LG Lesson 4 PDF

L A N G U A G E G U I D E :: EXAMPLES IN CONTEXT Take a look at a dialogue with all these question words: Trey Julia Trey Julia Trey Julia Trey Julia – – – – – – – – Julia, do you want to come to Dave’s party with me? When is it? It’s next week, on Tuesday. What time is it going to be? In the ev...

L A N G U A G E G U I D E :: EXAMPLES IN CONTEXT Take a look at a dialogue with all these question words: Trey Julia Trey Julia Trey Julia Trey Julia – – – – – – – – Julia, do you want to come to Dave’s party with me? When is it? It’s next week, on Tuesday. What time is it going to be? In the evening, at around seven o’clock. Oh, I can’t. I have my dance class. But you have practice on Monday too...How often do you practice? Almost every day. I’m off only on Friday and Sunday. :: COMMON MISTAKES L INCORRECT CORRECT How frequent do you work? How often you go to the gym? How often do you work? How often do you go to the gym? E S S O N 4 ADJECTIVES TO DESCRIBE PLACES :: USE AND STRUCTURE Adjectives → Descriptions → Characteristics Let’s review sentence constructions with adjectives? Sentence Constructions Subject + Verb To Be + Adjective → Corcovado is amazing. 85 BASIC 2 L E S S O N 4 Subject + Verb To Be + A/An + Adjective + Noun → Copacabana is a famous beach. Subject + Verb + Preposition + A/An + Adjective + Noun → The Botanical Garden is an impressive place. • Don’t forget that adjectives in English aren’t used in the plural form. Cape Town and Johannesburg are big South African cities. • Take a look at some more adjectives used to describe places: VS . A F IL T H Y RO O M 86 VS. A NE AT ROOM A DA NG ER OUS STR E E T A SA F E STR E E T L A N G U A G E G U I D E VS . A N O IS Y NE I G HBORH OOD = A P E AC E FU L PLACE = A CA L M NE IGHBOR HOOD VS . A WE L L - D E C O RATE D ROOM VS. A TAC K Y D EC O R ATION A G R EAT PLACE VS . A C O M F O R TA B LE / C O Z Y S OFA A QUI ET PLACE A T ER R I BL E PLAC E VS. A N U NC O M FO R TABL E SOFA A N A MA Z I NG V IE W A HOR R I BL E V IEW :: EXAMPLES IN CONTEXT Talking about Vacations Diane – Tell me about Paris, Amy! Amy – Oh, Diane, it’s an amazing city! The people are very reserved…but the atmosphere is so refreshing. Diane – Really? Isn’t it dangerous? Amy – Every place is dangerous somehow, you need to be careful, but it is OK. Diane – It is a big metropolis. Isn’t it noisy? Amy – In some areas it is, but it is different if you just get into a cozy café, order an espresso and a macaron. It feels…fancy! Diane – Oh, I can picture it. I’m sure it is a great place. 87 BASIC 2 L E S S O N 4 :: COMMON MISTAKES INCORRECT CORRECT London and New York are greats cities. Hawaii is a peaceful. This is a place safe. London and New York are great cities. Hawaii is peaceful. This is a safe place. INTENSIFIERS :: USE AND STRUCTURE Intensifiers + Adjectives = Strong Adjective Intensifiers + Verb = Strong Action Sentence Constructions Subject + Verb + Intensifier + Adjective → Angela is very beautiful. Subject + Verb + A/An + Intensifier + Adjective + Complement → New York is a very busy city. Subject + Intensifier + Verb + Complement → Anthony really likes to dance. Take a look at some intensifiers. 88 • Really • Very, Quite, So, and Extremely “Bloody Monster” is a really scary movie! Look at Brad! He is really scared. Bungee jumping is very exciting. Bungee jumping is quite exciting. Bungee jumping is extremely exciting. Bungee jumping is so exciting. L A N G U A G E G U I D E • A Lot • A Bit, Kind of Look at Christina’s face near candies. She likes them a lot! John is a bit hungry. (but not very much) John is kind of hungry. :: STAY ALERT A lot ≠ A lot of Mike goes to the beach a lot. OK Mike goes a lot to the beach. OK Mike goes to a lot of beaches. QUANTITY, NOT INTENSITY :: EXAMPLES IN CONTEXT Leaving a Place Dea – You’re walking really fast. What’s up? Tony – I’m very late for a meeting. Talk to you later! :: COMMON MISTAKES INCORRECT CORRECT My mom loves very movies. Tommy eats very chocolate. My mom loves many / a lot of movies. Tommy eats a lot of chocolate. / Tommy eats chocolate a lot. 89 BASIC 2 L E S S O N 4 SIMPLE PRESENT VS. PRESENT CONTINUOUS :: USE AND STRUCTURE • Timelines Simple Present Present Continuous Continuous Actions/Events Facts/Events • Use Simple Present Facts, Permanent States, Habits, and Physical Laws Present Continuous Temporary, incomplete, or limited-duration actions around the present moment • First and Second Persons—Singular and Plural Example: To Dance Simple Present Present Continuous Affirmative I, you, we, they Negative I, you, we, they I am dancing. You, we, they are dancing. don’t dance. Interrogative Do Affirmative dance. I, we, you, they Negative I am not dancing. You, we, they are not dancing. dance? Interrogative Am Are I dancing? you, we, they • Third Person Singular Example: To Dance Simple Present Present Continuous Affirmative Affirmative He, she, it Negative He, she, it 90 He, she, it doesn’t dance. Interrogative Does dances. he, she, it dance? Negative He, she, it Interrogative Is is dancing. isn’t dancing. he, she, it dancing? dancing? L A N G U A G E G U I D E • Keywords Simple Present Present Continuous Always, Usually, Normally, Frequently Sometimes, Often, Rarely, Never Every day, Every week, on Mondays Now, Right Now, At the moment, Today Tonight, This month, This week :: EXAMPLES IN CONTEXT At the Doctor Dr. Martin Carol Dr. Martin Carol – Carol, how often do you exercise? – I usually exercise but I’m not going to the gym this week. – Why aren’t you exercising this week? (Temporary situation) – I work from nine a.m. to six p.m. but this month I’m working from seven a.m. to four p.m. (Fact/ limited-duration action around the present moment) On the Phone Laura – Mark – Laura – Mark – Mark, where are you? Hey, mom. I’m arriving at school right now. OK. Do you have soccer practice today? Yeah, we’re training for the finals. :: COMMON MISTAKES INCORRECT CORRECT I’m usually waking up early. I love soccer, but I don’t play this week. I walking to work every day but today I drive. I usually wake up early. I love soccer, but I’m not playing this week. I walk to work every day but today I’m driving. 91 BASIC 2 L E S S O N 4 THERE + TO BE :: USE AND STRUCTURE There + To Be → Expresses Existence • There + To Be in the Simple Present Affirmative Negative Interrogative Singular There is / There’s There is not / There isn’t Is there...? Plural There are There are not / There aren’t Are there...? Sentence Construction There Is/Are + Complement There Is + Singular Noun There is a cat in the room. There is a cat and a dog in the room. There Are + Plural Noun There are cats in the room. There Are + Plural Noun + Singular Noun There are cats and a dog in the room. • What is there in...? What is there in this kitchen? There is a refrigerator, a microwave oven, a stove, a table, and chairs. What is there in this shopping bag? There are fruits and vegetables. 92 L A N G U A G E G U I D E :: EXAMPLES IN CONTEXT Looking for a House Real Estate Agent – So, what is there in the house of your dreams? Mick – There is a big garden, a large kitchen with modern equipment... Anna – There are two floors in our dream house. There’s a swimming pool and three bedrooms. Real Estate Agent – Perfect! I have some houses to show you. Let’s go! :: STAY ALERT There’s a problem with the computer. → Contraction OK → Spoken and Informal language There is a problem with the computer → No contraction → Written and/or Formal language There are problems with the computer → Contractions are not possible :: COMMON MISTAKES INCORRECT CORRECT Have three bedrooms in this house. There many restaurants in Soho. There are a car and a motorcycle in the garage. There are three bedrooms in this house. There are many restaurants in Soho. There is a car and a motorcycle in the garage. R E V I E W HOW TO TALK ABOUT YOUR SCHEDULE :: LANGUAGE IN ACTION How do you talk about your schedule and regular activities? Here is Gaby, a working mom with a very busy life, and she will help you with it. 93