Manufacturing Industries PDF

DONE BY : MR. ASWIN BABU X th [email protected] [email protected] Economic strength of a country is measured from the development of manufacturing industries. It is the backbone of our economy. They reduce the dependence of people on agriculture Providing jobs. Export of manufac...

DONE BY : MR. ASWIN BABU X th [email protected] [email protected] Economic strength of a country is measured from the development of manufacturing industries. It is the backbone of our economy. They reduce the dependence of people on agriculture Providing jobs. Export of manufactured goods Bring foreign exchange Eradicates poverty and unemployment. Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of furnished goods of higher value are prosperous. [email protected] Availability of raw Availability of electricity materials Cheap and skilled labour Availability of water Transport and Good climate communication facilities Market Capital investment Suitable govt. policies [email protected] Raw material Main role Capital Ownership Bulk and weight investment of raw material and finished goods Agro based Basic or Public Small scale industries key Private Heavy industries Mineral industries Joint sector industries Large scale based Consumer Cooperative Light industries industries industries sector industries [email protected] Use agricultural raw Use minerals as raw materials materials. Cotton, wool, jute, silk textile, Iron and steel, cement, rubber and sugar, tea, coffee aluminum, machine tools etc… etc.. [email protected] Supply their products or raw Produce goods for direct use by materials to manufacture other consumers goods. E.g.: sugar, toothpaste, paper, fans E.g.: iron and steel and copper etc… smelting, aluminum smelting. [email protected] If the investment is less than If the investment is more one crore, then it is known as than one crore, then it is small scale industry. known as large scale industry. Run by less number of people. Labours are more. E.g. khandasari, gur etc… E.g.: cotton textile industry [email protected]  1. Public Sector: 2. Private Sector: Owned and operated by Owned and operated by government agencies. individuals or a group of E.g.: BHEL, SAIL etc… individuals. E.g.: TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd. Dabur industries [email protected]  The industries which are  Industries are owned and jointly run by the state operated by the producers and individuals or a or suppliers of raw group of individuals. materials, workers or both.  E.g.: Oil India  They pool in the resources Limited[OIL] is jointly and share the profits or owned by public and losses proportionately private sector.  E.g.: sugar industry in Maharashtra, the coir industry in Kerala [email protected]  Heavy industries use heavy &  Light industries use light raw bulky raw materials & produce materials & produce light heavy materials. materials.  E.g. Iron & steel Industry  E.g. Electric fans, watches, sewing machines etc. [email protected] The first cotton textile mill was set up in Mumbai in 1854. The cotton textile is mainly located in Maharashtra and Gujarat. Because Availability of raw cotton as black cotton soil is present. Good transport facilities including port facilities. Availability of labour Good moist climate Main exports: Japan, U.S.A, U.K, France, Sri Lanka, Nepal, East European Countries etc… Cotton textile is produced by three methods in India: a) Handloom, b) Power-looms and c) Mills Cotton textile industry involves ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, tailoring and packaging to produce readymade garments. [email protected] Scarcity of good quality cotton Main cotton growing area went to Pakistan during division Old machinery Erratic power supply Low output from labour Tough competition from synthetic fibres. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] India is largest producer of raw jute and jute goods. There are about 70 jute mills in our country. First jute mill was setup in Rishra [Kolkata] in 1859. Jute is used in making rope, bags, carpets etc. Most of the jute mills are located along Hugli River in West Bengal. Because Raw jute is available for West Bengal. Inexpensive water transport A good network of railways, roadways and waterways to facilitate movement of raw material to the mills Abundant water for processing raw jute Cheap labour from West Bengal and adjoining states of Bihar, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh. Kolkata as a large urban centre provides banking, insurance and port facilities for export of jute goods. [email protected] Stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes and from other competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand. In 2005, National Jute Policy was formulated with the objective of increasing productivity, improving quality, ensuring good prices to the jute farmers and enhancing the yield per hectare. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Earlier UP and Bihar were the main producer of sugarcane. Therefore, most of the sugar mills were located in these two states only. But now, sugar mills are shifting towards Maharashtra and Karnataka because of following reasons. Per hectare production of sugarcane is higher in southern India. Black soil is quite suitable for cultivation of sugarcane. Sucrose content in the sugarcane is higher in Maharashtra and Karnataka. It means more sugar can be produced for less sugarcane. Mills and machines are new in southern states. New and modern machines increase the productivity. Crushing season for sugarcane is longer in southern states. Cooperative sugar mills are running successfully in southern states. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]  This industry is called as basic industry because it provide raw material to many other industries such as machine an tools, transport equipment, construction material etc.  It is also called as heavy industry because raw materials [iron ore, coal, limestone] are bulky in nature.  Most of the steel plants are located in Chottanagpur region. High cost of production Limited availability of coking coal Low productivity of labour Irregular supply of energy Raw materials are found only in a certain pocket of India. Poor infrastructure like transport and communication etc. [email protected]  Why is the iron and steel industry located in peninsular India only? Good and more raw materials: Large quantities of quality iron and steel is available in peninsular India. Power resources: coal, oil and water power are available in peninsular India. Skilled labour: Cheap and skilled labour is available.it can be also had from Bihar Orissa, West Bengal and M.P. Besides skilled labour is also locally available. Nearness to market: large indigenous markets are available in Peninsular India. Port facilities are available for the export of iron and steel manufactured goods. [email protected] [email protected] Aluminium smelting is the second most important metallurgical industry in India. It is light, resistant to corrosion, a good conductor of heat, malleable and becomes strong when it is mixed with other metals. It is used to manufacture aircraft, utensils and wires. It has gained popularity as a substitute of steel, copper, zinc and lead in a number of industries. Aluminium smelting plants in the country are located in Odisha, West Bengal, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. In 2008-09 India produced over 15.29 lakh million tonnes of aluminium. Bauxite, the raw material used in the smelters is a very bulky, dark reddish coloured rock. Regular supply of electricity and an assured source of raw material at minimum cost are the two prime factors for location of the industry. [email protected] [email protected] The Chemical industry in India is fast growing and diversifying. It contributes approximately 3 per cent of the GDP. It is the third largest in Asia and occupies the twelfth place in the world in term of its size. It comprises both large and small scale manufacturing units. The chemical industry is its own largest consumer. Because, Basic chemicals undergo processing to further produce other chemicals that are used for industrial application, agriculture or directly for consumer markets. Two types: organic and inorganic chemicals. [email protected]  Organic chemicals Include petrochemicals, which are used for manufacturing of synthetic fibres, synthetic rubber, plastics, dye-stuffs, drugs and pharmaceuticals. Organic chemical plants are located near oil refineries or petrochemical plants. Inorganic chemicals [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]  Distribution:  Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Kerala produce more than half of the total fertilizer production in India.  Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka are other important producers. Because of the easy availability of natural gas the fertilizer industry is widely spread in the country. Production:  India produces about 1 million tones of nitrogenous, 4 million tones of phosphatic and 1.7 million tones of potassic fertilizers. The country is required to import potassium from abroad. [email protected] [email protected] Cement is essential for construction activity such as building houses, factories, bridges, roads, airports, dams and for other commercial establishments. This industry requires bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum. Coal and electric power are needed apart from rail transportation. The first cement plant was set up In Chennai in 1904. POPULAR CEMENT COMPANIES IN INDIA [email protected] [email protected] FAMOUS AUTOMOBILE COMPANIES IN WORLD [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] The electronics industry covers a wide range of products from transistor sets to television, telephones, cellular telecom, pagers, telephone exchange, radars, computers and many other equipments required by the telecommunication industry. Bangalore has emerged as the electronic capital of India. Other important centres for electronic goods are Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow and Coimbatore. By 2010-11 (STPI) Software Technology Parks of India have come up across 46 locations at different centres of India. A major impact of this industry has been on employment generation. It is encouraging to know that 30 per cent of the people employed in this sector are women. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]  Dumping of organic and inorganic industrial waste into water bodies pollute the water.  Water pollution is also caused by the discharge of the untreated chemical wastes like dyes, detergents, acids, heavy metals like lead and mercury, plastics, fertilisers etc…  Industries which produce paper, pulp, chemical, leather, acids, dyes, fertilizers etc. generate lots of toxic waste which kills the aquatic life. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]  NTPC National Thermal Power Corporation Limited [email protected] NTPC is a major power providing corporation in India. It has ISO certification for EMS [environment management system] 14001. The corporation has a pro-active approach for preserving the natural environment and resources like water, oil and gas and fuels in places where it is setting up power plants. This has been possible through- Optimum utilisation of equipment adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment. Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilisation. Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing the question of special purpose vehicles for afforestation. Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling system and liquid waste management. Ecological monitoring, reviews and online database management for all its power stations. [email protected]