MAPEH 1st Quarter (1) PDF

Lesson 1: Music and the Changing World MADE BY APPLE A. PONTIANO Historical and Cultural Factors in the Formation of 20th Century Music After the First World War, some composers used Neoclassicism, Futurism, 12-tone scale, and Microtones. ○ Neoclassicism...

Lesson 1: Music and the Changing World MADE BY APPLE A. PONTIANO Historical and Cultural Factors in the Formation of 20th Century Music After the First World War, some composers used Neoclassicism, Futurism, 12-tone scale, and Microtones. ○ Neoclassicism - drawing inspiration from the past. ○ Futurism - recreation of everyday sounds. ○ 12-tone scale - exploration of all possible notes. ○ Microtones - tones in between notes. Discoveries of magnetic tape, computers, synthesizers, multimedia processors, and other electronic devices paved the way for Electroacoustic music. The US became the center of development of 20th century music. Impressionist Music Impressionist music was created during the late 19th century and 20th centuries and started amidst world wars. It conveys a certain mood, emotion, or atmosphere through the use of bizarre harmony, unresolved or incomplete chords, extreme chromaticism, and heavy use of piano pedals. Derived from Monet’s painting “Impression, Sunrise” which uses contemporary visual art techniques. Impressionist music’s modern characteristics include the use of extended chords, and scales such as the whole-tone scale, pentatonic scale, and church modes. French movement Famous Impressionist Composers Achille-Claude Debussy Was called the first Impressionist composer.  He first studied piano, but discovered his passion for innovative composition, despite criticism from his conservative professors. Debussy was influenced by the Symbolist poetic movement of the late 19th century. He regarded Classical music as obsolete. Pieces: Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, La Mer, Nocturne, Images, and Clair De Lune. Joseph Maurice Ravel Known for experimenting with elements of modernism, baroque, neoclassical, and jazz in his works. He attended the same school as Debussy and was not well regarded by its traditional establishment as well. Piece: Bolero. Both Debussy and Ravel started off being criticized for not following conventional music rules. Dr. Antonio Molina One of the 20th century Filipino composers who wrote art music. He was called the “Claude Debussy of the Philippines” for composing music that has characteristics of Impressionist music. Piece: Malikmata. Expressionist Music Convey strong emotions such as anger, anxiety, fear, and torment. German movement. Is atonal. ○ Atonality - music that lacks a tonal center or home tone. It has tonal structures. Features a high level of dissonance. ○ Dissonance - lack of agreement and consistency in the progress of harmony in music. Use of modalities. ○ Modality - the melodic and harmonic formations based on the church modes.  A musical style that developed before World War I. Impressionist and Expressionist musicians are actually considered rebels because they tend to break away from the conventional way of writing music. They practiced freedom and diversity. All the 12 notes are given equal importance. Tone quality is as important as the melody. Pieces are generally short, as there is no framework in form and no recognizable themes to develop from. Like Impressionism, expressionism in music originated in the visual arts. 20th century. Borrowed from Expressionism in painting. Arnold Schoenberg Pioneer expressionist composer. Avoided “traditional forms of beauty” to provoke powerful feelings in his music. He was an Austrian-American music theorist, composer, professor, painter, and writer. He was also famous for creating the 12-tone scale. As a Jewish musician, he targeted the German Nazis that labeled his work as immoral or corrupt music and banned from being published. Modernism in Music Opens new way of sound production. Musical sounds were maximized through new ways of sound production. Such techniques include Electronic music, Chance music, minimalist sounds, and other unusual mixes of sonar activities. Modernism - is another avant-garde movement in music. Noise like sounds such as airplane swoosh or water droplets were considered music. Electronic Music Electronically. Uses medium and electronic processing. Uses electronic instruments. For public performances instead of producing music. It’s for the development of technology. Produced from many resources such as microphones and computers. Has transformed the quality and creation of music. Permits more creativity and versatility in music creation. Chance Music Also known as Aleatory music. Uses music elements that are left to chance or boundless possibilities and left for the performer to realize. Determined by unpredictability, like a random selection of pitches and rhythms. Chance music may also use compositions with defined improvisation, according to specific directions or unstructured pieces. Inventive notation - a process where the performer can create own notation during performance. To create Chance music, a musician needs to think of a source to get the desired melody or sound. This can be anything from recording bird tweets, honking cars, dialing a mobile phone number, or the sound created by the pages of a book. John Cage Jr. Was a pioneer in Chance music. He was an American composer, music theorist, writer, and artist. He was one of the leading composers of post-war avant-garde music.  Critics have claimed him as one of the 20th century’s most influential American composers.  Lesson 1: The Art That Changed The World MADE BY APPLE A. PONTIANO Modern Art Includes artistic works created around the 1860s to 1970s when past art practices were thrown aside through experimentation. Modern artists saw fresh ideas about art functions and materials, showing the world they know in rare, never-before-seen manners. The start of the 20th century is seen as a period of art revolution. Europe was originally the origin of new styles that hugely influenced the art later formed in America. Why study Modern art? Teaches new ways of seeing and expressing the world. Develops critical thinking through the analysis of each work. Provides a visual record of history, society, and culture; including feelings that people had. Triggers imaginative exploration into areas like science and technology. Allows citizens to be more earth-friendly. Evokes joy and relaxation and reduces negative emotions. Teaches empathy and allows us to see and feel through other people’s eyes and hearts. Impressionism Began with a group of 19th century Paris-based artists. Characteristics: The color of shade was affected by the surrounding hues, and should filter and shine in the painting. Focus on the “here and now”. Causes a transitional effect of atmosphere and movement. Focus/Theme: Focusing on light.  Group dynamics and cafe culture. Openness to sex. Contemporary entertainment. Scenes of domestic intimacy. Rejects realism, conveyed mood, and atmosphere rather than a replica. Strokes: Small yet visible; spontaneous and hurried; artists worked quickly outdoors to capture the “impressionism” of a subject. Colors: Mixes unblended pigments for vibrancy, pure hues broken up with opposite colors, which seem to blend from a distance. Subject Matter: Open composition; modern life, bourgeois leisure, and recreation, instead of history and myth. Artists: 1. Claude Monet - The leader of the Impressionist. - Had a long-lasting fascination with observing and painting light and nature. 2. Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Liked to paint active groups of figures. - Pictures were full of sketchy patches of color and contrasts of light and shade. Post-impressionism: It was the reaction against Impressionism. Paved the way for Expressionism and Surrealism. The painting “The Starry Night” by Vincent Van Gogh. Rejected spontaneous and naturalistic rendering of light and color. Favored on symbolic content, formal order, and structure. Color is independent from composition and form, as an emotional and aesthetic bearer of meaning. Expressionism Expressionism artists claimed that art must have a more intimate and emotional view of life. This art movement in which artworks conveyed strong emotional feelings was called Expressionism. It expresses the meaning of emotional experience rather than physical reality, such dissimilar painting styles from deep psychological passions, like terror and angst. Artists: 1. Edward Munch - Forerunner of Expressionism. - Munch has a rare ability to portray anxiety and fear in beautiful paintings. 2. Ernest Kirchner - Suffered a breakdown as a soldier in World War I. - His paintings showed fears about humanity’s place in the modern world, and so his works were destroyed or sold by the Nazis. Influence of Expressionism in the Philippines: Victorio Edades realized that modernist experimentation and a new perspective on seeing the world were what Philippines art needed. His painting titled “The Builders” was the Filipino public’s shocking introduction to Modern art. The Builders was special because it showed Edades’ Modernist tendency to experiment with Expressionist style. Cubism, Dadaism, and Surrealism Cubism An art style characterized by the reconstruction of objects based on geometric figures. The cubists found the Impressionists’ style too messy. They began the thought that all objects in nature can be based on shapes like the triangles, square, sphere, cylinder, or cone. Artists: 1. Pablo Picasso - Used powerful colors to depict sadness. - Picasso’s woman looks as if she is broken into pieces. - Pieces: Mandolin and Guitar and Weeping Woman. 2. Georges Braque - Pieces: The Studio and Houses at L'Estaque. Cubism Artists Traits: Does not follow laws of perspective, uses flat shapes and masses to form subjects, and breaks up space into jagged planes without logic. Cubism influence in the Philippines: Cubism contributed significantly to the eventual acceptance of Modern art in the Philippines. The most famous Filipino Cubist artist is Vicente Manansala. Manansala had his own “easy to understand” kind of Cubism: “Transparent” Cubism - which he claimed he developed all by himself. Lesson 1: My Contribution to a Healthy Society MADE BY APPLE A. PONTIANO Reviewing Lifestyle and Weight Management Lifestyle refers to the way how people live their life. The lifestyle that you choose has a direct impact on your health and the quality of your life. Managing a healthy weight is also an important component of having a healthy lifestyle. Body mass index is one of the tools for determining one’s body composition. BMI Score Classification Less than 18.5 Underweight 18.5 - 24.9 Normal Weight 25 - 29.9 Overweight 30 - 39.9 Obese 40 and above Extremely Obese Lifestyle-related Diseases: 1. Type 2 diabetes - Individuals who are overweight and obese are more likely to develop this lifestyle disease. - This condition causes the body’s cells inability to respond to the hormone known as insulin. 2. Cardiovascular disease - These are conditions that may arise involving the heart and the blood vessels causing disruption in the regular  flow of blood, thereby interrupting the delivery of oxygen to the body. - Some of these unhealthy lifestyles is eating foods that are high in sodium and fat proteins like trans fats and saturated fats. 3. Stroke - A stroke may happen when the flow of blood is blocked, and the brain no longer receives oxygen. - This condition results from a blood clot or bursts in the blood vessel to the brain. - This includes healthy eating and regular physical activities that can balance the calories you consume. - Maintaining a healthy weight will help keep control of blood pressure which may then lower your risk of stroke. Fitness Activities that Promote Social Fitness 1. Improved pedestrian or bicycle lanes - The availability of bike lanes encourages commuters to use bicycles as everyday transportation when going to nearby work areas and doing some household errands. 2. Fitness parks - This is to encourage community members to increase their physical activity levels. Physical Fitness and Its Components Physical fitness is the ability to do everyday tasks without becoming overly tired with enough time to experience and enjoy free time and for emergencies. Physical fitness can be easily understood by analyzing its components: the health-related and skill-related fitness components. Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activities According to WHO 2020, children and adolescents from 5 to 17 years old should engage in at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activities every day. Moderate-intensity physical activity will make your heart beat faster and your breathing harder than in a normal condition. Vigorous-intensity activity is a physical activity where you put a lot of effort into what you’re doing. Moderate-Intensity Activities Vigorous-Intensity Activities 1. Yoga 1. Running 2. Jogging 2. Jumping rope 3. Walking 3. Cardio exercises 4. Cycling 4. Fast jogging 5. Swimming 6. Dancing 7. Sports 8. Doing houseworks Ways to Minimize Injuries Before Engaging in Physical Activities Be mindful of your physical capability. Make sure to do physical exercise within a safe zone. Check your intensity with the target heart rate. Maximum heart rate is the estimated highest limit of what your cardiovascular system could manage during physical activity based on your age. Target Heart Rate for Moderate and Vigorous Activities Age 15 Maximum Heart Rate (MHR) is 220 - 205 age Moderate Activity (50% - 70%) 50% level is 102.5 bpm 70% level is 143.5 bpm  Vigorous Activity (70% - 85%) 70% level is 143.5 bpm 85% level is 174.25 bpm Rate of Perceived Exertion 1. Low Intensity - 3-4 on the RPE. - Warm-up routine before the exercise proper. 2. Moderate Intensity - 5-7 on the RPE. - When you’re already in your workout or exercise proper. 3. High Intensity - 8-9 on the RPE. - These are the physical activities at the vigorous-intensity level. - You can do this level in a short period of time. Talk Test is another simplest way to monitor the intensity level of your exercise. There are only two things to check; your breathing and your ability to talk.  Lesson 1: Wise Consumers MADE BY APPLE A. PONTIANO Consumer Health Information A good health consumer examines carefully the information that goes with health products and services. Health consumer - a person who purchases and utilizes goods and services. Health products - goods, commodities, or devices that either make a person healthy, strong, and energetic. Health information - includes the facts, concepts, and updates related to human and community health. Types of Health Products: 1. Over-the-counter (OTC) - no medical prescription is needed to buy. 2. Cosmetic Products a. Skin Care Products b. Hair Care Products c. Oral Care Products Alternative Medicine Alternative medicine includes herbal treatment, food supplements, massage therapy, and other treatments that could complement regular medicine. Types of Alternative Medicine: 1. Herbal medicine - refers to the use of plants or parts of plants. 2. Ventosa - an alternative therapy in which glasses are placed on some important points at the back of a person. The suction created by the glass and heat supports blood flow and thus, promotes healing of the body. 3. Reflexology - is done by applying pressure to the feet, ears, or hands by means of the thumb or a particular finger.  4. Naturopathy - uses natural ways to treat patients. The physicians who employ this kind of treatment try to restore the balance of the body and mind of the patients. From the word ‘nature’. 5. Massage therapy - is generally believed to result in the good circulation of blood. 6. Acupuncture - an ancient practice that originated in China, involves pricking the skin or tissues with thin needles at certain points on the body. This therapy can alleviate pain. Philippine medical plants approved by the DOH: Medical plants English Name Functions Ampalaya Bitter gourd Supplement in reducing diabetes, burns, coughs, and hemorrhoid Bawang Garlic Supplement in reducing blood cholesterol levels Bayabas Guava Antioxidant, anti-allergy, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetic drug Lagundi Five-leaved Treatment of cough, colds, and fever chaste tree Sambong Blumea Supplement in treating hypertension, kidney stones, rheumatism, cough, and colds Tsaang gubat Wild tea Treatment of skin allergies Yerba Buena Peppermint Insect bites, coughs, and colds Consumer Welfare and Protection Consumer rights are privileges that must be guaranteed. These rights make individuals smart consumers and prevent them from being deceived by inaccurate information. FDA, DOH, and DTI are the agencies protecting consumer welfare.  Basic rights of consumers 1. Right to be safe - the products or services that you receive must not harm you. 2. Right to choose freely - should have a variety of options. 3. Right to be informed - should be provided with the complete product and service information. 4. Right to be heard - can give feedback or make a complaint. 5. Right to service - should be treated with courtesy and respect. 6. Right to education - should have access to programs and information that will help you become a better consumer. Common Medical Quackery and Health Fads Quack - a person or company involved in health frauds. Quackery - practice of promoting and selling fake and unproven health products and services. Health fraud - advertising, promotion, and safe of products and services that have not been scientifically proven safe and effective. Medical Quackery Nutritional Quackery Device Quackery Beauty Quackery Offers a cure to Sell food, in which Use devices that Sells products life-threatening ingredients may not are worn like that offer a cure illnesses like cancer contain substances bracelets and for skin, weight, and other major that are good for necklaces that can and hair loss illnesses. the body. diagnose illness. problems. Quack: - Claim that traditional medical treatment is more harmful than helpful. - Use scare tactics that play on fears and emotions. Doctors: - Claims that the medical profession does not recognize this product or service. - Guarantee a quick cure or a cure for an incurable disease. Medical Professionals, Services, and Facilities Health professionals - mga licensed people na naa sa medical field. Health services - activities that are done to assess, maintain, or improve the individual’s health. Health care facilities - government and private hospitals, and mga other facilities sa medical field. Health insurance - covers medical expenses for illnesses, injuries, and conditions. PhilHealth - established in 1995 to create universal health coverage for the Philippines. Medical Specialists Obstetrician - pregnancy and labor. Ophthalmologist - eyes. Dental Specialists Dentist - teeth malamang, hindi ba obvious. Endodontist - tooth below the gum line and root canal therapy. Orthodontist - teeth alignment. Periodontist - diseases supporting structures. Mental Health Practitioners: Psychologists Psychiatrists Child and adolescent psychiatrists Other Health Professionals: Nurses Midwives Medical technologists Radiology technicians Nursing aide or assistants. Ways to buy health products and services intelligently: 1. Read 2. Compare 3. Inquire