List 4 Functions - Design Theory PDF

1. List 4 functions (intention/benefits/goals) of positive theory: a. To educate the individual b. Build machines to solve problems that existed c. To become value free d. To be un-biased 2. According to Nesbit (1996), design theory may gain legitimacy through persuasi...

1. List 4 functions (intention/benefits/goals) of positive theory: a. To educate the individual b. Build machines to solve problems that existed c. To become value free d. To be un-biased 2. According to Nesbit (1996), design theory may gain legitimacy through persuasion e. True 3. Like normative theory, positive theory is also generally considered value free f. False 4. normative theory could relate to design process (procedural) g. True 5. it is a design professionals' attitude towards the built environment are often related to their attitude towards people h. True 6. define theory as presented during the first lecture (and as listed on the definition handout) i. A rigorous and creative structuring of ideas that project a tentative, purposeful, and systematic view of phenomena 7. Which of the following is not related to Kruff\'s book a history of architectural theory? j. Architectural theory is related to a systematic study of social response 8. define two types of research k. gathering of information l. creating new knowledge, a systematic process 9. evidence based design research based design generally refers to which typology m. Healthcare 10. How is philosophy different from theory? n. Philosophy goes deep into the subject and can have many different ideas. A theory is an idea that can be proved or disproved. 11. Using the following terms, outline the model of theory as presented in the class: (procedural, normative, natural/environment, positive, person/ environment, substantive) Positive Substantive -- person/environment Natural/environment procedural normative 12. Design praxis could be different than design practice and that it includes both **thory** and **practice** 13. list three of the seven habits of mind that dispose one towards theoretical thinking o. Open mindedness p. Inquisitiveness q. Systematic 14. according to the lecture comma when did the development of environmental behavioral sciences and related human needs begin? r. 1960s 15. scientific method involves principles and procedures for the systematic pursuit of knowledge involving: s. The recognition and formulation of problem t. the collection of data through research u. and the formulation of testing of hypothesis 16. synthesis is related to deductive reasoning v. False 17. according to the Paul and elder reading comma inert information is the basis for activated knowledge w. False 18. According to Nesbitt (theorizing a new agenda for architecture) x. theory deals with architectures aspirations as much as its accomplishments 19. the value of theory for environmental design is related to the power of **prediction** 20. Believe may be characterized as stronger than mere underground opinion but weaker than full knowledge y. True 21. Groat and Wang 2002 stated that middle range theories have a wide applicability across disciplines z. True 22. we generally recognize the work of individual designers by the **design concept** they use 23. Discuss the difference between inference and assumption a. inference is about the future b. assumption is based on the past 24. According to Nesbitt which of the following was/ were not a postmodern theoretical theme? c. architectural syntax d. suburban theory 25. give an example of a conflict of interest related to their professional practice of interior design e. OK a novice may not understand what the expert may know. Even the expert has to continue to research 26. something according to paul and elder, list three types of implications in any situation f. Possible ones g. Probable ones h. necessary ones 27. in relation to brunswick probabilistic functionalism comma distal cues are subjective and proximal cues are objective i. False 28. Research indicates that most observers prefer ornate and single purpose buildings j. True 29. thank you for considering spatial cognition comma social legibility is generally not related to culture k. False 30. list 3 of kevin lynch\'s five elements of setting that contribute to legibility l. Cognitive mapping m. clear paths n. landmarks and cues 31. jack nassars abstract relevant properties include which of the following? o. Symbolic quality 32. phenomenologists **reduce** the distinction between the setting and the perceiver 33. proper signage is a solution to way finding p. False 34. spatial cognition primarily relates to the manner in which we process, store, and recall information q. True 35. need to cancel for signage and meaning in the environment are related to four distinct processes period which of the following was not mentioned in the Gifford textbook r. cultural attachment 36. How does Gibson\'s concept of affordances differ from Brunswick's probabilistic functionalism s. Environmental appraisals are personal judgments of an environment. Environment assessments are how we interpret and environment and what it can do for us 37. berlin\'s collective properties include the following except t. Mysteriousness 38. Give an example of Herbert left exercise - a way of enhancing our awareness of the environment u. nothing is static for a person to see a change it has to be a big change 39. According to research, people generally prefer square rooms rather than rectangular rooms even though square rooms are often perceived to be smaller. v. True 40. James Russell and maribel bean\'s model of emotional response references pleasure and arousal in developing a pattern of emotions w. True 41. explain the difference between environmental appraisals and environmental assessments x. environmental appraisal comma the value the environment gives, we perceive it gives. Environmental assessment, research of the environment to make a theory. 42. the weber fechner law relates to: y. Habituation 43. stephen and rachel kaplan preference framework include the following except z. Unity 44. Research methods: what is a potential problem with self report methods a. Self support method is backed by oneself and not others 45. According to kaplan\'s preference framework which of the following is inaccurate statement? See b. Generally, environmental preference should increase when the four major cognitive affordances increase 46. generally and increase helson\'s adaptation level theory relates to levels of environmental **simulation** 47. according to jack nassar comma an exciting building will show c. low orderliness comma complexity comma and atypical style 48. In general, our captain\'s preference framework combined categories of order and complexity and legibility and mystery different? d. Order and complexity focuses on the perception of the user in relation to the environment while legibility and mystery work on the way finding and surprising factors of the space. 49. Integral theory person and environment are part of one inclusive entity period this refers to which of the following e. Transnationalism 50. A key to critical thinking is to **question and doubt** 51. The value of theory is for interior design is related to its power of **prediction** 52. territoriality how is marking a territory different than personalization of a territory f. Personalization has to do with things that personally are yours. Marketing has to do with marking the space to show it\'s yours 53. With reference to territoriality, the name for a type of defense that is used at the edge of interactional territories and consists of a ritual engaged by hosts and visitors is referred to as g. social boundary 54. Social boundaries generally those with more **internal** locus of control engage in more environmentally responsible behaviors and are more likely to be political activists 55. according to the gifford text an idea would not be considered a type of of territory h. False 56. social pedal settings discourage social interaction i. False 57. defensive individuals participate more in a circular setting configuration j. False 58. Personal space is influenced by a person\'s self-construal and personality k. True 59. Why would individuals with more internal locus of control engage in more environmentally responsible behaviors compared to external locus of control? l. Internals believe they are responsible for the physical environment 60. An old rule of thumb says that when **60%** of seats in the room are taken some new arrivals will leave rather than take a seat. 61. By the age of **12** children use personal space approximately the way adults do 62. class lecture listed 7 characteristics that would lead to successful action research process which of the following would generally not be considered a characteristic m. The process is not a way of developing a local situational specific theory of action 63. Intelligence is generally not considered a factor in how much space a person marks off for their territory n. False 64. There is proof that territoriality perception and behavior is inherited o. False 65. according to your class lecture notes comma list 3 functions and territories p. need for identity q. need for stimulation r. need for security 66. the more design can provide **primary** territories for every person that better 67. why would kurt lewins field theory foreign hall be important for an interior designer s. Environment foreign hall has to do with the unknown, it is important for the designer to understand what is unknown to them. 68. In the summary of chapter 5 at the very least designers should offer people in relation to furniture arrangements t. either a **flexibility** of seating arrangements or **variety** seating arrangement 69. type A personalities tend to claim smaller personal space u. False 70. personal space individuals generally choose larger distances between people indoors and outdoors v. True 71. According to Eric Knowles nearly every interpersonal situation involves avoidance tendances w. True 72. person thing orientation scales you are designing a retail space how would you design for a group of person specialists differ from a design for a group of things specialists x. It would differ because for person specialists you are designing the space for a person\'s orientation rather than for object thing orientation 73. locus of control which of the following is correct y. internals believe luck generally not a factor in life 74. kurt lewins field theory life space comprises 2 factors the person and the **psychological** environment 75. how does gifford\'s definition of personal space differed from robert summers z. giffords definition says that personal space is the change in distance or angle of orientation between people, while summer says is the invisible boundaries around a persons body 76. according to jane and oscar newman **surveillance** will increase residents sense of security and decreased crime 77. according to gifford alpha personal space a. is objective 78. list 2 of the 7 habits that dispose one toward critical thinking you b. truth seeking c. Openmindedness 79. christopher alexander identifying a behavioral **pattern** will help us understand how human needs translate into environmental solutions 80. sheridan cohen assert that mediation of crowding requires environment be designed to provide d. perception of controllability 81. which of the following theories states that privacy is a dynamic always changing process e. Irwin Altman 82. list three factors that can be used to predict approach and avoidance behavior f. Environmental load g. ability to screen stimuli h. our memories and motivation 83. Patricia Newell privacy is generally grounded i. True 84. evans the poor and allen conclude that psychological distress experienced in relation to density varies by culture j. False 85. the need for privacy has cross cultural similarities k. True 86. westin equates the ability to choose desired levels of privacy with intellectual freedom l. False 87. which theorist equates our ability to choose and achieve desired levels of privacy with personal and political freedom m. Weston 88. Perhaps the most interesting nonverbal behavior that humans use to communicate is **eye** contact 89. the most effective positive distraction for involuntary attention is **nature** 90. The greatest source of uncertainty and unpredictability in an environment n. People 91. the need for privacy involves 2 issues o. the seek of interaction p. the control of interaction 92. feelings of crowding may be controlled or eliminated through q. Personal space r. verbal behavior 93. peterson developed categories of functions of privacy period which one of the following was not included s. Containment 94. two major contributors to environmental stress are t. lack of **control** over the environment u. rapid **changes** within the environment 95. anonymity is best achieved in public territories v. True 96. according to davidson research has proven that there are general happiness requirements that do not vary from culture to culture w. False 97. Alan weston\'s types of privacy were fewer than petersons which one of the following was not included x. Isolation 98. define reserve as a type of privacy y. The state in which a person uses psychological barriers to control unwanted intrusion 99. irwin altman which of the following are related to his ideas select three that are related z. Environment and behavior are intertwined to the point of being inseparable a. process of privacy is dynamic b. Privacy is self/ other regulation process 100. maslow\'s self actualization is linked to socialization more than a need for privacy c. False 101. all male groups become less competitive and crowded conditions d. False 102. in relation to competition and cooperation comma crowding produced relatively small effect upon mixed generation groups e. True 103. Explain the difference between solitude and isolation f. solitude that need to be alone g. isolation separating ourselves from others 104. according to research when working in small groups face to face seating actually seems to lead to cooperation h. True 105. According to the lecture notes environmental density as opposed to environmental crowding refers to a psychological response to over stimulation i. False 106. according to the privacy text urban environments are less sustainable than their counterparts j. False 107. central theories of privacy the benefits of privacy are related to the ability to k. enhance feelings of **well-being** l. Facilitate the development of our **self** **identity** 108. The key to critical thinking is to **question**