Mapeh Reviewer PDF

**PE** **Lifestyle And Weight Management** **Lifestyle** **- it is the behavior and activities that make up your life** **- the way an individual lives.** **- A pattern of your behavioral activities** **Lifestyle Change** **- Changes that alter various lifestyle** **- May relate to other men...

**PE** **Lifestyle And Weight Management** **Lifestyle** **- it is the behavior and activities that make up your life** **- the way an individual lives.** **- A pattern of your behavioral activities** **Lifestyle Change** **- Changes that alter various lifestyle** **- May relate to other mental and/or physical health conditions.** **Lifestyle Variables** **Nutrition** - The process of providing or obtaining the **food** necessary for **health and growth**. **Body Weight -** It refers to a person's **body mass**. **Phyisical Activity -** Movement of the body that uses energy. **Health Habits -** A behavior that benefits one's physical, mental and emotional health. **Risk Factors associated with Lifestyle Variables** **Hypertension -** pressure in your **blood vessels is too high** **Overweight and Obesity -** increase in size and amount of fat cells in the body. **High Level of Stress -** a negative result to a person's mental health and this could manifest through hair loss, skin allergies, weight gain. **Sedentary Lifestyle -** physically inactive and does little or no physical movement and/or exercise. Situational depression make a person a couch potato **Non-Communicable Diseases** **- Diseases** that are **not transmitted** from person to person. **4 Types of NCD's** 1. **Cardiovascular Disease** **- Heart** and **blood vessel disease**, also called heart disease, related to **atherosclerosis**. 2. **Cancer** **-** is a disease in which some of the **body's cells grow uncontrollably** and **spread to other parts of the body**. 3. **Chronic Respiratory Disease** **-** Chronic respiratory diseases are chronic diseases of the airways and other parts of the **lung.** 4. **Diabetes** **-** is a condition that happens when your **blood sugar (glucose) is too high**. **WEIGHT MANAGEMENT** **Weight - a result of metabolic responses of one's body to food intake, energy expenditure, and physiological processes.** **Weight Management - A simple elimination of food or addition of physical activity does not encompass the entirety of WEIGHT MANAGEMENT.** **Concept of Weight Management** **Energy Expenditure -** the amount of energy you spend through the physical activity **Energy Consumption -** the amount of energy you take in through food **Formula of Weight Management** 1. **Weight gain - Energy consumed is greater** than energy expended. **More food intake** but less physical exertion. 2. **Weight Loss - Energy consumed is less** than energy expended. **More physical exertion** but less food intake. 3. **Weight Maintenance -** Energy consumed is **equal** to energy expended. **Physical exertion is the same with food intake**. **Body Mass Index (BMI)** **- Rough Measurement** of body composition that is useful for classifying the health risk of body weight. **Health** **Consumer Health** **Consumer** **- Is someone who acquires, buys, and uses products, services and health information.** **Consumer Health** **- Health decisions involve purchasing and using health information, products, and services that directly impact one\'s health.** **Characteristics of a Good Consumer** - **Knowing the products and services** - **Be meticulous with sales talks and marketing gimmicks** - **Consult the authorities when in doubt** - **Never sacrifice quality from quantity** **Health Information** **Health Information** **- Is any concept, step, or advice that various sources give to aid an individual's health status.** - **[Reliable Sources]** **- These are sources that are from licensed professionals who took up specialized and intensive studies in the field.** **(Physicians, World Health Organizations, Department of Health, Mapeh Teacher)** - **[Unreliable Sources]** **- These are sources that are from people who are not experts in the field.** **(quack doctors, Superstitions, Hearsay, and Unaccredited Websites)** **RA 7394** **Consumer Act of the Philippines** **- The law that protects the consumer's interest, promotes general welfare, and establishes ethical conduct standards for businesses and industries.** **8 Rights of Consumers** - **The right to Satisfaction of Basic Needs** **-** - **The right to Safety** - **The right to be Informed** - **The right to Choose** - **The right to be Heard** - **The right to Redress** - **The right to Consumer Education** - **The right to Healthy Environment** **Consumer Welfare Protection** **- It is the state's policy to protect the interest of the consumer, promote his general welfare, and establish standards of conduct for business and industry.** **Government Agencies that Promote Consumer's Welfare** - **Department of Trade and Industry** **- They promote the welfare of the consumers through building sustainable businesses** - **Department of Education** **- They are the one that educates children** - **Department of Agriculture** **- They are the one that initiates programs to enhance the quality of rice and crops in the Philippines** - **Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas** **- They are the ones that advocate financial sustainability** - **Department of Health** **- They are the ones that promote health to filipinos** **Health Products** **Common Medicines** **Paracetamol - This is used to relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce fever.** **Ibruprofen - This is an anti-inflammatory drug used to relieve mild to moderate pain.** **Loperamide - An antidiarrheal medication used to slow down the movement of the intestines, helping to reduce diarrhea or or irritable bowel syndrome.** **Mebendazole - An anthelmintic medication used to treat infections caused by parasitic worms.** **Citirizine - An antihistamine that helps relieve allergy, also used to relieve symptoms of hives.** **Loratidine - an antihistamine medication used to treat symptoms of allergies, including itching, sneezing, and runny nose.** **Salbutamol - A medication used to relieve asthma symptoms. It works by relaxing the muscles of the airways into the lungs, making it easier to breathe.** **Antacid - These are medications used to neutralize stomach acid, helping to relieve symptoms of heartburn, indigestion, and stomach upset.** **Common Medical Devices** **Thermometer - A tool that is used to check body temperature.** **Sphygmomanometer - This tool is essential for regular vital sign monitoring or monitoring blood pressure, especially in people with hypertension.** **Glocumeter - A device that measures blood sugar levels. Useful for monitoring blood sugar levels and managing disease conditions in people with prediabetes and diabetes.** **Nebulizer - These are medical devices that use inhalation to deliver medications directly to the lungs. Used to people with asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).** **Body Weight Scales - This tool is useful for tracking body weight, particularly for those of you who are on a weightloss diet.** **First Aid Kit - This tool functions as first aid in an accident.** **RA 8423** **Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of the Philippines** provisioned the creation of **Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Healthcare (PITAHC).** **Traditional/ Herbal Medicines** **Herbal Medicines** **Akapulco - For ringworm and other skin (fungal) infections** **Ampalaya - For non-insulin dependent diabetic patients** **Bawang - For blood pressure control** **Bayabas - For use as antiseptic to disinfect wounds. For mouthwash, tooth decay and gum infection** **Lagundi - For cough and asthma.** **Niyog-Niyogan - For intestinal worms, particularly ascaris and trichina** **Sambong - For urinary stones** **Tsaang-Gubat - For mouthwash** **Pansit-Pansitan - For arthritis and gout** **Yerba-Buena - For relief from body aches and pains** **Alternative Medicines** **Acupuncture - uses needles to certain body parts to treat musculoskeletal dysfunctions** **Ventosa Cupping Massage Therapy - The therapist performs the procedure by placing inverted glasses with burning cotton flames on specific body points.** **Reflexology - it focuses on treating specific disorders through massaging of the soles of the feet.** **Acupressure - The same as acupuncture, instead of using needles it uses hands to apply pressure on the body's specific points.** **Nutrition Therapy - They are the ones that provide a tailored diet for the patient** **Health Services** **- The health conditions of the people that will be supported, maintained and appraised to a healthier living** **Health Professional** **- Individuals who are licensed to practice medicine and other allied health professionals.** **Obstrecian** **- They care for woman during their pregnancy and just after the baby is born.** **Gynecologist** **- A doctor who specializes in women's reproductive health.** **Urologist** **- Treat conditions of the urinary tract in both males and females.** **Dentist** **- A dentist treats teeth and gum diseases, focusing on tooth repair, extractions, and artificial tooth insertions.** **Pediatrician** **- Focus on treating children from birth to young adulthood.** **Opthalmologist** **- Eye specialist. Concerned with the study of disorder and diseases of the eyes.** **Dermatologist** **- Focus on diseases and conditions of the skin, nails and hair.** **Orthopedist** **- A doctor who sees the people with a variety of conditions that affect the muscles, nerves, bones, joints, and connective tissues.** **Endicrinologist** **- A medical practitioner qualified to diagnose and treat disorders of the endocrine glands and hormones.** **Gastroenterologist** **- A medical practitioner qualified to diagnose and treat disorders of the stomach and intestines.** **Hematologist** **- A doctor who specializes in researching, diagnosing, treating and preventing blood disorders and disorders of lymphatic system.** **Cardiologist** **- Focus on the cardiovascular system, which includes the heart and the blood vessels.** **Health Facilities** **- Are places or institutions that offer healthcare services.** **Hospitals** **- an institution where people undergo medical diagnosis, care and treatment; Inpatient & Outpatient.** **Walk-in Surgery Center** **- a facility that offers surgery without patient admission to the hospital.** **Health Center** **- The services in a health center cater to a specific population with various health needs.** **Extended Healthcare Facility** **- The facility that provides treatment, nursing care, and residential services to patient, often the elderly.** **Health Insurance** **- is a financial agreement between an insurance company and an individual or group, providing protection against sickness and injury.** **Common Types of Health Insurances** - **Medical Insurance - Pays for the fees of health professionals, laboratory tests, and prescription drugs** - **Major Medical Insurance - Offers the payment for long-term or chronic diseases such as aids and cancer.** - **Hospitalization Insurance - Pays for the stay of the patient inside the hospital.** - **Surgical Insurance - Pays for the surgery fees.** - **Disability Insurance - Provides financing for members who meets accidents or suffer illnesses.** **Philhealth** **- Philhealth is a public health insurance. As a mandate by the law in the country, employees of both public and private companies should avail Philhealth Insurance.** **Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)** **- a healthcare provider that offers medical services availed through a prepaid amount of money. It is a business that requires a relatively reduced monthly fee for subscribers.** **Health Fraud** **- A health service promised and paid for but not provided at an appropriate standard of professionalism or skill.** **Medicare Fraud** **- Is a generic term for any unlawful act which results in the inappropriate billing of medicare for services by a healthcare provider.** **Music** **Music of the 20th Century** **Impressionism and Expressionism** **Impressionism** **- France, late 19^th^ Century** **- Focuses on mood and atmosphere, often characterized by unresolved dissonance and whole-tone scales.** **The sound is described as translucent and hazy, much like visual impressionism.** **Claude Debussy/ Achilles-Claude Debussy (August 22, 1862-March 25, 1918 France)** **- His compositions, such as *Claire de Lune* and *Engulfed Cathedral*, turned away from the classical style of music by using whole tone scale** **- *Claire de Lune is a French word for Moonlight*** **- A winner of 1884 Prix de Rome with his composition, L'enfant prodigue.** **- died due to rectal cancer.** **Maurice Revel (March 7, 1875-December 28, 1937 Ciboure, France)** **- Known for works like *Bolero* and *La Valse*, Ravel blended folk melodies with impressionistic techniques to create evocative soundscapes.** **- influenced by his mother with his love for music - Spanish folk melodies** **Expressionism** **- Germany, early 20^th^ Century** **- In art, it is always distorted, uses intense colors, with strong and bold lines** **- Atonality, dissonance, and emotional depth are central to Expressionist music, often reflecting inner psychological states rather than external realities.** **Arnold Schoenberg (September 13, 1874-** **July 13, 1951 Austria)** **- Completely abandoned tonality, his great compostions were Pierrot Lunaire and Modestrunken.** **- also known for his radical sound of music** **Other Music Styles** **Primitivism** **- It combines two familiar or simple ideas together creating new sounds.** **Neo-Classicism** **- A partial return of the Classical style of music while combining tonal harmonies with slight dissonance.** **Avant-Garde** **- it is closely associated with electronic music. Improvisation was a necessity in this style, for the musical scores were not necessarily followed as written.** **Modern Nationalism** **- It sought to combine modern techniques with folk materials.** **Electronic and Chance music** **Electronic Music** **-** **the process of creating music using computers in synthesizing or producing digital audio signals.** **Musique Concrete or Concrete Music** **- Music that uses tape recorders** **-** **Composer records different sounds that are heard in the environment and are arranged in different ways.** **- They are able to experiment that regular instruments cannot produce.** **Edgard Victor Achille Charles Varèse (1883-1965)** **- Father of Electronic Music** **- A French composer that spent most of his career and life in the USA.** **- He composed Poème Electronique.** **Organized Sound** **- grouping of rhythms and timbres to define music itself.** **Chance Music** **- Also called aleatory music (Latin word: alea-dice)** **- It is the style of music where different sounds combined to create a music based on chance.** **John Cage (1912-1992)** **- Born in Los Angeles, California, USA on September 5, 1912.** **- Became one of the most original composers in the history of Western music.** **- He became famous for his composition Four Minutes and 33 Seconds (4'33'').** **Arts** **Modern Art** **- In all human history, art has mirrored life in the community, society, and the world in all colors, lines, shapes and forms.** **-** **In classical period, art had quite set conventions as to the style, technique, and treatment of their subjects.** **- Impressionist and Expressionist painters... paved the way in conveying their ideas and feelings in bold and innovative ways.** **Elements of Art** **- These are the basic elements that are used by artists in creating art.** - **Line: A mark made by a pointed tool such as brush, pen or stick; a moving point.** - **Shape: A flat, enclosed area that has two dimensions, length and width. Artists uses both geometric and organic shapes.** - **Color: one of the most dominant elements created by light, with three properties; Hue (Name), Value (Shades and Tints), and Intensity (Brightness).** - **Value: Degrees of lightness or darkness. The difference between values is called value contrast.** - **Form: Objects that are three - dimensional having length, width and height.** - **Texture: the feel of an actual surface. The surface quality of an object can be real or implied.** - **Space: used to create illusion of depth. Space can be twodimensional, threedimensional, negative and/or positive.** **Principles of Design** **- These are standards or rules to be observed by Artists in creating works of Art.** - **Balance** **- A distribution of visual weight on either side of the vertical axis.** **- Symmetrical balance uses the same characteristics.** **Asymmetrical uses different but equally weighted features.** - **Contrast: The arrangement of contrasting elements (e.g., light vs dark, rough vs smooth, small vs large) in a composition to create visual interest.** - **Emphasis: Used to make certain parts of an Artwork stand out.** - **Movement: How the eye moves through the composition; leading the attention of the viewer from one aspect of the work to another.** - **Pattern: The repetition of specific visual elements such as a unit of shape and form.** - **Rhythym: Regular repetition of, or alternation in elements to create cohesiveness and interest.** - **: it is the feeling that everything in the work of Art works together and look like it fits.** **Impressionism:** **Break from the Past Painting Tradition** **Claude Monet** **- One of the founders, and most influential figure in art movement** **- Known for his landscape paintings, particularly those depicting his beloved flower gardens and water lily ponds at his home in Germany.** **Auguste Renoire** **- One of the central figures of the impressionist movement** **-** **Works were snapshots of real life, full of sparkling and light.** **- Broke away from the impressionist movement to apply a more disciplined, formal technique to portraits of actual people and figure paintings** **Post-Impressionism** **- Post-Impressionist painters expanded on Impressionism by experimenting with bold new techniques. They used geometric approaches, fragmented objects, distorted faces and body parts, and applied colors that were not realistic or natural. These innovations broke away from traditional representations, focusing on more abstract and expressive forms.** **Vincent Van Gogh** **- One of the central figures of the impressionist movement** **- Works were snapshots of real life, full of sparkling and light.** **-** **Broke away from the impressionist movement to apply a more disciplined, formal technique to portraits of actual Starry Night, 1889 people and figure paintings** **Expressionism** **- Created works with emotional force, rather than with realistic or natural images.** **- Distorted outlines, applied strong colors, and exaggerated forms** **- Painter worked with their imagination and feelings, rather than with what their eyes saw in the physical world.** **Styles that arose within the expressionist art movement were:** **Neoprimitivism** **- An expressionist art style that incorporated elements from the native arts of the South Sea Islanders and the wood carving of African tribes.** **Amadeo Modigliani** **- Used the oval faces and elongated shapes of African art both in sculpture and painting.** **Fauvism** **-** **An expressionist art style that uses bold, vibrant colors and visual distortions.** **- Derived from les fauves (wild beasts), referring to the group of French expressionist painters who painted in this style.** **Henri Matisse**  **Dadaism** **- Characterized by dream fantasies, memory images, and visual tricks and surprises.** **- Although the works appeared playful, the movement arose from the pain that a group of European artists felt after the suffering brought by World War I.** **Giorgio de Chirico** Mystery and Melancholy of a Street, 1914 - Giorgio de Chirico **Surrealism** **- Depicted an illogical, subconscious dream world that seemed to exist beyond the logical, conscious, physical one.** **- Came from the term "super realism" -- expressing a departure from reality** **Salvador Dali**  **Social Realism** **- Expressed the artist's role in social reform.** **- Artists used their artworks to protest against injustices, inequalities, immorality, ang ugliness of the human condition. Its goal is to raise awareness and pushing society to seek reforms.** **Ben Shahn** Miner\'s Wives, 1944 - Ben Shahn **Abstractionism** **- It had the same spirit of freedom of expression and openness that characterized life in the 20th century, but it differed from expressionism in certain ways.** **- While expressionism was emotional, abstractionism was logical and rational.** **Grouped under abstractionism are the following art styles:** **Cubism** **- Style derived its name from the 'cube', therefore cubism is a play of planes and angles on a flat surface.** **Pablo Picasso**  **Futurism** **- As the name implies, created for a fast-paced, machine-propelled age. The futurists admired the motion, force, speed, and strength of mechanical forms.** **Gino Severini** **Mechanical Style** **- Basic forms such as planes, cones, spheres, and cylinders all fit together precisely and neatly in their appointed places.** **Fernand Leger**  **Nonobjectivism** **- It does not refer to recognizable objects or forms in the outside world.** **- Lines, shapes, and colors were used in a cool, impersonal approach that aimed for balance, unity, and stability.** **Piet Mondrian** New York City I, 1942 by Piet Mondrian **Abstract Expressionism** **- This art style influenced the course of human life. World War I and World War II shifted the political, economic, and cultural world stage away from Europe and on to the "New World" continent, America.** **- Combination of Expressionism and Abstractionism.** **Piet Mondrian**  **Pop Art** **- Pop (popular) art** **- Pop art movement wanted to make reforms in the traditional values. But unlike the angry and serious tone, pop artists seemed to enjoy nonsense for its own sake and simply wanted to laugh at the world.** **Andy Warhol** **Op art** **- Op (optical art) art** **- In Op Art, lines, spaces, and colors were precisely planned and positioned to give the illusion of movement.** **Andy Warhol**  **Conceptual Art** **- An art which arose in the mind of the artist, took concrete form for a time, and then disappeared.** **- Questioned the idea of art as objects to be bought and sold.** **- Much of the artist's time and effort goes into the concept or idea behind the work, with the actual execution then being relatively quick and simple.** **Joseph Kosuth** One and Three Chairs - Wikipedia **- An actual chair (center) with a photograph of the same chair and an enlarged copy of a dictionary definition of a chair.** **Installation Art & Performance Art** **- Installation art makes use of space and materials in truly innovative ways.** **- Performance art makes use of the human body, facial expressions, gestures, and sounds.** **- Both speak powerfully about contemporary issues, challenging their viewers to respond.** **Installation Art** **- A contemporary art form that uses sculptural materials and other media to modify the way the viewer experiences a particular space.** **- May it be life-size or even larger** **- May it be indoor or outdoor.** **Roberto Villanueva**  **- Bamboo and Runo Grass-Outdoor Installation** **- at the Cultural Center of the Philippines** **Performance Art** **- A form of modern art in which the actions of an individual or a group at a particular place and in particular time constitute the work.** **- Involves four basic elements: time; space; the performer's body; and relationship between performer and audience.** **- The term is usually reserved for more unexpected, avantgarde, and unorthodox activities intended to capture the audience's attention.**