Science of Learning - EDENG 101/102 - PDF

SCIENCE OF LEARNING EDENG 101/102 LYNOU R. ZACAL, Ph.D. Objective: At the end of the lesson, the students can… discuss the different cognitive principles correctly through class recitation.  The Four Key The Four The Four...

SCIENCE OF LEARNING EDENG 101/102 LYNOU R. ZACAL, Ph.D. Objective: At the end of the lesson, the students can… discuss the different cognitive principles correctly through class recitation.  The Four Key The Four The Four Aspects of Essential Instructional Instructional Facets of Principles (4Is) Design (4Cs) Learning (4Es) Experience Inclusive Context Engage Ideational Connection Explore Integrative Collaboration Experience Innovative Creativity Empathize MATATAG Curriculum Training | 2024 “All human behavior is mediated by the brain and the central nervous system. The process of learning is one of the most important activities of the brain.” Houde, Rossi, Lubin, & Joliot, 2010 MATATAG Curriculum Training | 2024 MATATAG Curriculum Training | 2024 Cognitive Principles Implication to Teaching and Learning Cognitive Principles 1. Learners learn A well-sequenced curriculum is important to ensure new ideas by that students have the prior knowledge they need reference to ideas to master new ideas. they already know. Teachers use analogies because they map a new idea onto one that students already know. But analogies are effective only if teachers elaborate on them, and direct student attention to the crucial similarities between existing knowledge and what is to be learned. This is where the integration of the Instructional Framework in the Science of learning happens. MATATAG Curriculum Training | 2024  Cognitive Implication to Teaching and Learning Cognitive Principles Principles 2. Information is Teachers can assign learners tasks that require often withdrawn explanation (e.g., answering questions about how or from memory just as why something happened) or that require learners to it went in. meaningfully organize material. These tasks focus the learner’s attention on the meaning of course content. Teachers can help learners learn to impose meaning on hard-to-remember content. Stories and mnemonics are particularly effective at helping students do this. This is where Engage and Experience are applied from the IDF particularly the facets or events in the teaching and learning process. MATATAG Curriculum Training | 2024  Cognitive Principles Implication to Teaching and Learning Cognitive 3. Each subject areaPrinciples has Teachers need to teach different sets of facts at some set of facts that, if different ages. For example, the most obvious committed to long-term (and most thoroughly studied) sets of facts are memory, aids problem- math facts and letter-sound pairings in early solving by freeing working elementary grades. memory resources and illuminating contexts in For math, memory is much more reliable than which existing knowledge calculation. Math facts (e.g., 8 x 6 = ?) are and skills can be applied. embedded in other topics (e.g., long division). A child who stops to calculate may make an error or lose track of the larger problem. The advantages of learning to read by phonics are well-established. This recognizes the importance of the 4I’s in the IDF principles. MATATAG Curriculum Training | 2024  Cognitive Principles Implication to Teaching and Learning Cognitive 4. The Principles transfer of knowledge Teachers can ensure that students have or skills to a novel problem sufficient background knowledge to requires both knowledge of appreciate the context of a problem. the problem’s context and a deep understanding of the The product of deliberate practice is that problem’s underlying concepts are built in their long-term memory structure. so that this will serve as learners’ reference once they encounter novel concepts and Metacognition – thinking develop new skills. beyond thinking The power of seven (7) and the need for chunking as this is how our brain works. This is applying integrative, innovative, and even ideational principles as discussed in the IDF. MATATAG Curriculum Training | 2024  Cognitive Implication to Teaching and Learning Cognitive Principles Principles 5. Beliefs about Teachers should know that learners are more motivated intelligence are if they believe that intelligence and ability can be important improved through hard work. predictors of student behavior Teachers can contribute to learners’ beliefs about their in school. ability to improve their intelligence by praising productive learner’s efforts and strategies (and other processes under the learner’s control) rather than their ability. Teachers can prompt students to feel more in control of their learning by encouraging them to set learning goals (i.e., goals for improvement) rather than performance goals (i.e., goals for competence or approval). Allow learners to make mistakes and errors and learn MATATAG Curriculum Training | 2024 REFERENCES: MARAMING SALAMAT! https://learningfocused.com/instruction al-framework-101/ 13 Thank you Continue learning!