Long Quiz 1 Reviewer.pdf

▪ Personal Model – to develop a LITT LONG QUIZ 1 REVIEWER lasting pleasure in reading and INTRODUCTION TO CLASSIC continuing growth of LITERATURES OF...

▪ Personal Model – to develop a LITT LONG QUIZ 1 REVIEWER lasting pleasure in reading and INTRODUCTION TO CLASSIC continuing growth of LITERATURES OF THE WORLD understanding ▪ Literature LEVELS OF MEANING IN READING A - timeless expression of FOREIGN TEXT significant human experiences ▪ Lexical meaning – from dictionary told in words that are well- ▪ Structural and Grammatical chosen and arranged in a Meaning highly creative style capable of ▪ Socio-cultural meaning – most engaging the reader’s difficult to understand because imagination this is subjective - written and oral - acquaintance with letters HIPPOLYTE TAINE’S CONCEPTS OF: ▪ Littera – letter ▪ Race – a particular race has a ▪ Fiction and Non-fiction – distinct cultural trait common literary types ▪ Moment – period in history that ▪ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe – shaped that thinking introduced the concept of ▪ Milieu – individual forces other Weltliterartur (1827) to describe than the setting that contribute to the growing availability of texts the artistic production from other nations ▪ Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels – INTERPRETING LITERATURE used the term in their Communist ▪ Close Reading Manifesto (1848) to describe the ▪ Notes specific uses of “cosmopolitan character” of language such as imagery, bourgeois literary production symbols, repeated terms, ▪ World Literature – refers to patterns of expression, the literature from all over the world tone of the speaker, and ▪ Significance of Literature the main ideas the writer ▪ Empowers the readers introduces ▪ Enables the readers to ▪ Careful questioning of the experience the experience text of others ▪ Reading and rereading ▪ Expands our life because it ▪ Note allusions to other shows us how rich our literature world is INTERPRETATIVE STRATEGIES MODELS IN THE STUDY OF LITERATURE ▪ Text-based – meaning is in the text ▪ Cultural Model – for ▪ Reader-based – meaning is understanding and appreciating created by the reader cultures and ideologies ▪ Context-based – meaning is ▪ Language Model – to promote related to biographical, historical language development, teaching and cultural information of vocabulary and language structure TYPES OF LITERATURE  ▪ Poetry – composition written in should be part of the planed verse which usually takes patterns symbolic significance of an of measurements such as stress, organized system syllables, rhyme and rely heavily POETIC DICTION on figurative language, imagery, symbols, rhetorical devices ▪ Rhetorical Devices – manner in ▪ “poiesis” – making or which language is used, creating underlying meaning and its interaction with sound and form QUALITIES OF POETRY ▪ Allegory and Symbolic Allusions 1. Formal Structure – using a character to represent a ▪ Prosody – study of meter, complex message or idea rhythm and intonation of a ▪ Vivid Imagery and symbolism – poem juxtaposition of unexpected or ▪ Meter – regularized and impossible images patterned rhythm ▪ Figures of speech – using other distinguished by number words to mean something else and accent of syllables TYPES OF POETRY ▪ Rhythm – actual sound from a line of poetry 1. Narrative Poetry – tells a story ▪ Timing – accent syllables ▪ Epic – a long narrative poem and moras divided into distinct parts and ▪ Metrical Rhythm – precise episode bound together by a arrangement or syllables common relationship to a into repeated patterns great hero, action, and time. ▪ Parallelism – successive Begins in medias res lines reflect each other in ▪ Metrical Romance – a long grammatical structure, rambling love story in verse sound structure and during the middle ages national content ▪ Ballad – short narrative poem ▪ Rhyme – identical or intended to be sung similar sounds 2. Lyric Poetry – expresses personal ▪ Alliteration – repetition of thoughts and feelings of its author initial consonant sounds ▪ Ode – extended poem, usually ▪ Assonance – repetition of complicated in meter and internal vowel sounds stanza form, it expresses 2. Intensity of Language enthusiasm and lofty praise for - Uses every resource of a person or thing language from simplicity to ▪ Greek Ode – strophe, eloquence antistrophe and epode, - Connotative employs words intended to be recited by two for their flavor or feel individuals or groups - Tone – atmosphere, feeling, (choruses) attitude, stance, or the poet’s ▪ Roman Ode – uniform way of looking at his subject or stanzas, personal meditation at the world ▪ Irregular Ode – introduced by - Imagery – total sensory Abraham Cowley, irregular suggestion of poetry and stanzaic structure  ▪ Elegy – poem of lamentation ▪ Fable – animal characters that (author’s grief) speaks and acts like humans, it ▪ Song – short lyric poem also teaches a lesson intended to be sung ▪ Anecdote – brief entertaining ▪ Sonnet – 14 iambic narrative, chiefly personal or pentameter lines which biographical, that gives a lesson to produces single effect the reader ▪ Haiku – Japanese type of ▪ Essay – expresses the viewpoint or poetry originally written in a opinion of the author about a single vertical line with 3 particular problem or event sections and 17 onji (5-7-5) ▪ Oration – intended to be spoken in 3. Dramatic poetry – portrays life and public, it may appeal to the character through action in powerful intellect, will or emotion of the emotion-packed lines such as those in audience Shakespeare’s plays ▪ Biography – story about the life of ▪ Comedy – aims to amuse the a person audience and ends happily ELEMENTS OF PROSE ▪ Tragedy – ends disastrously ▪ Farce – exaggerated comedy ▪ Plot – sequence of events or ▪ Melodrama – sensational actions in the story actions, a sentimental love ▪ Characterization – shows how a story, extravagant emotions, character behaves in a certain and mostly happy endings situation ▪ Dramatic monologue – one ▪ Setting – the milieu or location and character speaks throughout the time of the story but the presence, actions and ▪ Theme – the underlying idea words of other characters are ▪ Message – what the author is implied. trying to say in writing the story ▪ Conflict – clash or contradiction TYPES OF POETRY which upsets the emotions and ▪ Prose moves the story - Writing that does not adhere to ▪ Point of view – the standpoint any formal structures where the story is presented - Non-poetic writing OTHER NARRATIVE FORMS - Fictio means to invent or make-up ▪ Oral Literature – not written TYPES OF PROSE PRACTICE QUESTIONS ▪ Novel – a long narrative divided 1. The most basic literary types are into chapters involving many classified as _____ and _____ characters Answer: Fiction and Non-fiction ▪ Short story – short narrative with 2. The environment of the writer may one or more characters and one affect his/her literary writing which plot, and one single impression leads to _____ concept. ▪ Play – narrative presented on stage Answer: milieu ▪ Legend – fictitious narrative about 3. This kind of interpretation lies on the origins of living and non-living historical background of the text. things Answer: Context-based 4. General characteristics of literature ▪ Burning brimstone – God’s wrath 5. _____ is the concept which refers to the ARISTOTLE’S THREE MODE OF period in the history of a nation that PERSUASION may have influenced a certain literary writing. ▪ Aristotle – Greek philosopher Answer: Moment ▪ Persuasive speaking – 6. This is a non-prose text which recounts fundamental discovery of Aristotle personal experiences. ▪ Logos Answer: Journal - Appealing to logic 7. In oral traditions, one story may have - Uses facts many versions because of its oral ▪ Pathos beginnings, thus it has _____ - appealing to emotions authorship. ▪ Ethos Answer: communal - appealing to ethics, moral and 8. The concept of world literature character "weltliteratur" was introduced by - identity of the speaker has a Answer: Johann Wolfgang Von great impact Goethe 9. This _____ genre is a narrative prose that may take place in a long time and MODULE 3: A TIME OF FASTING AND multiple setting. ABSTINENCE (POETRY) Answer: Novel 10. Elements of a poem ▪ Ramadan - Holy month of fasting, Answer: structure, diction and introspection and prayer for imagery Muslims (the followers of 11. In this model, it allows the readers to Islam) develop the love for reading. - It is celebrated as the month Answer: personal model during which Muhammad received the initial revelations of the Quran – the holy book for MODULE 2: THE WORLD’S IN TROUBLE Muslims ▪ Sermon – dominant literary form in - Muslims do not eat or drink the American colonies from sunrise to sunset ▪ Jonathan Edwards - Supposed to avoid impure - theologian who was born in thoughts and bad behavior 1703 in Connecticut - The end of Ramadan is - he married Sarah Pierpont celebrated with a three-day - First Great Awakening festival known as Eid al-Fitr - Preached Sinners in the Hands ▪ Islam of an Angry God - World’s second largest religion - President of College of New - More than 1 billion followers Jersey (Princeton) - Originated in Arabia - Died of smallpox - Countries with largest Muslim population: Indonesia, SINNERS IN THE HAND OF AN ANGRY Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, GOD Egypt, Turkey and Iran ▪ Out of Christ – not in God’s grace  - Muslims believe that around senior research fellow at the 610 A.D., Muhammad (c.570- Institute for Palestine Studies 632) from the Arabian city of - his poems are rich in imagery, Mecca started receiving and draw on elements of revelations from God, or Allah, impressionism and surrealism via the angel Gabriel OTHER WORKS - The revelations were collected into Quran – 114 chapter holy ▪ Flawed landscape: Poems 1987- book which Muslims believe 2008 contains the exact words of ▪ Grape Leaves: A Century of Arab- God American Poetry - In Arabic, Islam means ▪ Culture and the Natural “submission” or “surrender” to Environment: Ancient and God Modern Middle Eastern Texts and The Burden of Resources: Oil and 5 PILLARS OF ISLAM Water in the Gulf and the Nile 1. Shahada – Faith Basin 2. Salat – pray five times a day LENT 3. Zakat – give support to the needy 4. Sawm – fasting during Ramadan - Period of forty days which 5. Hajj – pilgrimage to Mecca comes before Easter in the Christian calendar DEFINITION OF TERMS - A time for fasting and reflection ▪ Hegemony – leadership and - Preceded by Shrove Tuesday dominance, especially by one and begins with Ash country Wednesday ▪ Muezzin – a man who calls - Christians replicate Jesus’ Muslims to prayer from the sacrifice and withdrawal into minaret of mosque the desert for 40 days ▪ Stratagem – a plan to outwit an - Fasting, both from food and enemy festivities ▪ Oasis – a fertile spot in a desert LENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY SHARIF ELMUSA - time for prayer and penance - Scholar, poet, translator, - only small number of people professor, environmentalist fast, although some maintain - Born in 1947 in the village of Al- the practice on Ash Abbasiya – 10 miles from the Wednesday and Good Friday port city of Jaffa, Palestinian- - to surrender a particular vice American such as favorite foods or - Grew up in a refugee camp smoking (Jericho) PRACTICE QUESTIONS - Studied CE in Egypt - Travelled to US to attend MIT 1. This _____ celebration refers to the (doctorate in regional “Feast of Fast-Breaking” Eid al-Fitr development) 2. In which time of the day does this line - Served as a freelance author, refer to “and solar force gives way Senior Fullbright Fellow, and to lunar stratagem” dusk 3. In Arabic, Islam means _____ or _____ - Celebrated on April 30, the to God. Submission or surrender special day stems from 4. The lines “I slipped through the gate Children’s Day, which began in straight to her doorbell” refer to which 1925 during the World form of imagery? Kinetic Conference for the Well-Being 5. Elmusa’s poems are rich in imagery of Children in Geneva and thus looks like a _____ of THE GREAT DEPRESSION words.painting ▪ Worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world, MODULE 4 : THE GREAT DEPRESSION lasting from the stock market crash of 1929 to 1939 ▪ Anaphora – rhetorical device that ▪ Elements uses repetition of the same word - Setting: Colorado, US – CCC or phrase at the beginning of Camp successive clauses - CCC – The Civilian FUNCTIONS OF ANAPHORA Conservation Corps ▪ Characters 1. Creates rhythmic effect in literature - Eduardo Delgado – uncle 2. Easy to remember - The Sergeant – CCC used 3. Gives importance to different ideas military names for people in 4. Gives artistic effect in passage, prose positions of authority or poetry 5. Appeals the emotions of the audience FIGURES OF SPEECH and encourage the readers and ▪ Stomachs almost as noisy as audience gears’ screech – simile and 6. Emphasize some specific point hyperbole 7. Highlight some issue ▪ Our eyes hungry for paychecks – 8. To clear a point personification 9. To create beauty ▪ I bought the dark with my last fifteen cents – Anaphora ▪ Pat Mora ▪ I tried not to think – Anaphora - Born in 1942 to Raul Antonio Mora and Estella Mora IMAGERY - Grew up in El Paso, Texas ▪ Kinetic - Chants – first book of poetry for - Gripping an axe, swinging, adults, published in 1984 slicing - A Birthday Basket for Tia – - Playing CCC lumberjack in a published in 1992 house still dark from my - Works are presented in father’s death bilingual format (English and ▪ Olfactory/Visual Spanish) - That cold green smell, me a - Most significant legacies will border kid, pale Mexican be the creation and promotion ▪ Auditory of El dia de los ninos/El dia de - Stomachs almost as noisy as los libros, which is also gears’ screech promoted as Children’s ▪ Visual Day/Book Day  - In a house still dark from my 9. Resolution – the ending of the story father’s death LEO TOLSTOY THE GREAT DEPRESSION - Russia’s greatest writer 1918 – WWI ends on November 11. US - Born on August 28, 1828 at production slows as national spending Yasnaya Polyana grows on credit instead of cash - Wealthy background - Greatest works: War and 1924 – stock market skyrockets on January Peace and Anna Karenina 1st due to industrialization and - 1844, began studying law and consumer spending on credit Oriental languages at Kazan 1929 – stock market crashes in late University October, sending Wall Street into a - Not good at academics panic and wiping out millions of - Started writing his first novel, investors on the day known as Black Childhood (1852) Tuesday - Joined army - Married to Sofia Andreyevna 1930 – first Bank Panic occurs in early Behrs January. The Dust Bowl began this year - Gave up his material things also (ruined many farmers) 1931 – Reconstruction Finance Corp is created under the guide of President Herbert Hoover 1933 – US Great Depression hit its worst point, Franklin Roosevelt is elected President with his New Deal 1939 – WWII begins 1941 – end of the Great Depression MODULE 5: GOD ALONE KNOWS THE TRUTH ELEMENTS OF FICTION 1. Setting – when and where 2. Characters – who ▪ Protagonist – main character ▪ Antagonist – bad 3. Plot – sequence of events 4. Exposition – start of the story 5. Conflict – the problem in the story 6. Rising Action – action that leads to climax 7. Climax – turning point in the story 8. Falling Action – the story comes to an ending