Introduction to Computing - Module 8 PDF

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  MODULE 8 COMPUTER SECURITY, ETHICS AND PRIVACY  To explain computer security risks, and briefly describe the types of cybercrime perpetrators To describe various types of Internet and network attacks, and identify ways to safeguard against these attacks...

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  MODULE 8 COMPUTER SECURITY, ETHICS AND PRIVACY  To explain computer security risks, and briefly describe the types of cybercrime perpetrators To describe various types of Internet and network attacks, and identify ways to safeguard against these attacks To discuss techniques to prevent unauthorized computer access and use  To discuss ways to prevent health-related disorders and injuries due to computer use To discuss issues related to information accuracy, intellectual property rights, codes of conduct, and green computing What is a computer security risk? Action that causes loss of or damage to computer system. What are viruses, worms, and Trojan horses? Virus is a Worm copies Trojan horse Payload potentially itself hides within (destructive repeatedly, or looks like event) that is damaging delivered when using up legitimate computer resources you open file, run program until program and possibly infected program, triggered or boot computer shutting down computer or with infected disk Does not in disk drive Can spread network replicate and itself on damage files other computers How can a virus spread through an e-mail message? Step 1. Unscrupulous Step 2. They programmers create a use the Internet virus program. They to send the e- hide the virus in a mail message Word document and to thousands of attach the Word users around document to an e-mail the world. message. Step 3b. Other users do Step 3a. not recognize the name of Some users the sender of the e-mail open the message. These users do attachment not open the and their e-mail message. Instead computers they delete the e-mail become message. These users’ infected with computers are not the virus. infected with the virus. How can you protect your system from a macro virus? Set macro security level in applications that allow you to write macros such as in MS Word, MS Excel, etc. Macros are disabled by default and notifications will show when documents contain macros. ▪ Macros can be a small program, or script, that automates common tasks. These scripts are usually run within other programs. What is an antivirus program? Identifies and removes computer viruses Most also protect against worms and Trojan horses What is a virus signature? Specific pattern of virus code ▪ Also called virus definition. Antivirus programs look for virus signatures  Records information How does an about program such as file size and antivirus program creation Uses inoculate a information date Attempts to detect if to remove program file? virus tampers any detected with file virus Quarantines infected files that it Keeps file cannot in separate remove area of hard disk What are some tips for preventing virus, worm, and Trojan horse infections? Never open an Set the macro e-mail attachment Install an antivirus security in programs unless you are program on all your so you can enable or expecting it and computers disable macros it is from a trusted source If the antivirus Check all program flags an downloaded e-mail attachment Install a personal programs for as infected, delete firewall program viruses, worms, the attachment or Trojan horses immediately What is a denial of service attack and back door? A denial of service attack is an assault which disrupts computer access to an Internet service such as the Web or e-mail A back door is a program or set of instructions in a program that allow users to bypass security controls when accessing a computer resource What is spoofing? Makes a network or Internet transmission appear legitimate IP spoofing occurs when an intruder computer fools a network into believing its IP address is from a trusted source Perpetrators of IP spoofing trick their victims into interacting with a phony Web site What is a firewall? Security system consisting of hardware and/or software that prevents unauthorized intrusion What is a personal firewall utility? Program that protects personal computer and its data from unauthorized intrusions Monitors transmissions to and from computer Informs you of attempted intrusion How can companies protect against hackers? Intrusion detection software Access control defines analyzes network traffic, who can access assesses system computer & what vulnerabilities, and identifies actions they can take intrusions and suspicious behavior Audit trail records access attempts What are other ways to protect your personal computer? Disable file and printer sharing on Internet connection What is a user name? Unique combination of characters that identifies user Password is private combination of characters associated with the user name that allows access to computer resources How can you make your password more secure? Longer passwords provide greater security What is a possessed object? Item that you must carry to gain access to computer or facility Often used with numeric password called personal identification number (PIN) What is a biometric device? Authenticates person’s identity using personal characteristic ▪ Fingerprint, hand geometry, voice, signature, and iris What are hardware theft and hardware vandalism? Hardware theft is act of stealing computer equipment ▪ Cables sometimes used to lock equipment ▪ Some notebook computers use passwords, possessed objects, and biometrics as security methods ▪ For PDAs and phones, you can password-protect the device Hardware vandalism is act of defacing or destroying computer equipment What is software theft? Act of stealing or Software piracy illegally copying is illegal software or duplication intentionally of copyrighted erasing software programs What is a license agreement? Right to use software Single-user license agreement allows user to install software on one computer, make backup copy, and sell software after removing from computer What are some other safeguards against software theft? Product activation allows user to input product identification number online or by phone and receive unique installation identification number Business Software Alliance (BSA) promotes better understanding of software piracy problems What is encryption? Safeguards against information theft Process of converting plaintext (readable data) into ciphertext (unreadable characters) Encryption key (formula) often uses more than one method To read the data, the recipient must decrypt, or decipher, the data How can I encrypt the contents of files and folders in Windows? 1. Locate the folder (or file) you wish to encrypt. 2. Right-click on it and select Properties. 3. Navigate to the General tab and click Advanced. 4. Move down to Compress or Encrypt attributes. 5. Check the box next to Encrypt content to secure data. How do Web browsers provide secure data transmission? Secure site Many Web browsers is Web site that uses use encryption encryption to secure data Digital certificate is notice that guarantees Web site is legitimate What is a certificate authority (CA)? Authorized person or company that issues and verifies digital certificates Users apply for digital certificate from CA What is Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)? Provides encryption of all data that passes between client and Internet server ▪ Web addresses beginning with “https” indicate secure connections What is a system failure? Can cause loss of hardware, software, or data Prolonged malfunction of computer Caused by aging hardware, natural disasters, or electrical power disturbances Overvoltage or Noise—unwanted power surge— electrical signal significant increase in electrical power Undervoltage—drop in electrical supply What is a surge protector? Protects computer and equipment from electrical power disturbances Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is surge protector that provides power during power loss What is a backup? Duplicate of file, program, or disk Three-generation Full backup Selective backup backup all files in select which files preserves computer to back up three copies of important files In case of system failure or corrupted files, restore files by copying to original location How can I ensure my wireless communication is secure? Secure your wireless access point (WAP) WAP should not broadcast your network name Enable Wired Equivalent Privacy or Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) WiFi networks around Luneta and Manila City Hall, mapped using wardriving. What are computer ethics? Moral guidelines that govern use of computers and information systems Unauthorized use of computers and Software theft Information accuracy networks Intellectual property rights—rights to which creators are Codes of conduct entitled for their work Information privacy What is an IT code of conduct? Written guideline that helps determine whether computer action is ethical Employers can distribute to employees What is information privacy? Right of individuals and companies to deny or restrict collection and use of information about them Difficult to maintain today because data is stored online Employee monitoring is using computers to observe employee computer use Legal for employers to use monitoring software programs What are some ways to safeguard personal information? Fill in only necessary information Install a cookie manager Sign up for e-mail on rebate, warranty, and to filter cookies filtering through your registration forms Internet service provider or Clear your history file when use an antispam program, you are finished browsing such as Brightmail Avoid shopping club and buyer cards Set up a free e-mail account; Do not reply to spam use this e-mail address for for any reason Inform merchants that you merchant forms do not want them to distribute your personal information Turn off file and print sharing Surf the Web anonymously on your Internet connection with a program such as Freedom Web Secure or Limit the amount of information through an anonymous you provide to Web sites; fill Web site such as in only required information Install a personal firewall Anonymizer.com What is an electronic profile? Data collected when you fill out form on Web Merchants may sell your electronic profile Often you can specify whether you want personal information distributed What is a cookie? Set browser to Some Web accept cookies, Small file on User sites sell, or prompt you to preferences your trade accept cookies, computer that information or disable contains data stored in your cookies about you cookies How regularly you visit Interests Web sites and browsing habits How do cookies work? What are spyware, adware, and spam? Spyware is program placed on computer without user’s knowledge Adware is a program that displays online advertisements Spam is unsolicited e-mail message sent to many recipients How can you control spam? E-mail filtering Service that Collects spam in blocks e-mail central location messages from that you can designated view any time sources Anti-spam program Sometimes Attempts to removes valid remove spam e-mail messages What is phishing? Scam in which a perpetrator sends an official looking e-mail that attempts to obtain your personal and financial information What privacy laws have been enacted? What privacy laws have been enacted? (cont’d) What is content filtering? Process of restricting access to certain material Internet Content Rating Association (ICRA) provides rating system of Web content Web filtering software restricts access to specified sites What is computer forensics? Also called digital forensics, network forensics, or cyber-forensics Discovery, collection, and analysis of evidence found on computers and networks Computer forensic analysts must have knowledge of the law, technical experience, communication skills, and willingness to learn What are some health concerns of computer use? Computer vision syndrome (CVS)—eye and vision problems Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)—inflammation of nerve that connects forearm to palm Repetitive strain injury (RSI) Tendonitis—inflammation of tendon due to repeated motion Computer addiction—when computer consumes entire social life What precautions can prevent tendonitis or carpal tunnel syndrome? Spread fingers apart for several seconds while keeping wrists straight Gently push back fingers and then thumb Dangle arms loosely at sides and then shake arms and hands How can you ease eyestrain when working at the computer? What is ergonomics? Applied science devoted to comfort, efficiency, and safety in workplace elbows at 90° and keyboard arms and hands height: 23” to parallel to floor 28” adjustable backrest adjustable seat adjustable height chair with 5 legs for stability feet flat on floor What is green computing? Reducing electricity and environmental waste while using computer  Docter, Q., Dulaney, E., & Skandier, T. (2016). 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