Psychological Perspective of the Self PDF

Psychological Perspective of the Self Prepared by: Ms. Abigael Pedellume, RPm Learning Outcomes Identify the different concepts and idea of Psychology about the Self. Determine the effects of various factors identified in Psychology in the formation of the self. Create your own definitio...

Psychological Perspective of the Self Prepared by: Ms. Abigael Pedellume, RPm Learning Outcomes Identify the different concepts and idea of Psychology about the Self. Determine the effects of various factors identified in Psychology in the formation of the self. Create your own definition of the self based on the view of Psychology. What akes ou who o are?  The Psychological Perspective Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Self by definition is a reference by an individual to the same individual person. The psychology of studying self is about either the cognitive and affective representation of one's identity or the subject of experience.  William James Father of American Psychology Proponent of Functionalism His document The Principles of Psychology (1890) provided a numerous concepts and distinction of self. James theorized the components of the self, which he divided into two categories: “Me” and “I.”  William James: 2 Aspects of Self I-Self Me-Self The Self-owner or The Phenomenal Self/Empirical Self-knower Self Refers to the self that knows The experienced self or the self who he/she is as known. Thinking, feeling and acting It refers to describing the self person’s personal experiences Also called the Pure Ego and further divided into 3 constituents: Material Self, Social Self, Spiritual Self  William James 3 Constituents of the Me-Self Material Self - Constituted by our bodies, clothes, immediate family, home and other possessions that one values and regards as one’s own. - We attached more deeply into these things and therefore we are most affected by because of the investment we give to these things. Social Self - Based on our interactions with society and the reaction of people towards us. - Thought to have multiple divergence or different version of ourselves. - It varies as to how we present ourselves to a particular social group. Spiritual Self - Inner self or psychological self, subjective being - Self-perceived abilities, attitudes, emotions, interests, values, motives, opinions and traits. “A man's Self is the sum total of all that he can call his, not only his body and his psychic powers, but his clothes and his house.” - William James  David Lester Multiple versus Unified Self The construction of multiple selves varies across different roles and relationships. Coping with different selves constitutes a formidable task among adolescents. It is important that adolescents are supported in their effort to create a consistent, coherent, or unified theory of self.  Donald Winnicott The self is composed of True Self and False Self. True Self, as rooted from early infancy is called the simple being; based on the spontaneous authentic and feeling of being alive (real-self). False Self, is our defense facade; overlying or contradicting the original self.  Donald Winnicott The function of the false self is Appreciate your qualities. Do not compare to hide and yourself with others. Speak to yourself kindly. Accept your emotions and know how to protect the express them. Look for challenge and true self adventure. Live in the present moment.  Carl Rogers Believed in the inherent goodness of people. He emphasized the importance of free will and psychological growth. Person-centered therapy - It is a non-directive intervention because it believes that all people have the potential to solve their own problems.  Carl Rogers Human beings are always striving for self-fulfillment or self-actualization. Rogers believe that people must be fully honest with themselves in order to have personal discovery on oneself. He proposed the Self-concept Self-concept Refers to the image of oneself Defined the self as flexible and changing perception of personal identity.  The ideal self is the self we would like to be. Real Self The way we see ourselves. Self-esteem is the value It includes what we know about we place upon ourselves. ourselves physically, our social Self-worth roles, and our personality traits.  Real Self Ideal Self (Self-image) It’s the self that feels most true This is the person who we to what and who we really are would like to be How we think, feel, and look. It is dynamic and forever An individual would have lived changing in an environment of An idealized version of unconditional positive regard. yourself Real self should be congruent to ideal self to achieve self-realization. Congruence - the real self is closer to ideal self. Incongruence - Feelings are not aligned with the action.  Albert Bandura The Self as Proactive and Agentic Social Cognitive Theory - takes an agentic perspective -- it views people as agents (producers) of experience and not just reactive. - Suggests that human have the capability to act and make things happen.  Albert Bandura: 4 Core Features of Human Agency 1. Intentionality - Acts a person performs intentionally. - Enables us to behave with purpose.  Albert Bandura: 4 Core Features of Human Agency 2. Forethought - Allows us to anticipate likely outcomes, actions, and to select behaviors that will produce desired outcomes and avoid undesirable ones.  Albert Bandura: 4 Core Features of Human Agency 3. Self-reactiveness - We can be motivated to regulate our actions. - We do not only make choices, but we also monitor our progress toward fulfilling those choices.  Albert Bandura: 4 Core Features of Human Agency 4. Self-reflectiveness - We can examine our own functioning. - We can think about and evaluate our motivations, behaviors, values and the meanings of our life goals and make needed modifications.  Carl Jung He believed on the Self as the Central Archetype. Archetypes are universal, inborn models of people, behaviors, or personalities that play a role in influencing human behavior. - When a current experience corresponds to the latent primordial image, the archetype is activated.  Carl Jung: Personality Archetypes 1. Persona - The personality that people show to the world. - One’s social roles.  Carl Jung: Personality Archetypes 2. Shadow - One’s dark shadow. - Represents the qualities we do not wish to acknowledge. - We must continually strive to know our shadow.  Carl Jung: Personality Archetypes 3. Anima - Represents the feminine component in the personality of men. - Anima influences the feeling side in man and is the explanation for certain irrational moods and feelings.  Carl Jung: Personality Archetypes 4. Animus - Represents the musculine component in the personality of women. - Jung believed this is explanation for the irrational thinking and illogical opinions often attributed to women.  Carl Jung: Personality Archetypes 5. Self - Archetype of archetypes. - Central archetype that represents wholeness. - It pulls together and unite other archetypes. Questions? Thank you!