LESSON-5-overview-of-Animal-Kingdom.pdf

Overview of Taxonomy: Kingdom Animalia LESSON 5 Prepared by: RB AQUINO  TAXONOMY It is a branch of biology that deals with the classification and naming of all living things. It is the practice of identifying different organisms, classifying them into categ...

Overview of Taxonomy: Kingdom Animalia LESSON 5 Prepared by: RB AQUINO  TAXONOMY It is a branch of biology that deals with the classification and naming of all living things. It is the practice of identifying different organisms, classifying them into categories and naming them with a unique scientific name (Basic Biology, 2019). Father of Taxonomy In the 18th century, the Swedish scientist Carolus Linnaeus developed the modern system of taxonomy and classification. With his invention of the widely- used system of classification, Carolus Linnaeus is considered to be the ‘FATHER OF MODERN TAXONOMY’.  Modern Taxonomy The 10th revision of Systema Naturæ in 1758 marked the official start of modern taxonomy and the first formal biological classification. This book became the standard of contemporary scientists of Linnaeus, not just with classifying organisms but as well as with the standard way of naming them. The Linnaean System of Classification Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Species Genus Family Order  Enumerate the three domains Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya  DOMAINS Archaea Bacteria Eukarya KINGDOMS Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Animalia Plantae Prokaryotes (lack-membrane bound Eukaryotes; Eukaryotes; Prokaryotes; organelles); mainly unicellular multicellular; unicellular; most Eukaryotes; most Eukaryotes; unicellular; or simple heterotrophic; are heterotrophic multicellular; multicellular; microscopic; multicellular; may most move about (obtain food by heterotrophic; photosynthetic; most live in be heterotrophic by muscular consuming other absorb nutrients; life cycle with extreme or contraction; organisms), but do not alternation of environments; photosynthetic; nervous system some are photosynthesize; generations; cell differ in include protozoa, coordinates photosynthetic or cell walls of chitin walls of cellulose biochemistry and algae, and slime responses to chemosynthetic in cell wall molds stimuli structure from bacteria Binomial Nomenclature o The word nomenclature is derived from to Latin words nomen, which means “name” and clare, means to call. o It is a two-part name: the first word designates the genus to which the organism is assigned, and the second word is the species name or specific name, that is, a descriptive word that characterizes the organism.  Rules in Writing Scientific Names 1. If handwritten, it should be underlined or if type written, it should be italicized. (Example: scientific name of man: Homo sapiens) 2. The genus is always capitalized and the species is usually not.  Enumerate the three domains Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya KINGDOM ANIMALIA  Kingdom Animalia ◈ also known as Metazoa, is a kingdom which includes all animals ◈ regarded as the kingdom with the most number of species ◈ animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms which are heterotrophic (defined as an organism that cannot manufacture its own food by carbon fixation and therefore derives its intake of nutrition from other sources of organic carbon, mainly plant or animal matter) ◈ most animals are capable of complex behavioral responses and rapid movement  Two major division of Animals Vertebrates & Invertebrates  Invertebrates characterized by neither the possession nor development of a vertebral column or a backbone recognized as the largest group present in the Animal Kingdom: 97% of animal species are all invertebrates (the total number of invertebrate species is hypothesized to be approximately around 5 million to 30 million)  Invertebrates invertebrates are considered to be successful organisms due to their rapid capacity to reproduce they are classified based upon their body structure, life cycle, and evolutionary history  Vertebrates also called Craniata, are members of the subphylum Vertebrata, under the Phylum Chordata of the Kingdom Animalia comprise all species of animals that have a spinal cord surrounded by either cartilage or bone; the word is derived from the vertebrae, which is the set of bones that make up the spine  Vertebrates characterized by a muscular system consisting primarily of bilaterally paired masses and a central nervous system partly enclosed within the backbone there are approximately 40,000 identified species of vertebrates  CHONDRICHTHYES cartilaginous fish skeletal system is composed of cartilage AMPHIBIANS ◈IT MEANS “DOUBLE LIFE” QUESTIONS? GOOD DAY!