High Risk Construction Work Guide (NSW)

HIGH RISK CONSTRUCTION WORK A guide to the effective management of ‘high risk construction work’ under the NSW Work Health and Safety Regulation REVISION Page Rev No. Section/s Revised Docum...

HIGH RISK CONSTRUCTION WORK A guide to the effective management of ‘high risk construction work’ under the NSW Work Health and Safety Regulation REVISION Page Rev No. Section/s Revised Document Owner Revision Date No/s 1 Initial release All HSEQ Manager DOCUMENT USAGE KEY Blue text Information sourced from WHS regulations Blue text Important information. To be carefully noted. Green text Hyperlink to another section of this document. Click on the page number. Blue text Hyperlink to the relevant document in the Brefni SharePoint library Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 2 of 117 TABLE OF CONTENTS REVISION.................................................................................................................................................... 2 DOCUMENT USAGE KEY........................................................................................................................... 2 PART 1: REGULATORY OVERVIEW.......................................................................................................... 5 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................... 6 2 WHS REGULATION – INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................. 7 3 WHS REGULATION – HIERARCHY OF DOCUMENTS....................................................................... 8 4 THE WORK HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLAN............................................................... 9 5 HIGH RISK CONSTRUCTION WORK................................................................................................ 10 6 CODES OF PRACTICE....................................................................................................................... 11 7 OTHER GUIDANCE SOURCES......................................................................................................... 12 8 SAFE WORK METHOD STATEMENT – OVERVIEW......................................................................... 13 9 SAFE WORK METHOD STATEMENT – METHODOLOGY................................................................ 15 10 SAFE WORK METHOD STATEMENTS – BEST PRACTICE............................................................. 18 11 HIGH-RISK ACTIVITIES THAT ARE NOT HRCW.............................................................................. 20 PART 2: PREPARATION OF SWMS......................................................................................................... 21 12 WORK AT HEIGHT & FALLING OBJECTS....................................................................................... 22 13 EXCAVATION – SHAFT OR TRENCH > 1.5 METRES....................................................................... 43 14 LIVE TRAFFIC.................................................................................................................................... 55 15 MOBILE PLANT................................................................................................................................. 56 16 ASBESTOS......................................................................................................................................... 66 17 PRESSURISED GAS MAIN OR PIPING............................................................................................. 66 18 ENERGISED ELECTRICAL SERVICES............................................................................................. 66 19 CHEMICAL, FUEL OR REFRIGERANT LINES.................................................................................. 67 20 DEMOLITION...................................................................................................................................... 68 21 CONFINED SPACE............................................................................................................................ 69 22 TILT UP OR PRECAST CONCRETE.................................................................................................. 70 23 ARTIFICIAL EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE.................................................................................. 71 24 ON OR NEAR WATER........................................................................................................................ 72 25 STRUCTURAL ALTERATIONS OR TEMPORARY SUPPORT WORKS............................................ 73 26 FLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERE............................................................................................................ 74 27 TELECOMMUNICATIONS TOWER.................................................................................................... 75 28 EXPLOSIVES...................................................................................................................................... 76 Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 3 of 117 29 DIVING WORK.................................................................................................................................... 77 PART 3: COMMON CONTROLS............................................................................................................... 78 30 EXCLUSION ZONES.......................................................................................................................... 79 31 SAFE APPROACH DISTANCES: MOBILE PLANT – POWERLINES................................................ 86 PART 4: CHECKLISTS AND FORMS....................................................................................................... 88 32 CHECKLIST – WHSMP...................................................................................................................... 89 33 CHECKLIST – SWMS PREPARATION.............................................................................................. 93 34 PRO FORMA SWMS (INC. RISK REGISTER).................................................................................... 95 35 PRO FORMA SWMS (EXC. RISK REGISTER)................................................................................ 100 36 SWMS REGISTER............................................................................................................................ 104 37 CHECKLIST – SWMS REVIEW........................................................................................................ 105 38 LADDER SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST................................................................................. 106 39 FALL ARREST RESCUE PLAN CHECKLIST.................................................................................. 107 40 ELEVATED WORK PLATFORM RISK CHECKLIST........................................................................ 108 41 EXCAVATION PLANNING CHECKLIST.......................................................................................... 110 42 MOBILE POWERED PLANT CHECKLIST....................................................................................... 112 PART 5: GLOSSARY............................................................................................................................... 116 GLOSSARY............................................................................................................................................. 117 Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 4 of 117  PART 1: REGULATORY OVERVIEW Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 5 of 117 1 INTRODUCTION Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 6 of 117 2 WHS REGULATION – INTRODUCTION Work Health and Safety (WHS) laws are specific to each jurisdiction. Each state, the territories and the Commonwealth have enacted specific laws dealing with WHS. Over the period 2011 to 2020, all jurisdictions other than Victoria adopted the ‘Model’ WHS Act and Regulations. The Model laws were developed by Safe Work Australia (SWA) which is responsible for developing national policy relating to WHS and workers’ compensation. WHS laws are in the criminal jurisdiction. Severe penalties, including jail terms, apply where companies and individuals fail to comply with their obligations. Most jurisdictions also have industrial manslaughter laws which have effect where a person is reckless or grossly negligent in conduct which breaches a work health and safety duty and results in the death of another person. Each state, territory and the Commonwealth have their own regulatory agency which administers WHS laws including conducting investigations and prosecutions. In NSW the regulator is SafeWork NSW https://www.safework.nsw.gov.au/. In Queensland the regulator is WorkSafe QLD https://www.worksafe.qld.gov.au/. Over time, various differences have arisen between the various jurisdictions as the different regulators and parliament have responded to various local issues. This Guide to high-risk construction work refers to the NSW jurisdiction. In NSW, the principal legislation is the Work Health and Safety Act 2011 (NSW) (the WHS Act) https://legislation.nsw.gov.au/view/html/inforce/current/act-2011-010. A ‘regulation’ is a statutory instrument that is made pursuant to the Act, and which does not need to be passed by the Parliament in order to have legal effect. Regulations will generally include more specific and detailed obligations and requirements and can be amended very quickly. The NSW regulation is the Work Health and Safety Regulation 2017 (NSW) (WHS Regulation) https://legislation.nsw.gov.au/view/html/inforce/current/sl-2017-0404 A Code of Practice (CoP) is an even more detailed suite of information that is issued under the authority of the relevant Minister. CoPs deal with specific classes of risk by providing detailed information on how the standards required under WHS laws can be met (refer Part 1, Section 7, p.12). Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 7 of 117 3 WHS REGULATION – HIERARCHY OF DOCUMENTS The primary sources of WHS duties are the WHS Act and the Regulations. Where a CoP has been approved by the Minister, it operates as the next level obligation in relation to the risk category that it deals with. SWA issues ‘Model CoPs’; however, not all jurisdictions adopt all of them at the same time or at all. SWA also provides other guidance material that does not form part of a CoP. For example, SWA provides a Fact Sheet dealing with vehicle roll-aways and safe immobilisation which is more detailed in relation to these risks than the Model CoP: Managing risks of plant in the workplace. The Office of the Federal Safety Commissioner (OFSC) is a Commonwealth agency that prequalifies contractors who wish to tender and execute Commonwealth funded construction work. The OFSC also provides a wide range of guidance material of value to construction contractors; however, the material is not legally binding. Australian Standards are also relevant as a source of guidance for may common controls that are deployed in construction. For example, AS/NZS 4994:2023 provides detailed guidance in relation to temporary edge protection. Other jurisdictions, particularly the United Kingdom, can be helpful when looking for guidance for specific risk classes. Many WHS controls, such as for work at height, utilise proprietary fall protection systems. When such controls are deployed, the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) specifications and manuals become important guidance materials. The final document is the Principal Contractor (PC) Work Health and Safety Management Plan (WHSMP) (refer Part 1, Section 4, p.9). The WHSMP is a mandatory requirement for PCs and must address a number of risk classes as well as outlining site-specific rules and other matters. Compliance with the WHSMP is generally a contractual requirement of the PC. The schematic below summarises the hierarchy of these materials: Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 8 of 117 4 THE WORK HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLAN The WHS Regulation requires the PC to prepare a written WHSMP before any work commences. The content of the WHSMP is specified by the Regulation. The Regulation also requires the PC to deal with a number of other risks. Although the Regulation does not specify where and how these controls are to be deployed, they are almost invariably included in the WHSMP. This Guide is premised on the assumption that the WHSMP includes both classes of content. In addition, many PCs include additional company- specific or site-specific requirements which also must be identified. A Safe Work Method Statement (SWMS) must be prepared taking account of the WHSMP. It is therefore essential to obtain the WHSMP before commencing development of the SWMS; and to ensure that: (a) the WHSMP meets all the minimum requirements of the Regulation; and (b) any site specific or unusual requirements are identified and understood. Many WHSMPs are provided by PCs in the tender phase and are often not complete. If the WHSMP does not deal with all of the matters specified by the Regulation, or if it is missing appendices or annexures, then the PC must be so advised. At Part 4, Section 32, p.89 there is a WHSMP Checklist. All WHSMPs must be assessed against this checklist before any SWMS is developed. Risk Register A Risk Register is a table outlining the likelihood and consequence of site risks, an overall risk rating, a summary of the controls applicable to those risks, and the residual risk rating. There is no requirement in the Regulation to include a Risk Register in the WHSMP; however, it is a very common practice. If a Risk Register is included in the WHSMP, it is not necessary to include it in the SWMS; however, many PCs require that the SWMS include initial and residual risk ratings. The CoP: Construction Work includes reference to the WHSMP including the provision and maintenance of a hazardous chemicals register; safety data sheets and hazardous chemicals storage; the safe use and storage of plant; the development of a construction project traffic management plan; workplace security and public safety; and ensuring workers have appropriate licences and training to undertake the construction work. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 9 of 117 5 HIGH RISK CONSTRUCTION WORK The following activities are High Risk Construction Work (HRCW). Before these activities commence, a SWMS must be developed and submitted to the PC. Activity Work at Height – Risk of a Fall < 2 metres Excavation – Shaft or Trench < 1.5 metres Mobile Plant Asbestos Live Traffic Pressurised Gas Main or Piping Energised Electrical Services Chemical, Fuel or Refrigerant Lines Demolition Confined Space Tilt Up or Precast Concrete Artificial Extremes of Temperature On or Near Water Structural Alterations or Temporary Support Works Flammable Atmosphere Telecommunications Tower Explosives Diving Work Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 10 of 117 6 CODES OF PRACTICE A CoP is issued by the Minster under the Act. CoPs provide detailed information about what is known about hazards and risks, and what is reasonably practicable in controlling hazards and risks. The Act provides that Brefni is deemed to know what is contained in CoPs. CoPs are not mandatory in the same way as the Act and Regulation, provided that any alternative approach results in at least an equivalent standard of safety. Part 2 of this Guide is intended to provide you with an overview of the applicable CoPs as they apply to HRCW and includes standard controls that will generally be applicable to the HRCW in question. NSW Codes of Practice – Construction Item Version Web location Abrasive Blasting December 2022 SafeWork NSW Confined Spaces December 2022 SafeWork NSW Construction Work August 2019 SafeWork NSW Demolition Work August 2019 SafeWork NSW Excavation Work January 2020 SafeWork NSW First Aid in the Workplace January 2020 SafeWork NSW Formwork June 2020 SafeWork NSW Hazardous Manual Tasks August 2019 SafeWork NSW How to Manage and Control Asbestos in the Workplace December 2022 SafeWork NSW How to Manage Work Health and Safety Risks August 2019 SafeWork NSW How to Safely Remove Asbestos December 2022 SafeWork NSW Managing Electrical Risks August 2019 SafeWork NSW Managing Noise and Preventing Hearing Loss at Work December 2022 SafeWork NSW Managing Psychosocial Hazards at Work May 2021 SafeWork NSW Managing the Risks of Falls at Workplaces August 2019 SafeWork NSW Managing the Risk of Plant in the Workplace December 2022 SafeWork NSW Managing the Work Environment and Facilities August 2019 SafeWork NSW Safe Design of Structures August 2019 SafeWork NSW Sexual and Gender-Based Harassment June 2024 SafeWork NSW Spray Painting and Powder Coating December 2022 SafeWork NSW Welding Processes December 2022 SafeWork NSW Work Health and Safety Consultation, Cooperation and December 2022 SafeWork NSW Coordination Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 11 of 117 7 OTHER GUIDANCE SOURCES In addition to the Codes of Practice, the following additional guidance is available to assist in the preparation and assessment of SWMS: Safe Work Australia Item Version Web location Safe Work Method Statement for High Risk Construction December 2014 SafeWork Australia Work Information Sheet Office of the Federal Safety Commissioner Fact Sheet – Safe Work Method Statements – Office of the FSC Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 12 of 117 8 SAFE WORK METHOD STATEMENT – OVERVIEW 8.1 WHS REGULATION The Regulation requires that HRCW cannot commence until a SWMS is prepared. The SWMS must: (a) identify the work that is HRCW (b) specify the hazards relating to the HRCW and risks associated with those hazards (c) describe the measures that will control the risks (d) describe how the control measures are to be implemented, monitored and reviewed. The SWMS must be prepared taking into account all relevant matters, including (a) circumstances at the workplace that may affect the way in which the HRCW is carried out (b) the content of the WHSMP prepared by the Principal Contractor The SWMS must be set out and expressed in a way that is readily accessible and understandable to workers and supervisors. Before HRCW commences, the SWMS must be given to the Principal Contractor. Most Principal Contractors will want to review and critique the SWMS and then formally approve it for use on site. There are generally specific deadlines as to when SWMS should be submitted. These requirements are generally contained in the WHSMP. The WHSMP will also often require SWMS to contain material in addition to that required by the Regulation and Codes. The SWMS must be reviewed and revised where: (a) the SWMS and its controls are not effective (b) before there is any change on site that may give rise to new or different risks including any change to the site or the work environment or a change to a system, process or procedure (c) a new hazard or risk is identified (d) a consultative process indicates that a review is required (e) requested by a Health and Safety Representative Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 13 of 117 Where SWMS are deployed, specific arrangements must be made to ensure that the HRCW is carried out in accordance with the SWMS. If it is not, the work must be stopped immediately, or as soon as is safe to do so, and can only be resumed in accordance with the SWMS. The SWMS must be available to all workers carrying out the HRCW. If there is a Notifiable Incident in relation to the HRCW covered by the SWMS, it must be kept on file for 2 years. 8.2 CODE OF PRACTICE – CONSTRUCTION WORK If more than one PCBU has the duty to ensure a SWMS is or has been prepared, they must consult and cooperate with each other to coordinate who will be responsible for actually preparing it. Where there are different classes of HRCW occurring at the same time one SWMS may be prepared to cover all the HRCW. Alternatively, a separate SWMS can be prepared for each type of high risk construction work. If separate SWMS are prepared, you must assess how the different work activities may impact on each other and whether this may lead to inconsistencies between control measures. The content of a SWMS should provide clear direction on the control measures to be implemented. There should be no statements that require a decision to be made by supervisors or workers. For example, the statement ‘use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)’ does not detail the control measures. The control measures should be clearly specified. A SWMS must take into account the circumstances at the workplace that may affect the way in which the high risk construction work is carried out – that is, the site where the high risk construction work is being carried out, the work environment and the workers carrying out the work. Workers and HSRs, if any, must be consulted when preparing SWMS. If there are no workers engaged at the planning stage, consultation must occur with workers when the SWMS is first made available to workers, for example during workplace-specific training or a toolbox talk. Workers and HSRs, if any, must also be consulted when a SWMS is reviewed. The SWMS must ensure it identifies the high risk construction work, specifies the hazards relating to the high risk construction work and any related risks to health and safety, describes the measures to be implemented so the risks can be controlled adequately, and describes how the control measures implemented may be monitored and reviewed adequately. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 14 of 117 9 SAFE WORK METHOD STATEMENT – METHODOLOGY Planning Timeline The SWMS will go through a series of review stages before it is finalised and submitted to the PC (where Brefni is not the PC) or receiving final approval within Brefni. The following chart is an indicative timeline for development, review and approval: SWMS timeline 9.1 STEP 1: PREPARATION 1. Identify the classes of HRCW that are to be undertaken. 2. Review the WHSMP and the WHSMP Checklist (completed by Pre-Contracts - refer to Section 4: The Work Health and Safety Management Plan, p.9) and identify any project or client specific requirements that may be required. These may include: additional requirements for the SWMS content such as a task-specific Risk Register, additional review and approval processes, additional risk mitigation tools (e.g. Permit to Work, Job Safety Analysis, Take Two, Take Five) additional controls (e.g. barricading, isolation, signage, No Touch) additional training, induction or other competency requirements additional PPE. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 15 of 117  3. Identify the applicable CoPs. 4. Determine how consultation with workers will be undertaken. Ideally this should occur with the workers and supervisors who will carry out the HRCW. As a minimum it must occur at the point that the workers are inducted on to the site or prior to carrying out the work. 5. Complete the SWMS Preparation Checklist (Part 4, Section 33, p.93). 9.2 STEP 2: DEVELOPMENT There are 2 Brefni SWMS templates: One has a risk register included (Pro forma SWMS (inc. Risk Register) Section 34, p.95) One does not have a risk register included (Pro forma SWMS (exc. Risk Register) Section 35, p.100) Using one of these templates: 1. Complete the project-specific details on the cover page. 2. List the tasks that need to be completed in the order in which they are to be undertaken. 3. If required by the WHSMP, allocate a Risk Rating to each hazard. 4. Describe the controls that are to be applied to each hazard. Use the material provided in the HRCW Guide, applying the Hierarchy of Controls to each hazard. 5. Describe how the control measures will be implanted, supervised and reviewed. This should include nominating responsible persons by name. 6. Submit the SWMS (final draft) to the PC for approval. Where Brefni is PC, approval is to be obtained from the HSEQ Manager or Coordinator. The SWMS is first and foremost a tool for the workers who are carrying out the HRCW. It should be as succinct and clear as possible. Overly detailed SWMS can be hard to understand and monitor. If the SWMS is becoming overly complex or lengthy, consider the development of separate SWMS – these may be by work group, by activity or in order of the HRCW activity. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 16 of 117 9.3 STEP 3: IMPLEMENTATION 1. Complete the consultation process defined at Step 1 and record the matters raised. 2. Amend the SWMS as required (NB. This may require re-submission to the PC). 3. Take the relevant group(s) of workers through the SWMS, describing the controls and how they will be monitored. 4. Outline Brefni’s requirement that workers must immediately cease work if: the SWMS is not being complied with the SWMS appears to be or likely to be ineffective any worker has a concern about their safety or that of others 5. Have all workers sign on to the SWMS. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 17 of 117 10 SAFE WORK METHOD STATEMENTS – BEST PRACTICE 1. Ensure that the SWMS follows the same sequence as the flow of work that is to be carried out. 2. Do not include earlier works that have been completed. It is better to have more SWMS than fewer, with each SWMS dealing with a specific and relevant set of hazards that will be encountered during that day’s work processes. 3. Do not ‘group’ hazards. This may undermine the ability to have a clear and specific link between the hazard and the control. 4. Do not refer to other documents (for example a Safety Data Sheet) without including the relevant detail. That is, do not include “Refer to XXXXX” or the equivalent. 5. Ensure that you are mitigating risk in accordance with the Hierarchy of Control. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 18 of 117  6. Be specific as to how and who will be responsible for supervising the SWMS. 7. Ensure that the PC has received and reviewed the SWMS before works commence. 8. Ensure that all workers are aware and empowered with respect to ceasing work if they do not understand the SWMS, it is ineffective, or a new hazard is detected. 9. Review the SWMS regularly. Even if the work processes are the same over time, there will inevitably be new hazards presented by other activities on site, the environment (e.g. weather). 10. Even if there are no changes to work processes or environments, SWMS should be reviewed and workers consulted and briefed after absences from work, site shutdowns, relevant incidents, and in any other case fortnightly as a minimum. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 19 of 117 11 HIGH-RISK ACTIVITIES THAT ARE NOT HRCW content Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 20 of 117  PART 2: PREPARATION OF SWMS Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 21 of 117 12 WORK AT HEIGHT & FALLING OBJECTS This section provides guidance on working at height and falling objects. Checklists and forms related to this section include the Ladder Safety Inspection Checklist (Section 38, p.106), the Fall Arrest Rescue Plan Checklist (Section 39, p.107), and the Elevating Working Platform Risk Checklist (Section 40, p.108). 12.1 WHS REGULATION (a) A PCBU must manage risks associated with falls at a workplace. (b) A ‘fall’ is defined as a fall from one level to another, that is reasonably likely to cause injury, including: an elevated workplace in the vicinity of an opening through which a person could fall in the vicinity of an edge from which a person could fall a surface through which a person could fall (c) A PCBU must ensure, so far as reasonably practical, that where there is a risk of a fall, work is carried out on the ground or on a solid construction. ‘Solid Construction’ means the surface is structurally capable of supporting all persons and things that may be placed on it, barriers around the perimeter and any opening, an even and readily negotiable surface and gradient, and a safe means of entry and exit (d) A PCBU must minimise the risk of an object falling on a person. (e) A PCBU must conduct a Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Control (HIRAC) process and apply the hierarchy of control in respect of the risk of falls and falling objects The WHS Regulation applies to all fall related hazards. Fall hazards include trips and slips, and accessing plant and equipment. Where the fall hazard is ≥ 2 metres, the work becomes HRCW, and must be managed through a SWMS in addition to the requirements of the Regulation. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 22 of 117 12.2 NSW CODE OF PRACTICE: MANAGING THE RISK OF FALLS AT WORKPLACES (AUGUST 2019) 12.2.1 Common fall hazards The CoP lists the following fall hazards: edges such as work platforms, leading edges, walkways, roofs, or incomplete stairwells penetrations such as holes, shafts, openings, pits, trenches or excavations surfaces, including stability, fragility or brittleness; ability to support a load; potential for slips and trips; hazards arising from slopes and gradients and changes in surfaces level changes slipping potential, including when surfaces are wet stability of both permit and temporary structures circumstances where hand grip opportunities may be limited use of Elevating Work Platforms (EWP) use of ladders falling objects 12.2.2 Risk controls You must apply the Hierarchy of Controls when mitigating risk: Type of Control Example 1 Engineering Controls Hard barriers, penetration covers 2 Substitution Controls Assembling items on the ground 3 Isolation Controls Hard barriers 4 Administrative Controls Signage, spotters 5 PPE Safety boots, hard hat 12.2.3 Planning the work Planning must include consultation with all relevant parties including the PC, subcontractors, and designers. 12.2.4 Consultation Whenever a HIRAC process is undertaken, including in the development of SWMS, you must consult with the workers who will be undertaking the work. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 23 of 117 12.3 EDGE PROTECTION All unprotected edges must have a hard barrier installed. This includes a top rail, mid rail and toe board. Perimeter scaffold Timber edge protection (Guard rails) Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 24 of 117  Mesh protection Dimensions The minimum load rating for each component of the barrier is 0.55 kN or 56 kg. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 25 of 117 12.4 PENETRATIONS, VOIDS AND EXCAVATIONS Holes, penetrations and other openings must be barricaded, covered or meshed. Embedded mesh Penetration cover Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 26 of 117  Core hole cover Penetration/Trench cover Covers must be securely fastened to the substrate to ensure that they cannot be dislodged or removed. Not less than 4 fasteners must be installed (Minimum tensile load 2.7 kN, e.g. 12 mm Dynabolt or equivalent). Covers must be rated to at least 2 kN or 200 kg. Covers should be painted yellow or orange and signed “Danger – Penetration” or “Danger – Hole Beneath” or in the absence of proprietary signage, marked “Peno”. Do not store materials on or near a penetration cover. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 27 of 117  Penetration signage Hard Barrier – larger void Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 28 of 117  Hard Barrier – excavation Hard Barrier – trench Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 29 of 117 12.5 LADDERS Where the use of a ladder is putting a worker at risk of falling more than 2 metres, the proposed activity becomes High Risk Construction Work. This means that the use of a ladder will almost always require the preparation of a SWMS. 12.5.1 Ladder Usage A ladder should generally only be utilised where a risk assessment indicates that: using another work-at-height solution is not justified because the risk of falls is low; and the ladder will be used for a short duration (< 30 minutes) 12.5.2 Ladder Selection Ladders should have a load rating of at least 120 kg and be manufactured for industrial use. Domestic or ‘homemade’ ladders should not be selected for industrial use or for use on construction sites. Step ladders should be avoided in favour of platform ladders. Platform ladder Step ladder Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 30 of 117 12.5.3 Ladder set-up The ladder should be at an angle of 1:4, with at least 3 rungs above the point of access. Ladder set-up 12.5.4 Securing the ladder The ladder should be secured at the top and the base. “Footing” the ladder should be a last resort where there is no alternative securing solution. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 31 of 117 12.5.5 Ladder use Always follow the “TOOT” principles of ladder usage. TOOT Tool Belt Do not carry equipment in your hands Overreach Ensure belt buckle is always within the stiles Overload Do not carry heavy equipment Three Points Maintain three points of contact at all times 12.6 FALL ARREST SYSTEMS A Fall Arrest System is a mechanism designed to stop a worker falling an uncontrolled distance and reduce the impact of any fall. Fall Arrest Systems can only be used if it is not reasonably practical to use a fall prevention device or work positioning system such as an EWP. 12.6.1 Safety Nets must be installed and inspected by qualified persons (High Risk Work Licence – Basic Rigging or Scaffolding) must be not less than 2 metres below the work area Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 32 of 117  must be sufficiently well tensioned to ensure that no falling person can contact any structure or surface must not be exposed to hot work. Safety net 12.6.2 Catch platforms must be installed and inspected by qualified persons (High Risk Work Licence – Intermediate or Advanced Scaffolding) must include a fully planked out deck should extend at least 2 metres from the unprotected edge unless guard rails are fitted. Catch Platform Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 33 of 117 12.6.3 Fall restraint system A fall restraint system is a higher order (preferred) control to fall arrest systems. It does not require a rescue plan. Static lines must be installed and inspected in accordance with AS/NZS 1891.2 and AS/NZS 1891.4.- Industrial Fall-Arrest Systems and Devices. Fall restraint system Personal Fall Arrest System A Personal Fall Arrest System must not be used unless a rescue plan is in place – this includes at least one additional person on site who can carry out the rescue. The potential fall distance must not exceed 2 metres. Additionally, a Personal Fall Arrest System: must be used only be persons who have received training must have its anchorage points inspected by a competent person in accordance with AS/NZS 1891.2 and AS/NZS 1891.4.- Industrial Fall-Arrest Systems and Devices must have all components inspected by a competent person before usage and after any fall. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 34 of 117  Personal fall arrest system When planning the use of a Fall Arrest System ensure that the following risks are assessed: Limiting free fall distance: Ensure that in the event of a fall, there is sufficient Pendulum effecf clearance above any structure or surface below the worker. Swing back: Ensure that any ‘pendulum effect’ following a fall is prevented. This may require the use of intermediate anchorage points or belay systems. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 35 of 117 12.6.4 Twin Lanyards Do not use a Twin Lanyard that is not fitted with an alloy ring. INCORRECT – DO NOT USE CORRECT Do not pass lanyards between legs or around the body Remember that connectors will always gravitate to the lowest point on the fixture Do not place chest higher than the highest point(s) of attachment. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 36 of 117 12.7 FALL ARREST RESCUE PLAN This section provides information on the preparation of a Fall Arrest Rescue Plan. Workers are not permitted to use fall arrest systems unless a Rescue Plan has been developed specifically for the site and the work being undertaken. While Emergency Services (000) may be included in the Rescue Plan, the risk of Suspension Trauma is such that they are unlikely to arrive at site on time. The Rescue Plan must therefore assume that Emergency Services are unavailable. The Fall Arrest Rescue Plan Checklist is provided in Part 4 at Section 39: Fall Arrest Rescue Plan Checklist, p.107. 12.7.1 Types of Rescue The hierarchy of rescue types, in descending order, is: Rescue type Most preferred Remotely lowering the casualty Remotely raising the casualty Self-evacuation by descent Least preferred Rescuing another by descent 12.7.2 Anchor points If the Rescue Plan includes the use of the same equipment (particularly anchor points) as the original fall arrest system, then the Plan needs to include assurances that the system can support the additional load of the rescuer. Deadweight Anchors are a particular risk in these circumstances. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 37 of 117 12.8 SUSPENSION TRAUMA Suspension Trauma (Syncope or Orthostatic Shock) occurs when the human body is held in an upright position without any movement. Rear attaching harnesses used in fall arrest systems are not designed for prolonged suspension and the leg straps will place pressure on the femoral veins and nerves. This will in turn lead fainting and the high likelihood of death. Symptoms include faintness, tingling or numbness of the arms or legs, breathlessness, sweating, nausea, dizziness, low blood pressure, unconsciousness. DEATH CAN OCCUR WITHIN TEN MINUTES. If the casualty is conscious, they should be encouraged to gently keep their legs moving with the objective of stimulating blood flow. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 38 of 117 12.9 CALCULATING FALL CLEARANCES The diagrams below provide guidance on how to calculate fall clearance. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 39 of 117 Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 40 of 117 12.10 USE OF ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS An EWP is a type of powered mobile plant intended to lift and lower people and equipment using telescopic, hinged or articulated motorised or hydraulic systems. EWPs include: Scissor Lift Self-propelled Boom Lift Truck-mounted Boom Lift Telehandler (with basket) 12.10.1 EWP Hazards Common hazards associated with EWPs in construction include structural failure, rollover, collision with other vehicles or structures, contact with energised power lines, crushing and entrapment, work at height, falling objects, and inadequate ventilation (fuelled equipment). 12.10.2 Licensing Requirements The operator of a Boom Lift or Telehandler EWP with a boom length of 11 metres or more requires a High Risk Work Licence. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 41 of 117 12.10.3 Fall Arrest Systems Fall Arrest systems are mandatory for workers in Boom Lift EWPs. 12.10.4 Checklist Before an EWP is permitted to operate on a Brefni site, the Project Manager must ensure that the EWP Risk Checklist (Section 40, p.108) is completed. 12.10.5 Pre-Start Inspection The Operator must complete a Pre-Start Inspection. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 42 of 117 13 EXCAVATION – SHAFT OR TRENCH > 1.5 METRES This section provides guidance on the risks related to excavation work. An Excavation Planning Checklist is provided in Part 4 Section 41, p.110. 13.1 WHS REGULATION (a) A person in control of a workplace conducting excavation work must take all reasonable steps to obtain information about underground essential services in the area and any adjacent area. (b) The person in control must provide that information to any other person who is engaged to carry out the excavation work. (c) The person in control must have regard to the inground services information in directing or allowing the work. (d) The person in control must ensure that the inground service information is available for inspection by SafeWork NSW. (e) A person conducting excavation must conduct a Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Control (HIRAC) process and apply the hierarchy of control, including the risks of: a person falling into the excavation a person being trapped by the collapse of an excavation a person working in an excavation being hit by a falling object a person working in an excavation being exposed to an airborne contaminant (f) In conducting the HIRAC process the person must have regard to: the nature of the excavation the nature of the excavation work, including the range of methods to carry out the work the means of entry and exit (if applicable) (g) A person who proposes to excavate a trench at least 1.5 metres deep must ensure that the work area is secured from unauthorised access, including inadvertent entry. (h) A person who excavates a trench must minimise the risk to any person arising from the collapse of the trench by shoring, benching, or battering; unless there is a written advice from a geotechnical engineer that the sides of the trench are safe from collapse. Such advice must state the period of time to which it applies and may be subject to a condition that certain natural occurrences may create a risk of collapse. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 43 of 117 13.2 NSW CODE OF PRACTICE: EXCAVATION WORK (JANUARY 2020) This section looks at common excavation risks and methods to control them. 13.2.1 Common excavation risks The CoP lists the following common excavation risks: underground essential services including gas, water, sewerage, telecommunications, electricity, chemicals and fuel or refrigerant in pipes or lines the fall or dislodgement of earth or rock falls from one level to another falling objects inappropriate placement of excavated materials, plant or other loads the instability of adjoining structures caused by the excavation previous disturbance of the ground including previous excavation the instability of the excavation due to persons or plant working adjacent to the excavation the presence of or possible in-rush of water or other liquid hazardous manual tasks hazardous chemicals, which may be present in the soil where excavation work is to be carried out hazardous atmosphere in an excavation, which could result from practices like using solvent cement for PVC pipes in poorly ventilated trenches vibration and hazardous noise overhead essential services, such as powerlines, and ground-mounted essential services such as transformers, gas and water meters. 13.2.2 Risk controls You must apply the Hierarchy of Controls when mitigating risk: Type of Control Example 1 Engineering Controls Benching, battering or shoring to control excavation collapse 2 Substitution Controls Using a rock breaker instead of explosives 3 Isolation Controls Hard barriers 4 Administrative Controls Signage, spotters 5 PPE Safety boots, hard hat 13.2.3 Planning the work Planning, including the development of SWMS, must include consultation with all relevant parties including the PC, subcontractors, designers, and mobile plant operators. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 44 of 117 13.2.4 Consultation Whenever a HIRAC process is undertaken, including in the development of SWMS, you must consult with the workers who will be undertaking the work. Structural or geotechnical engineers may also need to be consulted. Use the Excavation Planning Checklist (see Part 4 Section 41, p.110) to confirm all aspects of the excavation have been considered. 13.3 ESSENTIAL SERVICES Overview Essential Services include supply infrastructure for gas, water, electricity, sewerage, telecommunications, and process control; and pipelines for hydrocarbons, refrigerants or other chemicals. Any proposed excavation activity that is to take place in the vicinity of pressurised gas distribution mains or piping; chemical, fuel or refrigerant lines; and energised electrical installations; is HRCW in its own right and requires the SWMS to include applicable CoP(s) dealing with that risk. Note that the use of mobile plant such as excavators, piling and boring rigs, dumpers and the like in the vicinity of overhead electrical infrastructure will fall under this requirement. Underground services No excavation activity can be commenced unless and until an inground services check has been completed. For public spaces, this must include making contact with Before You Dig Australia (BYDA) https://www.byda.com.au/. Brefni staff should access BYDA through an account linked to your Brefni email address. For private land, the asset owner, client or principal contractor must be consulted in relation to the location and nature of inground services. Electromagnetic Induction and Ground Penetrating Radar Specialist equipment and subcontractors can deploy specialist equipment to detect metallic and non- metallic piping and other structures to a depth of 2–3 metres. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 45 of 117 Potholing Potholing is the use of hand tools and/or high pressure water and vacuums to excavate and expose inground services. Many asset owners will require vacuum excavation as a condition precedent before commencing excavation work in the area. Exposed inground services All inground services maps and diagrams must by physically validated using potholing techniques before excavation activities are commenced. Suppliers Brefni has relationships with two service search providers: Suresearch Underground Services https://suresearch.com.au/ 1300 884 520 Durkin Construction https://www.durkinconstruction.com.au/ (02) 9712 0308 13.4 SECURING THE AREA Before commencing any excavation that will be 1.5 or metres deep or more, the work area must be secured from any unauthorised access by other workers or the public. Where the area cannot be fully secured with a hard barrier, a sufficient number of Spotters must be deployed to ensure that access is controlled at all times. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 46 of 117 13.5 ZONE OF INFLUENCE Any excavation has a ‘zone of influence’ – this is the area where spoil, plant, vehicles or other loads will add to the weight surrounding the excavation and reduce stability. The zone of influence is generally in that area at a 45° angle from the base of the excavation to the surface: Shored excavation limited to spoil loads Shored excavation designed for vehicle and spoil load 13.5.1 Benching and battering Different soil types have widely varying degrees of cohesion and frictional resistance. Dry sand, saturated sand and gravel with low clay content have particularly low cohesive strength. Non or low cohesive faces Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 47 of 117 are hazardous. Minor variations in moisture content can cause rapid crumbling. As soil stresses increase, the excavated face may fail under adverse weather vibration or excessive loads. Be particularly aware of deep cuts and steep slopes where the side support has been removed; excessive loads on the surface near the top of the face – for example dumped spoil, mobile plant; vibration due to piling, blasting, drilling or passing loads; or groundwater or rainfall affecting soil weight and volume. Types of ground collapse Tension crack Sliding or sloughing Often formed at a horizontal distance of 0.5 to 0.75 times Occurs as a result of tension cracks the depth of the excavation Toppling Subsidence and bulging Occurs as a result of tension cracks Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 48 of 117  Sliding Base heave Caused by downward pressure from adjoining soil These risks may be controlled by benching or battering. What is a safe slope? An excavated slope is safe when the ground is stable. This means that the slope does not change shape, there is no movement of material down the slope, and the toe of the slope remains in place. Benching Benching is the creation of a series of steps in the vertical walls of the excavation to reduce wall heights and enhance stability: Benching As a rule of thumb, benches should be created at each one metre of depth and cut back by one metre. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 49 of 117 Battering Battering is the intentional creation of a slope that is less than the natural angle of repose for the soil in question: Battering Battering and Benching Both techniques can be used together: Battering and Benching content Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 50 of 117 13.6 SHORING A shoring system is a positive ground support system that can be used when the location or depth of an excavation makes battering and benching impracticable. Shoring is commonly used to prevent the movement of soil and potential ground collapse. All shoring systems must be designed and certified by a Competent Person. Light duty hydraulic shoring system Trench sheeting system Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 51 of 117  Trench box Trench sheeting system Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 52 of 117 13.7 SHEET PILING Sheet Piles are interlocking sections of uniform steel sheeting which can provide temporary or permanent retaining support for trenching and other excavations. Anchoring and/or internal bracing may be required to ensure adequate support. All piling systems must be designed and certified by a Competent Person. Sheet piling Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 53 of 117 13.8 OTHER GROUND SUPPORT SYSTEMS Secant piling is the construction of a ground support system by installing intersecting reinforced concrete piles. Primary piles are installed first with secondary (male) piles constructed in between primary (female) piles once the latter gain sufficient strength. Secant Pile Wall Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 54 of 117 14 LIVE TRAFFIC Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 55 of 117 15 MOBILE PLANT This section provides guidance on working with mobile plant. 15.1 WHS REGULATION (a) The person with management or control of powered mobile plant must manage risks associated with the plant overturning, things falling on the operator, the operator being ejected, the plant colliding with any person or thing and mechanical failure of pressurised elements that may release fluids. (b) The person in control must ensure that a suitable combination of operator protective devices for the plant is provided, maintained and used. (c) The person in control must ensure that no person other than the operator rides on the plant unless the person is provided with a level of protection that is equivalent to that provided to the operator. (d) The person must ensure that the plant does not collide with pedestrians or other powered mobile plant. If there is a possibility of the plant colliding with pedestrians or other powered mobile plant, the person must ensure that the plant has a warning device that will warn persons who may be at risk from the movement of the plant. (e) Where plant is used to lift or suspend persons or things: (i) The person in control must ensure that the plant used is specifically designed to lift or suspend the load. (ii) If it is not reasonably practicable to use plant that is specifically designed to lift or suspend the load, the person must ensure that the plant does not cause a greater risk to health and safety than if specifically designed plant were used. (iii) The person must ensure that the lifting and suspending is carried out with lifting attachments that are suitable for the load being lifted or suspended, and within the safe working limits of the plant. (iv) The person must ensure that no loads are suspended or travel over a person unless the plant is specifically designed for that purpose. (v) The person must ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that loads are lifted or suspended in a way that ensures that the load remains under control during the activity. (vi) The person must ensure that no load is lifted simultaneously by more than 1 item of plant unless the method of lifting ensures that the load placed on each item of plant does not exceed the design capacity of the plant. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 56 of 117 15.2 NSW CODE OF PRACTICE: MANAGING THE RISKS OF PLANT IN THE WORKPLACE This section looks at common risks associated with mobile plant in the workplace. Plant is a major cause of work-related death and injury in Australian workplaces. 15.2.1 Common plant risks The CoP lists significant risks associated with using plant. Severe injuries can result from the unsafe use of plant including: limbs amputated by unguarded moving parts of machines being crushed by mobile plant sustaining fractures from falls while accessing, operating or maintaining plant electric shock from plant that is not adequately protected or isolated, and burns or scalds due to contact with hot surfaces, or exposure to flames or hot fluids. Other risks include hearing loss due to noisy plant and musculoskeletal disorders caused by manually handling or operating poorly designed plant. 15.2.2 Risk controls You must apply the Hierarchy of Controls when mitigating risk: Type of Control Example 1 Engineering Controls Automated collision avoidance systems 2 Substitution Controls Using smaller equipment 3 Isolation Controls Hard barriers 4 Administrative Controls Signage, spotters 5 PPE Safety boots, hard hat 15.2.3 Planning the work Planning, including the development of SWMS, must include consultation with all relevant parties including the PC, subcontractors, and mobile plant operators. 15.2.4 Consultation Whenever a HIRAC process is undertaken, including in the development of SWMS, you must consult with the workers who will be undertaking the work. The Mobile Powered Plant Checklist (Part 4, Section 42, p.112) should be completed in order to identify hazards related to plant operations. 15.3 BLIND SPOTS All mobile plant has blind spots where the operator is unable to see all of the operating zone. This is compounded when reversing and when buckets and other attachments are raised. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 57 of 117 Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 58 of 117 15.4 EXCLUSION ZONES Wherever possible, mobile plant should operate within an exclusion zone. Solid barriers such as temporary fencing or water-filled barricades are preferred; however, there will be occasions when star picket and bunting is the only practical solution. The minimum exclusion zone is a perimeter of 5 metres outside the plant’s range of operations. This assessment must include the type of plant, what work is being performed and the potential movement of the plant – including slewing ranges of implements, arms and counterweights, as well as any stabilising equipment. Access to exclusion zones is limited to the plant operator and spotter dedicated to that plant. Access is only permitted to others if visual or radio contact has been made with the operator, the plant is stopped with implements on the ground and the operator and spotter have confirmed access. See also Section 30: Exclusion Zones (p.79) for further information. Water-filled barriers Temporary fencing Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 59 of 117  Temporary fencing Star picket and bunting Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 60 of 117 15.5 SPOTTERS A spotter is a competent person specifically assigned the duty of observing and warning both operators of plant and ground personnel of nearby hazards. Spotters must observe a single plant/vehicle at any one time. Spotters’ duties include: providing clear and effective communication to operators and ground personnel maintaining delineation and exclusion zones preventing unauthorised access into exclusion zones positioning themselves out of the impact zone stopping the works if a risk is unable to be controlled raising the alarm or initiate an emergency response when required. Spotters will be identified by particular coloured hard hats, marked vests or sleeves. The WHSMP should provide guidance as to identification of spotters. Spotters are not permitted to carry out any other duty or function, including supervision. They must be completely dedicated to the duties defined above. Communication between spotters and plant operators should ideally be by radio. When using radios onsite ensure that: handsets are charged correct channels identified identify yourself on every transmission keep talk brief ALWAYS acknowledge an instruction or direction by repeating it, or by a response such as ‘copy’ or ‘understood’. If an instruction is not acknowledged, assume that it has not been received. Spotters should be assessed as competent against RIIRTM203E - Work as a Safety Observer/Spotter https://training.gov.au/Training/Details/RIIRTM203E The diagram below illustrates the spotter/approach zone in relation to the exclusion zone for the mobile plant. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 61 of 117  Spotter/Approach zones Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 62 of 117  Spotter/Approach zones (cont.) Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 63 of 117 15.6 SAFE APPROACH DISTANCES This section provides guidance on Safe Approach Distances (SADs) when mobile plant is working in the proximity of power lines. Minimum SADs depend on the voltage of the power line. If you do not know the voltage you cannot commence work. SADs apply from that part of the equipment that is closest to the conductor and must include any movement (wind effects, swinging loads etc.) and operator error. In addition, allowance must be made for conductors sagging or swinging. Voltage SAD SAD (Spotter) 240 6.4 m 3.0 m 415 6.4 m 3.0 m 7,600 6.4 m 3.0 m 11,000 6.4 m 3.0 m 19,000 6.4 m 3.0 m 33,000 6.4 m 3.0 m 66,000 6.4 m 3.0 m 132,000 (Pole) 6.4 m 3.0 m 132,000 (Tower) 10.0 m 8.0 m 275,000 10.0 m 8.0 m Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 64 of 117 15.7 PLANT OPERATOR QUALIFICATIONS AND COMPETENCY ASSESSMENT Plant operators should hold a qualification and/or be assessed as competent to operate the specific class of plant that they are to operate. These qualifications are listed in the table below: Number Name RIIMPO316E Conduct Self Propelled Compactor Operations RIIMPO317F Conduct roller operations RIIMPO318F Conduct civil construction skid steer loader operations RIIMPO319E Conduct backhoe/loader operations RIIMPO320F Conduct civil construction excavator operations RIIMPO321F Conduct civil construction wheeled front end loader operations RIIMPO322E Conduct civil construction tracked front end loader operations RIIMPO323E Conduct Civil Construction Dozer Operations RIIMPO324F Conduct Grader Operations RIIMPO325E Conduct Scraper Operations RIIMPO326E Conduct Water Vehicle Operations RIIMPO337E Conduct articulated haul truck operations 15.8 PLANT ONBOARDING All mobile plant must be onboarded in accordance with the Brefni Standard BMS O-ST-26 Plant & Equipment Management and the BMS O-F-26-01 Plant Onboarding Checklist The Plant Onboarding Checklist must be completed for each item of plant. The checklist is provided in Part 4, Section xx. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 65 of 117 16 ASBESTOS content 17 PRESSURISED GAS MAIN OR PIPING content 18 ENERGISED ELECTRICAL SERVICES content Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 66 of 117 19 CHEMICAL, FUEL OR REFRIGERANT LINES This page intentionally left blank. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 67 of 117 20 DEMOLITION content Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 68 of 117 21 CONFINED SPACE content Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 69 of 117 22 TILT UP OR PRECAST CONCRETE This page intentionally left blank. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 70 of 117 23 ARTIFICIAL EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE This page intentionally left blank. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 71 of 117 24 ON OR NEAR WATER content Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 72 of 117 25 STRUCTURAL ALTERATIONS OR TEMPORARY SUPPORT WORKS This page intentionally left blank. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 73 of 117 26 FLAMMABLE ATMOSPHERE This page intentionally left blank. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 74 of 117 27 TELECOMMUNICATIONS TOWER This page intentionally left blank. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 75 of 117 28 EXPLOSIVES This page intentionally left blank. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 76 of 117 29 DIVING WORK This page intentionally left blank. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 77 of 117  PART 3: COMMON CONTROLS Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 78 of 117 30 EXCLUSION ZONES An Exclusion Zone is an area of work that is physically delineated so as to prevent workers and other persons (including plant and vehicles) from accessing the area without authorisation. Exclusion Zones are often used to manage risks associated with work at height, mobile plant, the loading and unloading of vehicles and during lifting operations. 30.1 WORK AT HEIGHT Work at Height creates a risk of objects falling or being dropped. Where this risk is present a ‘drop zone’ should be delineated and an exclusion zone established. In addition, where mobile plant is in use near work at height activity, there is a risk that it could destabilise ground or make contact with scaffolding, falsework or formwork; creating risk to the workers above. Where this risk is present a mobile plant Exclusion Zone should be established. 30.2 MOBILE PLANT All mobile plant operations must take place within an Exclusion Zone. The exclusion zone should be a minimum of 5 metres from the area where the plant is operating. This assessment must include the type of plant, what work is being performed and the potential movement of the plant – including slewing ranges of implements, arms and counterweights, as well as any stabilising equipment. Dozer operator blind spots at 1.5 metres height Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 79 of 117  Other mobile plant blind spots Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 80 of 117 Authority to enter Exclusion Zone – Mobile Plant Only the plant operator can access the Exclusion Zone unless: visual and positive contact is maintained with the plant operator by the person entering the Exclusion Zone; or the mobile plant is stationary with the engine off and implements on the ground; or the supervisor grants express permission to enter. 30.3 LOADING AND UNLOADING TRUCKS All sites should have an area set aside for the loading and unloading of trucks. In establishing the laydown area, ensure that it is level and that there is adequate stability for the expected loads. In loading and unloading operations: forklifts and other equipment should be segregated; and the forklift operator has control of the area; and the forklift operator must maintain line of sight with the driver at all times. Loading and unloading activities must take place within an Exclusion Zone. Exclusion zone Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 81 of 117  Exclusion zone 30.4 BARRIERS Physical barriers that prevent pedestrian or plant access to designated areas, such as fencing, para- webbing or water-filled barriers are preferred because they are an engineered control. Witches’ hats, bollards and bunting are less effective as they do not physically stop someone entering an exclusion zone or roadway. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 82 of 117  Water-filled barrier Temporary fencing Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 83 of 117  Temporary fencing Star picket and plastic mesh Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 84 of 117 30.5 SIGNAGE Signage should clearly mark pedestrian walkways, guide traffic, provide warnings and identify exclusion zones. Signage 30.6 SPOTTERS Spotters should be deployed in any of the following circumstances: movement of trucks or mobile plant where there is proximity risk (congestion, risk of collision, presence of other workers or the public, open trenches and excavations) movement of trucks or mobile plant where there are blind spots use of mobile plant near overhead power lines poor visibility. Spotters must observe a single plant/vehicle at any one time. Spotters should hold the relevant unit of competency https://training.gov.au/Training/Details/RIIRTM203E Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 85 of 117 31 SAFE APPROACH DISTANCES: MOBILE PLANT – POWERLINES This section provides guidance on Safe Approach Distances (SADs) when mobile plant is working in the proximity of power lines. Minimum SADs depend on the voltage of the power line. If you do not know the voltage you cannot commence work. SADs apply from that part of the equipment that is closest to the conductor and must include any movement (wind effects, swinging loads etc.) and operator error. In addition, allowance must be made for conductors sagging or swinging. Voltage SAD SAD (Spotter) 240 6.4 m 3.0 m 415 6.4 m 3.0 m 7,600 6.4 m 3.0 m 11,000 6.4 m 3.0 m 19,000 6.4 m 3.0 m 33,000 6.4 m 3.0 m 66,000 6.4 m 3.0 m 132,000 (Pole) 6.4 m 3.0 m 132,000 (Tower) 10.0 m 8.0 m 275,000 10.0 m 8.0 m Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 86 of 117 31.1 SPOTTERS A Spotter must have completed a minimum competency qualification of RIIRTM203E - Work as a Safety Observer/Spotter https://training.gov.au/Training/Details/RIIRTM203E A Spotter must: be able to fully observe both the conductor(s) and the plant/equipment maintain constant communication with the plant operator have the authority stop the work at any time monitor no more than one work activity at any time not be engaged in any other activity ensure unauthorised persons do not enter the area. 31.2 EXCLUSION ZONES In circumstances where there are other trades on site and/or there is the potential for public access, an Exclusion Zone should be established. See also Section 30: Exclusion Zones (p.79) for further information. Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 87 of 117  PART 4: CHECKLISTS AND FORMS Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 88 of 117 32 CHECKLIST – WHSMP Where Brefni is not the Principal Contractor, the Brefni Estimator must review the Client’s WHS Management Plan and complete this checklist prior to Gate 3 Project Handover. This checklist shall be stored in SharePoint with the other estimating documents for the project. Refer to Section 4: The Work Health and Safety Management Plan, p.9 for further guidance on the use of this checklist. WHS Management Principal Contractor: Plan Name Project Name: Version number Date of Brefni Brefni Reviewer / Title: Review: Item Does the WHS Management Plan (WHSMP) include the following Page/ Yes No N/A No requirements? Ref General Requirements 01 Details a description of the project scope of works ☐ ☐ 02 Details the project name / title and site (workplace) address / location, including a ☐ ☐ map indicating site layout 03 Identifies the Principal Contractor (name / project representative / contact details) ☐ ☐ ☐ 04 Identifies the Client, if applicable (name / project representative / contact details) ☐ ☐ Details the requirement to ensure that signage is installed showing the PC’s ☐ ☐ 05 name, telephone, contact numbers (including after-hours telephone number), site office location Roles & Responsibilities Identifies the names, and position title of workers that have specific health and ☐ ☐ safety responsibilities including, where applicable: Contractor’s Project 06 Representative (e.g. Project Manager); Supervisor(s); Engineers; Project Safety Officer; First Aiders; Workers; and HSRs. 07 Details the roles and responsibilities across all levels for the project for WHS ☐ ☐ 08 Details the arrangements for providing workers with access to the WHSMP ☐ ☐ 09 Arrangements for reporting Principal Contractor performance, including, the ☐ ☐ frequency of reporting and information to be provided Consultation / Cooperation / Coordination 10 Details the process used to consult on health and safety matters with workers ☐ ☐ examples including; pre-work briefs, toolbox talks, safe work interactions Details the arrangement for consultation, cooperation and coordination of ☐ ☐ activities between the Principal Contractor and other duty holders including, 11 where applicable: Brefni representatives; Subcontractors; Consultants; Third Parties; and Corridor Interface requirements. Contractor management 12 Details the process for selection and assessment of subcontractors including ☐ ☐ ☐ review of the safety management plans and/or safe work method statements Version Approved by Approval date Effective date Next full review 1.0 HSEQ Manager X-XX-XXX Page 89 of 117 Item Does the WHS Management Plan (WHSMP) include the following Page/ Yes No N/A No requirements? Ref 13 Details of the arrangements for managing contractors including review of relevant ☐ ☐ ☐ safety documentation, monitoring and management of performance 14 Details the consultation and communication arrangements between the Principal ☐ ☐ ☐ Contractor and any contractors on the Project Safety in Design 15 Details the process used to capture WHS hazards and controls through the ☐ ☐ ☐ design stages of the project 16 References the requirement to include a qualified and experience WHS ☐ ☐ ☐ professional during the Design Risk Assessment process 17 Details the process used to communicate any changes in the Design process ☐ ☐ ☐ following review by an SME Risk Management Details the method used to identify, assess, control and review the health and 18 ☐ ☐ safety risks associated with the project works Details the method for monitoring the effectiveness of risk control measures and 19 ☐ ☐ communicating changes to workers 20 References the Project Risk Register ☐ ☐ Identifies any activities identified as ‘high risk construction work’ (a) involves a risk of a person falling more than 2 metres (b) is carried out on a telecommunications tower (c) involves demolition of an element of a structure that is load bearing or otherwise related to the physical integrity of the structure (d) involves or is likely to involve disturbance of asbestos (e) involves structural alterations or repairs that require temporary support to prevent collapse (f) is carried out in or near a confined space (g) is carried out in or near; a shaft or trench with an excavated depth greater than 1.5 metres or a tunnel (h) involves the use of explosives 21 (i) is carried out on or near pressurised gas distribution mains or piping ☐ ☐ (j) is carried out on or near chemical fuel or refrigerant lines (k) is carried out on or near energised electrical installations or services (l) is carried out in an area that may have a contaminated or flammable atmosphere (m) involves tilt-up or precast concrete (n) is carried out on, in or adjacent to a road, railway, shipping lane or other traffic corridor that is in use by traffic other than pedestrians (o) is carried out in an area at a workplace in which there is any movement of powered mobile plant (p) is carried out in an area in which there are artificial extremes of temperature