LGMT-WEEK-2.pdf

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY LGMT311 COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE (2024 -2025) FIRST SEMESTER - PRELIMS INTRODUCTION TO LABORATORY MANAGEMENT...

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY LGMT311 COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE (2024 -2025) FIRST SEMESTER - PRELIMS INTRODUCTION TO LABORATORY MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW OF LABORATORY MANAGEMENT o Complete blood count, differential count, platelet count.  Management is the process of reaching organizational goals by working with and through people and other BLOOD TRANSFUSION SERVICE organization resources which attains organization goals o Prepares and performs cross-matching for the in an effective and efficient manner. compatibility of patient’s blood to donor’s blood which includes whole blood, packed red blood cells, platelet LABORATORY PERSONNEL concentrates and plasma transfusions. o Cross matching, blood matching, antibody screening. GENERALIST o Preparation of blood. o Trained in multiple areas of the laboratory with staffing flexibility and wide area of knowledge. BLOOD BANK PRODUCTION o RMT that is flexible. o Prepares different blood components, derivatives and o Pwede kahit saan other blood products for transfusion. o In charge of the supply of various blood products. LABORATORY SUPERVISOR o Individual responsible for staffing and scheduling the HISTOPATHOLOGY AND CYTOLOGY laboratory o Surgical specimens are examined for pathologic o Chief Medical Technologist diagnosis and interpretation. o Also nag iinterview o Cytology sections requires smears of body fluids to o More on paper works gather evidence for certain medical conditions. SPECIALIST or SECTION HEAD IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY o Person trained and experienced in one specific o Patient’s sample are analyzed to identify any present laboratory discipline antibody or antigen that causes any medical condition o Expertise that may be considered as infectious. o HIV, Hepatitis, Measles Tests. MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST o Person with expertise in testing methods and has the ability to analyze and solve problems o A bachelor degree holder in medical technology program, some requires certification of practice MEDICAL TECHNICIAN o Knowledge may be lacking to review or troubleshoot test results o He / She undergo training in phlebotomy o Phlebotomist o Di pa pasado sa board exams o Pwedeng nag undergo training as a phlebotomy LABORATORY SECTIONS CLINICAL CHEMISTRY NOTE: o Patient’s specimen is tested for various chemical - Medical Director – Pathologist / Doctor components (glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, - Laboratory Director / Administrator Clinical hormones and enzymes). Pathology – Chief Medtech CLINICAL MICROSCOPY *SECOND PPT* o Performs routine and special test on patient’s urine and fecal samples and other body fluids. INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL SYSTEM o Examined and performed through microscopic analysis. MANAGEMENT o Urinalysis, Fecalysis, Fecal occult blood, pregnancy o Is the attainment of organizational goals in an test. effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational HEMATOLOGY resources. o Performs routine and special tests on the component o Management is very important for us to be organized. of whole blood and to other body fluids. EJPM 3-Y1-6 1  LABORATORY MANAGEMENT  SIX (6) RESPONSIBILITIES IN MANAGING EMPLOYEES: o Organized o Command o Control o Coordinate o Plan o Forecast 1. PLANNING BUREAUCRATIC MANAGEMENT o Identify goals for future organizational performance Max Weber (1864-1920) o Deciding on the task and use of resources to o More sociological approach when creating attain them Bureaucratic Management. o Managerial planning defines where the o Idea that revolve around importance of structuring organization wants to be in the future and business in a hierarchal manner with clear rules and how to get them. roles. o Basis: 2. ORGANIZING  Clear division of labor o Involves assigning tasks, grouping into  Separation of owner’s personal and departments, delegating authorities, organizational assets responsible for sections, allocating resources  Hierarchal chain of command across the organization.  Accurate record keeping  Hiring and promotion based on qualifications 3. LEADING and performance not personal relationships o When we manage lab, we also lead.  Consistent regulations o Use of influence to motivate employees to achieve organizational goals. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT o Creating a shared culture and values, communicating goals to our employees Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) throughout the organization, infuse desires to o He promotes standardization, specialization and perform at a high level. assignment based on ability, extensive training and supervision only through those practices can a 4. CONTROLLING business achieve efficiency and productivity. o Monitoring the employee’s activities. o Attempts to find optimal way to complete given task at o Determining whether the organization is on the expense of the employee’s humanity. target, making corrections as necessary. THEORIES X AND Y ESSENTIAL MANAGEMENT THEORIES Douglas McGregor (1906-1964) SYSTEM THEORY THEORY X o Posits employees are pathetic or dislike their work. Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1901-1972) o Managers who adhere to theory X are often o Encourage to realize that business is a system and it authoritarian and micromanage everything because is governed by same laws and behaviors that affect they don’t trust employees. every other biological organizations o Entropy – tendency for a system to rundown and THEORY Y die, thing to be avoided. o Posits the employees are self motivated, responsible o Synergy – Working together, the parts can produce and want to take ownership of their work. something greater than those the same parts can o Managers who adhere theory Y include their produce on their own. employees in decision making process and o Subsystem – Whole is built on subsystems and yet encourage creativity at all levels. is built with more subsystems. o May kusa and desire ang employees PRINCIPLES OF ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT NOTE: - Small businesses tends to operate on Theory Y. Miner and engineer Henri Fayol (1841-1925) - Big businesses on Theory X. o Top down approach o Put himself in manager’s shoes and imagine HUMAN RELATIONS THEORY situations they might encounter with dealing with their team. Elton Mayo (1880-1949) o He concluded that his managers are indeed o Employees are more motivated by social factors managers in general. (personal attention or being part of a group) than EJPM 3-Y1-6 2  LABORATORY MANAGEMENT environmental factor such as money and working o Providing a product or service that customers value. conditions. o To achieve high performance, attainment of organizational goals by using resources by efficient CLASSICAL MANAGEMENT and effective manner. o Predicated on the idea that employees MANAGEMENT SKILLS only have physical needs. o Employees can satisfy physical needs with money.  CONCEPTUAL SKILLS o Focus on economics and organizing the workers. o Cognitive ability to see the organization as a whole system and the relationship among its parts  7 principles: o Involves manager’s thinking, information processing o Profit maximization and planning abilities. o Labor specialization o Involves knowing where one’s department fits into o Centralized leadership the total organization and how the organization fits o Streamlined operation into the industry, community, broader business and o Emphasis on productivity social environment. o Single person or select few decisions making o Priority to the bottom line  HUMAN SKILLS o Manager’s ability to work with and through the other CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT people. o To work effectively as a group member. Fred Fiedler (1950& 1960) o Demonstrated in a way that a manager relates to o Based on idea that effective leadership is directly other people. related to the traits of leader that is displayed in any o Ability to motivate, facilitate, coordinate, lead given situation. communicate and resolve conflicts. o Suggests there is no one management approach that o Allows subordinates to express themselves without suits every situation and every organization. fear of ridicule. o Encourages participation and shows appreciations  3 General Variables to Determine Business for employee’s efforts. Management and Structures o Size of organization  TECHNICAL SKILLS o Technology employed o Understanding of and proficiency in the o Leadership at all levels of the business performance of a specific task. o Mastery of methods, techniques, equipment MODERN MANAGEMENT involved in specific functions such as engineering, manufacturing and finance. o Embraces idea that people are complex - (mahirap o Specialized knowledge, Analytical ability, intindihan / komplikado) competent use of tools and techniques to solve in o Needs vary over time and they possess range of that specific discipline. talents and skills. o Business can develop through on the job training and TYPES OF MANAGEMENT programs. TOP MANAGERS QUANTITATIVE MANAGEMENT o Top of the hierarchy, responsible for the entire organization. o Response of managerial efficiency together experts o Set organizational goals, defining on strategies on from scientific disciplines to address staffing (materials, achieving them. logistics, systems issues). o Monitoring and interpreting external environment and making decisions that affect entire organization ORGANIZATIONS AS LEARNING SYSTEM o Responsible for communicating shared vision for the organization. o System built on a succession of subsystems o Shaping corporate culture, nurturing entrepreneurial o In order for the business to run smoothly and efficiently spirit that can help the company innovative and keep within itself but also with others subsystems around it. phase with rapid change. o Managers are responsible for coordinating the cooperation necessary to ensure the larger organism to MIDDLE MANAGERS continue to function successfully. o Responsible for businesses units anD major departments. LABORATORY MANAGER o Implement overall strategies and policies that are defined by top managers. MANAGER’S ROLE AND ATTRIBUTES o Concerned with near future rather than long range planning. o Coordinate resources in an effective and efficient o manner to accomplish the organization’s goals. EJPM 3-Y1-6 3  LABORATORY MANAGEMENT PROJECT MANAGERS REVIEW ORGANIZATION OBJECTIVES o People or managers responsible for temporary work o Organization will set or revise its objectives for the project. next period. o Involves participation of people from various functions o Most uses 3-month planning period to succeed and and levels of organization perhaps outside of the improve. company. SET EMPLOYEE OBJECTIVES FIRST LINE MANAGERS o Each subdivision set its objectives. o Directly responsible for production of goods and services. MONITOR o Groups and non-management employees o Gives employee and manager to rectify situation o Primary concern: application of rules and procedures should progress start to go off-track. to achieve efficient production and provide technical assistance and motivates subordinates. EVALUATE o Straightforward to check if employees achieved their FUNCTIONAL MANAGERS goals. o Responsible for the departments that perform single functional task. REWARD o Have employees with similar trainings and skills o Employees need to get rewarded to each achievement at the end of period, bonuses.  LINE MANAGERS o Responsible for manufacturing and ADVANTAGES marketing department that make or sell product or service. o Continually driving the organization to move toward strategic goals.  STAFF MANAGERS o Everyone within organization knows what to achieve o In charge of department such as finance and during that period. human resources that supports line o Helps employees understand to contribute to managers. organizational targets. o Employees who understand and what they do can be GENERAL MANAGERS more motivated and models secures commitment of o Responsible for several department that will perform employees to attaining organizational goals as each different functions. employee understand how to they uniquely contribute o Responsible for self-contained division and for all to the organization. functional departments. o Employees feel crucial to proceedings leading and increase loyalty. MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES (MBO Program) o Employees tend to have more commitment goals, that they themselves help set. o Is a management tool whereby managers and employees work together to set and track objectives DISADVANTAGES for a specific time period. o Developing targets can be time consuming leaving o Objectives and plans will cascade down organization both manager and employees to carry out their duties until every individual has specific objective for the o If not implemented with care, it can lead to poor period or time period. teamwork within employees. o Employees only concern with targets not with good IMPLEMENTATION MBO PROGRAM teamwork. o Establish long-range company goals in such areas as o It can result unnecessary office politics as employees sales, competitive positioning, human resource fight to outshine others. development. o Under emphasizes contexts. o Use these long-range plans to determine company- wide goals for the current year. o It requires each employee to produce five to ten specific, measurable goals. Each goal should be supported with means of measurement and series of steps toward completion. o Provide for a regular review of employee progress toward meeting goals. EJPM 3-Y1-6 4