Lesson Plan PDF

Lesson Plan Teachers may wonder “which way they ought to go” before they enter a classroom. This usually means that teachers need to plan what they want to do in their classrooms. Lesson plan is a written description of how students will move toward attaining specific objectives...

Lesson Plan Teachers may wonder “which way they ought to go” before they enter a classroom. This usually means that teachers need to plan what they want to do in their classrooms. Lesson plan is a written description of how students will move toward attaining specific objectives. It describes the teaching behavior that will result in student learning. Lesson plans is a systematic record(s) of a teacher’s thoughts and plans about what will be covered during a lesson. Lesson plan helps the teacher think about the lesson in advance to resolve problems and difficulties, to provide a structure for a lesson, to provide a ‘map’ for the teacher to follow, and to provide a record of what has been taught. Lesson plan helps the teacher think about content, materials, sequencing, timing, and activities. Lesson plan provides security (in the form of a map) in the sometimes-unpredictable atmosphere of a classroom. The main steps of planning a lesson: 1) specify objectives; a) A lesson plan starts with appropriate and clearly written objectives. b) An objective is a description of a learning outcome. c) Objectives describe the destination we want our students to reach. d) Clear Objectives help teachers to evaluate what their students have learned at the end of the lesson. e) Clear objectives help students to know what is expected from them. 45 (2) Planning learning activities; When planning learning activities, you should consider the types of activities students will need to engage in, in order to develop the skills and knowledge required to demonstrate effective learning in the course. Learning activities should be directly related to the learning objectives of the course, and provide experiences that will enable students to engage in, practice, and gain feedback on specific progress towards those objectives. (3) organize learning activities; As you plan your learning activities, estimate how much time you will spend on each. Build in time for extended explanation or discussion, but also be prepared to move on quickly to different applications or problems, and to identify strategies that check for understanding. (4) Evaluating the lesson plan; This is the final part of daily lesson planning. It happens after the lesson has ended or even during the lesson. Ur offers the following criteria for evaluating lesson effectiveness and orders them as follows: (1) the class seemed to be learning the material well; (2) the learners were engaging with the foreign language throughout; (3) the learners were attentive all the time; (4) the learners enjoyed the lesson and were motivated; (5) the learners were active all the time; (6) the lesson went according to plan; (7) the language was used communicatively throughout. 46 The main steps of planning a lesson 1. Objectives: Write what you expect your students will do by the end of the lesson e.g., by the end of the lesson, students will be able to ‘pronounce, identify, put words in sentences, change into passive, compare, answer, use, match, etc.’ or any verbs that can be observable and measurable in the classroom. 2- Warm-up: Revise the previous lesson, check homework orally, correct common mistakes, etc. or any other activity that can activate students and prepare them to receive the new material. 3- Presentation: Present the new material using the suitable techniques, write the procedures that you will follow to explain the new material. 4- Practice: It is the work done by the students whether it is controlled, guided, or free. Students answer some exercises based on the material presented. These exercises are often there on the set book. 5- Assessment: Write some sentences on the board or distribute printed papers to see whether the objectives were achieved or not and to check whether students learned or not according to the objectives. If not, you should reteach the lesson using different techniques. 6. Homework/ Assignment: is a set of tasks assigned to students by their teachers to be completed outside the classroom. 47 48 Assignments Assignments are either in-class or take-home tasks to be completed for the next class period. These tasks are important because they help ensure that the instruction provides the students with a goal, the power to get there, and the interest to be engaged in rigorous academic contexts as they acquire content and skills necessary to be able to participate in academic coursework. There are several assignment types so the instructor must decide whether class assignments are whole-class, small groups, workshops, independent work, peer learning, or contractual: Whole-class—the teacher lectures to the class as a whole and has the class collectively participate in classroom discussions. Small groups—students work on assignments in groups of three or four. Independent work: students should complete assignments individually. These assignment categories (e.g., peer learning, independent, small groups) can also be used to guide the instructor’s choice of assessment measures that can provide information about student and class comprehension of the material. 49  Lesson Plan Activity Anansi and pot of wisdom Once upon a time, the king of wisdom ‘Nyame’ gave Anansi the spider an unusual gift. It was a pot which had in it all the wisdom in the world. Nyame also instructed Anansi to share the gift of wisdom with everyone in the world. The pot was filled with amazing skills and ideas. Anansi looked into the pot and learnt something new every day. He was extremely selfish and greedy by nature and hated sharing anything with anyone. He thought, “I want to keep all the wisdom in the pot just for me. I will hide it somewhere and not share it with anyone.” One day, Anansi was looking for a place where he could hide his pot of wisdom. Finally, he decided to hide it at the topmost branch of a very tall tree. He made a strong rope using the vines from the tree. He then used the rope to tie the pot with his body. Anansi placed the pot in front of his stomach and tied it firmly using the rope. He started climbing the tree very slowly but was facing a lot of difficulty. The pot was hanging against his stomach and kept bumping against the tree, hurting him in the process. The young son of Anansi was watching him from the bottom of the tree. After a while, his son suggested, “Father, why don’t you tie the pot at your back? That way it will not bump against the tree, and it will be easier and more comfortable for you to climb up the tree by holding it with your hands.” Anansi followed his son’s suggestion and found out that it was indeed easier to climb the tree this way. Within no time, he reached the top of the tree. But Anansi was extremely angry. “What is the use of owning the pot of wisdom when even a young boy has more common sense than I do?” Anansi thought and dropped the pot of wisdom from the top of the tree. The pot fell to the ground and broke into pieces. The gift of wisdom stored inside the pot started flying in different directions. People of the world found the bits and pieces of wisdom scattered everywhere. And they started picking up some for their friends and families. Thus, until this day, no one person has all the wisdom in the world. And all over the world, people share wisdom by exchanging ideas with one another. 50 Prepare a lesson plan for the passage: Anansi and the pot of wisdom State clearly what you want to teach in this lesson. Objective/aim 1. Apply the steps ‘Before, while, and after reading’. 2. Decide which words students will guess and which words you will teach. 3. Think of a ‘warming up’ activity in order to introduce the lesson. (Before reading) 4. Write two or three questions for ‘skimming’ activity. 5. Think of ‘While reading’ activities. This is the main part of the lesson. 6. How would assess the achievement of your students. (After reading) 7. Use the format of ‘Lesson plan’. Thinking and preparing these points before coming to the class, will save your time and efforts. 51