishing the microbiological diagnosis? A. Anti-streptolysin O titre B. Multiple blood cultures C. Multiple urine cultures D. Oral swab culture Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 134  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 24976 A type Mrs. Lee, a 38-year-old healthy lady with no known drug allergies was suffering from influenza, deteriorates and develops shaking chills and a high fever. She developed secondary bacterial pneumonia. Which one of the following antibiotics is MOST APPROPRIATE to treat the patient's condition? A. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid B. Clindamycin C. Erythromycin D. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 135  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 25129 A type Observe the histological features of the figure. Which type of blood vessel is shown in the picture? A. Large artery B. Large vein C. Medium artery D. Medium vein Answer: A Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 136  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 25139 A type Lateral folding of the embryo results in formation of the primitive heart tube. Which structure arises from the caudal region of the primitive heart tube? A. Aorta B. Atrium C. Pulmonary trunk D. Ventricle Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 137  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 25154 A type The pulmonary plexus regulates the functions of the pulmonary airways and glands. What are the spinal root designations of the sympathetic fibres of the pulmonary plexus and their effects on the airways and glands? A. T2-T4; bronchoconstriction and increased secretions of glands B. T2-T4; bronchodilation and decreased secretions of glands C. T2-T6; bronchodilation and decreased secretions of glands D. T2-T6; bronchoconstriction and increased secretions of glands Answer: B Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 138  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 25157 A type The right kidney is anatomically related to several important organs. Which organ is adjacent to anterior and superior aspects of the right kidney? A. Ascending colon B. Jejunum C. Liver D. Stomach Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 139  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 25160 A type The intercostal muscles actively participate in during respiration. Which intercostal muscle is MOST active during expiration? A. External intercostal muscle B. Innermost intercostal muscle C. Internal intercostal muscle D. Sternocostalis muscle Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 140  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 25874 A type The respiratory diverticulum is initially in open communication with the primitive foregut. Which embryonic structure is responsible for separating these two structures? A. Laryngotracheal groove B. Pleuropericardial fold C. Posterior oesophageal fold D. Tracheoesophageal fold Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 141  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 25886 A type Forced expiration is an active process involving several muscles. Which muscles play a major role during forced expiration? A. Intercostal muscles B. Latissimus dorsi muscles C. Muscles of the abdominal wall D. Serratus posterior inferior muscles Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 142  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 25878 A type The splanchnic mesoderm gives rise to the heart and other tissue structures. Which structure is derived from the splanchnic mesoderm? A. Connective tissue of the body wall B. Limb muscle C. Vertebra D. Wall of the gut tube Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 143  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 25881 A type The medial umbilical ligament is formed from the obliteration of the distal portion of the foetal umbilical artery after birth. What vessel is derived from the persistent proximal portion of the foetal umbilical artery after birth? A. Ductus arteriosus B. Ligamentum teres hepatis C. Ligamentum venosum D. Superior vesical artery Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 144  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 25883 A type Formation of the inferior vena cava is characterised by obliteration of most of the left veins and remodelling of the right veins. Which vein develops into the renal segment of the inferior vena cava? A. Right internal jugular vein B. Right posterior cardinal vein C. Right subcardinal vein D. Right supracardinal vein Answer: C Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 145  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 27674 A type During the development of the vascular system, the vitelline and umbilical veins undergo extensive remodelling to form various venous drainage within and outside of the liver. Which of the following embryonic veins gives rise to the hepatic portal vein? A. Left umbilical vein B. Left vitelline vein C. Right umbilical vein D. Right vitelline vein Answer: D Copyright © 2024 LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. All Rights Reserved. 146  MBBS I Sample Questions Section A Item ID: 27682 A type Transverse section of the trachea. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Low magnification. Source: DiFiore's Atlas of Histology with Functional Correlations. 11th Ed. Identify layer A. A. Adventitia B. Hyaline cartilage C. Mucosa D. Submucosa Answer: D Copyright