MATERNAL-AND-CHILD-HEALTH-NURSING-PRACTICE.pdf

NCM 107: MATERNAL AND CHILD PHILOSOPHIES HEALTH NURSING PRACTICE I Family Centered Assessment must PORRAS, J.K., PATOSA, V.L., & CIRILOS, J. (2024)...

NCM 107: MATERNAL AND CHILD PHILOSOPHIES HEALTH NURSING PRACTICE I Family Centered Assessment must PORRAS, J.K., PATOSA, V.L., & CIRILOS, J. (2024) include both family 🌷͙֒₊˚*ੈ🎀⸝⸝✩‧₊˚🦢˚˖୨୧⋆｡🩰✧ 𓍢ִ໋-`♡´- and individual data Community Centered The health of families depends on and MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NURSING influence the health of - Is a field of nursing that focuses on communities providing healthcare to childbearing Evidence-based This is the means women and their children. whereby critical - Promotive, preventive, curative, knowledge increases. rehabilitative healthcare for mother and children. A maternal and child health nurse serves as an advocate to protect the rights of all Obstetrics family members, including the fetus - Derived from the Greek word “obstare” (to Maternal and child health nursing includes keep watch) a high degree of independent nursing - The care of women during childbirth functions because teaching and counseling - Focuses on pregnancy, childbirth, and are major interventions. postpartum Promoting Health and disease prevention are important nursing roles because these Pediatrics protect the health of the next generation. - Derived from the Greek word “pais” (child) Maternal and child health nurses serve as - Focuses on life, growth, and development, an important resource for families during and health of infants, children, and childbearing and childrearing as these can adolescents below 18 years old. be extremely stressful times in a life cycle. Personal, cultural, and religious attitudes GOALS AND PHILOSOPHIES OF MATERNAL and beliefs influence the meaning and AND CHILD NURSING impact of childbearing and childrearing on families Circumstances such as illness or pregnancy The primary goal of maternal and child health are meaningful only in the context of a total nursing is the promotion and maintenance of life optimal family health to ensure cycles of optimal Maternal and child health nursing is a childbearing and childrearing. challenging role for nurses and a major factor in keeping families well and optimal functioning.  Standard 5: Implementation 4 PHASES OF HEALTH CARE - The pediatric nurse implements the Health Educating clients to be aware of interventions identified in the plan of care. Promotion good health through teaching and role modeling. Standard 6: Evaluation - The pediatric nurse evaluates the child’s Health Intervening to maintain health Maintenance when in risk of illness is present. and family’s progress toward attainment of outcomes. Health Promptly diagnosing and treating Restoration illness using interventions that STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL 🎀ྀིྀི will return clients to wellness most rapidly. PERFORMANCE Health Preventing further complications Rehabilitation from an illness, bringing the ill Standard 1: Quality of Care client back to an optimal state of - the pediatric nurse systematically evaluates wellness, or helping clients to the quality and effectiveness of pediatric accept inevitable death. nursing practice Standard 2: Performance Appraisal - The pediatric nurse evaluates his/her own AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION/SOCIETY OF nursing practice in relation to professional PEDIATRIC NURSES ASSOCIATION OF CARE practice standards and relevant statutes.. AND PROFESSIONAL PERFORMANCE Standard 3: Education - The pediatric nurse acquires and maintains STANDARDS OF CARE 𓍢ִ໋ 🌷͙֒ current knowledge and competency in pediatric nursing practice Standard 4:Collegiality Comprehensive pediatric nursing care - The pediatric nurse interacts with and focuses on helping children and their contributes to the professional development families and communities achieve their of peers, colleagues, and other health care optimum health potentials providers. This is best achieved within the framework Standard 5: Ethics - The pediatric nurse’s assessment, actions, Standard 1: Assessment and recommendation on behalf of children - the pediatric nurse collects patient health and their families are determined in an data ethical manner. Standard 2: Diagnosis Standard 6: Collaboration - The pediatric nurse analyzes the assessment - The pediatric nurse collaborates with the data in determining diagnoses. child, family, and other healthcare Standard 3: Outcome Identification providers in providing client care - The pediatric nurse identifies expected Standard 7: Research outcomes individualized to the child and the - The pediatric nurse contributes to nursing family. and pediatric healthcare through the use of Standard 4: Planning research methods and findings. - The pediatric nurse develops a plan of care that prescribes interventions to obtain expected outcomes. Standard 8: Resource Utilization - The pediatric nurse considers factors 🩰˚˖๋࣭ ⭑𓍢 🦢✧˚.🎀˚ ༘ ♡₊˚ 🌷₊✧🍥✧˖°. ᶻ 𝗓 𐰁.ᐟ related to safety, effectiveness, and cost in planning and delivering patient care. UNDERSTANDING CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NURSING Cultural competence is the ability of an individual to understand and respect values, attitudes, beliefs, and mores that differ across cultures, and to consider and respond appropriately to these differences in planning, implementing, and evaluating health education and promotion programs and interventions STATISTICAL TERMS USED TO REPORT CULTURAL COMPETENCY TERMINOLOGY MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH 🌸 FOR NURSES Culture means a view of the world and a set Birth rate - The number of births per 1,000 of traditions a specific social group uses and population. Fertility rate - The number of pregnancies transmits to the next generation. Diversity means there is a mixture or per 1,000 women of childbearing age variety of sociodemographic groups, Fetal death rate- The number of fetal experiences, and beliefs in the population. deaths (over 500 g) per 1,000 live birth Neonatal death rate - The number of deaths Culture-specific Values are norms and patterns of behavior unique to one per 1,000 live births occurring at birth or in particular culture the first 28 days of life. Culture Universal Values refer to values, Perinatal death rate - The number of norms, and patterns shared across almost deaths of fetuses more than 500 g and in the all cultures. first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births. Ethnicity refers to the cultural group in the PMR (Perinatal Mortality Rate) - is a which a person was born. key outcome imdicator for newborn care Race refers to a category of people who and dirctly reflects prenatal, intrapartum, share socially recognized physical and newborn care. characteristics, often skin color or facial Maternal mortality rate- The number of features. It can also refer to a group of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births that occur as a direct result of the reproductive people who share the same ancestry. Acculturation refers to the loss of ethnic process. traditions because of disuse. Infant mortality rate- The number of Cultural Assimilation means people blend deaths per 1,000 live births occurring at birth or in the first 12 months of life. into the general population or adopt the Childhood mortality rate: The number of values of the dominant culture. deaths per 1,000 population in children, 1 to Ethnocentrism is the belief one’s own 14 years of age. culture is superior to all others.  Cultural Awareness is being aware that Increase the proportion of homeless people cultural differences exist. who suffer mental illness who are able to Cultural Competence is respecting cultural receive mental health services from 37% to differences or diversity 41%. Cultural Humility is a lifelong process of self-reflection and self-critique that begins, CULTURAL COMPETENCY FOR NURSES not with an assessment of a patient’s beliefs, but rather with an assessment of your own. Mores are the strongest of the social norms, Transcultural nursing which relate to the basic moral judgements ○ is care guided by cultural aspects and of a society. respects individual differences. Norms are pattern of behavior considered ○ Is a comparative study of cultures to acceptable or proper by a social group. understand similarities (culture Taboos are actions not acceptable to a universal) and difference culture. Three Universal Taboos are (culture-specific) across human groups murder, incest, and cannibalism. (Leininger, 1991) 2020 NATIONAL HEALTH GOALS RELATED TO NURSING PROCESS OVERVIEW CULTURAL INFLUENCES ON HEALTH CARE ➔ For care that respects Several National Health Goals are concerned with ➔ Cultural Diversity health practices that may be influenced by cultural ➔ Assessment factors. Increase the proportion of pregnant women ASSESSMENT who receive early, and adequate prenatal NURSING DIAGNOSIS care from a baseline of 70.5 % to a target of OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION AND 77.6 % PLANNING Increase the proportion of mothers who IMPLEMENTATION breastfeed their babies in the early OUTCOME EVALUATION postpartum period from a baseline of 43.5% to a target og 60.6%. ASSESSING FOR CULTURAL VALUES Increase the proportion of healthy full-term Questions to Ask or infants who are put down to sleep on their Area of Assessment Observations to make backs from a baseline of 69.0% to a target of Where were the parents and 75.9%. Ethnicity grandparents Increase the proportion of young children who receive all vaccines that have been What’s the main language Communication used in the home? recommended for universal administration from a baseline of 68% to a target of 80%. Does the family typically touch or hug each other? Do Reduce the rate of suicide from 11.3 per Touch they mainly use intimate or 100,000 to 10.2 per 100,000, a 10% decrease. conversational space? Reduce the adolescent suicide attempt rate Is being on time important? from 1.9 per 100 to 1.7 per 100, a 10% Time Is planning for the future decrease. important?  Do family members express Respectfully discuss the pain or remain stoic in the woman’s belief about not Pain face of it? What do family bathing while ill members believe best relieves pain? Feelings of powerlessness will be decreased Powerlessness related to Is the family nuclear? expectations of care not Extended? Single parent? Are Respectfully explore the Family Structure being respected the parents of the same sex? family’s expectations of their Are the family roles clear? health care Is the family male/ female dominant? What is the Male and Female Roles patient’s gender identity and SOCIOCULTURAL DIFFERENCES AND what pronouns does he/she IMPLICATIONS FOR DIVERSITY IN use? MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NURSING What is the family’s religion? Do members actively Religion participate? Will any of their ★ Stereotyping is expecting a person to act in beliefs directly affect your care or their treatment? a characteristic way without regard to his or her individuality. What does the family believe makes one healthy? Cause ★ Prejudice is a negative attitude toward Health Beliefs illness? Make illness better? members of a group or is an intellectual act. Do members use alternative therapies or traditional ★ Discrimination is the action of treating medical practices? people differently based on their physical or cultural traits or is a doing act. Does the family mainly eat ethnic foods? Are the foods Nutrition they enjoy easily available in their community? ASSESSING FOR CULTURAL VALUES Is the predominant culture in the community the same as Communicational Patterns Community the family? Can members name a neighbor they could 1. Language call on in a crisis? 2. Nonverbal Communication 3. Use of of Conversational Space EXAMPLES OF NURSING DIAGNOSES AND OUTCOMES RELATED TO CULTURAL DIVERSITY UNDERSTANDING SEXUAL ORIENTATION IN NCM 107 Outcomes/ Possible Nursing Nursing Diagnosis and Therapeutic … Interventions Family will be able to communicate their needs accurately to their health Impaired verbal care provider. communication related to limited English proficiency Assure that a translator is readily available when communicating with the family Anxiety related to woman’s Anxiety related to a cultural cultural preference will be preference for not wanting decreased. to bathe while ill