Lesson 3_Web and the Internet.pdf

WEB and the INTERNET LESSON OBJECTIVES After successful completion of this lesson, the student can be: ✓ Differentiate Web and the Internet ✓ Explore the evolution of the internet. ✓ Identify and analyze various emerging technologies. ✓ Identify and understand the d...

WEB and the INTERNET LESSON OBJECTIVES After successful completion of this lesson, the student can be: ✓ Differentiate Web and the Internet ✓ Explore the evolution of the internet. ✓ Identify and analyze various emerging technologies. ✓ Identify and understand the different uses of internet in today’s generation. ✓ Discuss the fundamental terms and definitions used in the internet TOPIC OUTLINE ✓ The Web and the various versions of web ✓ Type of Websites ✓ The Brief History of Internet ✓ Components of Internet ✓ Uses of Internet ✓ Benefits of Internet  ✓ Disadvantages of Internet Web and the Internet… Web and the Internet are two things that works hand-in-hand to allow the exchange of information globally, a web is simply a subset of internet What is Web? What is Internet? ✓an interconnected system of public https://www.istockphoto.co webpages accessible m/photos/boy-thinking through the Internet. ✓the “Net" is a worldwide system of ✓The World Wide Web computer network ✓The “information superhighway”  OVERVIEW In today era, everybody turns to internet in their everyday activities. To search for an answer of things around us the internet is there for us to assist and help what we are looking for. Basically, internet is just a global interconnection of computers that are link to one another. Which such technology, people are able to communicate, access and search anywhere as long as it is connected in the net.. Internet is also defined as an information superhighway, to access information over the web. However, it can be defined in many ways, internet is a world-wide global system of interconnected computer networks. But we net to understand that Internet and World Wide Web (WWW) are of different things but we sometimes used it interchangeably. PART 1: THE WEB Where the Web was born?  Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist, invented the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989, while working at CERN. The Web was originally conceived and developed to meet the demand for automated information-sharing between scientists in universities and institutes around the world. CERN is not an isolated laboratory, but rather the focal point for an extensive community that includes more than 17 000 scientists from over 100 countries. Although they typically spend some time on the CERN site, the scientists usually work at universities and national laboratories in their home countries. Reliable communication tools are therefore essential. The name CERN is derived from the acronym for the French "Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire", or European Council for Nuclear Research, a provisional body founded in 1952 with the mandate of establishing a world-class fundamental physics research organization in Europe PART 1: THE WEB Where the Web was born? The basic idea of the WWW was to merge the evolving technologies of computers, data networks and hypertext into a powerful and easy to use global information system. Tim Berners-Lee proposed the architecture of what became known as the World Wide Web. He created the first web server, web browser, and webpage on his computer at the CERN physics research lab in 1990. In 1991, he announced his creation on the alt.hypertext newsgroup, marking https://worldkings.org/news/world-almanac-event-academy/worldkings on-this-day-september-29-2018-the-convention-establishing-cern-the the moment the Web was first made european-organization-for-nuclear-research-is-signed-in-1954 public.  PART 1: THE WEB Where the Web was born? The system we know today as "the Web" consists of several components: ✓ The HTTP protocol governs data transfer between a server and a client. ✓ To access a Web component, a client supplies a unique universal identifier, called a URL (uniform resource locator) or URI (uniform resource identifier) language) is the most common (formally called Universal Document format for publishing web https://fullform.blog/internet/http-full-form/ Identifier, UDI)). ✓ HTML (hypertext markup  https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/u/url.htm documents. PART 1: THE WEB Where the Web was born? Linking, or connecting resources through hyperlinks, is a defining concept of the Web, aiding its identity as a collection of connected documents. Soon after inventing the Web, Tim Berners Lee founded the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) to standardize and develop  the Web further. This consortium consists of core Web interest groups, such as web browser developers, government entities, researchers, and universities. Its outreach. mission includes education and https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/601512093958906801/ DEFINITION Various Definition of Web (World Wide Web) ✓ is simply known as "web" it consists of all the public web sites connected to the Internet worldwide ✓ consists of information organized into Web pages containing text and graphic images. ✓ web is larger collection of interconnected documents or content. It contains hypertext links, or highlighted keywords and images that lead to related information  ✓ refers to all the public websites or pages that users can access on their local computers and other devices through the internet. These pages and documents are interconnected by means of hyperlinks that users click on for information. https://www.alamy.com/stock photo/the-world-wide-web.html PART 1: THE WEB Various Definition of Web (World Wide Web) ✓ commonly referred to as WWW, W3, or the Web is an interconnected system of public webpages accessible through the internet. The Web is not the same as the Internet: the Web is one of many applications built on top of the Internet. ✓ one of many applications of the Internet. ✓ It follows only one protocol called the HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer  Protocol). ✓ A collection of linked Web pages that has a common theme or focus is called a Web site. ✓ The main page that all of the pages on a particular Web site are organized around and link back to is called the site’s home page WEB VERSIONS 1. WEB 1.0 (Read - Only Static Web) ✓ It is an old internet that only allows people to read from the internet. First stage worldwide linking web pages and hyperlink. Web is use as “information portal”. It uses table to positions and align elements on page. Most read only web. It focused on company’s home pages. Dividing the world wide web into usable directories It means web is use as “Information Portal” It started with the simple idea “put content together”  Example of Web 1.0 Mp3.com Home Page Directories Page Views HTML/Portal Disadvantages Read only web Limited user interaction Lack of standards https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/File:Web_1.0_elements.png WEB VERSIONS 2. WEB 2.0 (Read – Write Interactive Web) ✓ A term used to describe a new generation of Web services and applications with an increasing emphasis on human collaboration. It is a platform that gives users the possibility (liberty) to control their data This is about user-generated content and the read-write web People are consuming and contributing information through blogs or sites Allows the user to interact with the page known as DYNAMIC PAGE; instead of just reading a page, the user may be able to comment or create a user account. Dynamic page refers to the web pages that are affected by user input or preference. Is focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share information online via social media, blogging and Web-based communities http://ahmadfaizar.blogspot.com/p/evolution-of-web web-10-web-20-web-30.html  2. WEB 2.0 (Read – Write Interactive Web Example of Web 2.0 are the following: A. Social Networking - is the use of Internet-based social media sites to stay connected with friends, family, colleagues, customers, or clients. Social networking can have a social purpose, a business purpose, or both, through sites such as Example: Pinterest Page LinkedIn Facebook Google+ Twitter Instagram Tumblr B. Blogs - is a discussion or informational website published on the world wide web consisting of discrete, often informal diary-style text entries (posts). Posts are typically displayed in reverse chronological order, so that the most recent post appears first, at the top of the web page Example:  Wordpress Blogger Tumblr 2. WEB 2.0 (Read – Write Interactive Web Example of Web 2.0 are the following: C. Wikis - is a hypertext publication collaboratively edited and managed by its own audience directly using a web browser. A typical wiki contains multiple pages for the subjects or scope of the project and may be either open to the public or limited to use within an organization for maintaining its internal knowledge base Example: Wiktionary Wikivoyage Wikispecies Wikipedia Wikiversity Wikiquote Wikidata MediaWiki Wikibooks Commons Wikinews D. Video Sharing Sites - a website that lets people upload and share their video clips with the public at large or to invited guests Example: Youtube LinkedIn LinkedIn Facebook Flickr Photobucket Flickr  Twitter Veoh Dailymotion Myspace.com VimeoPRO Metacafe 2. WEB 2.0 (Read – Write Interactive Web Key Features of Web 2.0 : ✓ Folksonomy – allows users to categorize and classify/arrange information using freely chosen keywords (e.g. tagging). ✓ Rich User Interface – content is dynamic and is responsive to user’s input. An example would be a website that shows local content. ✓ User Participation – the owner of website is not the only one who is able to put content. Others are able to place a content on their own by means of comments, reviews, and evaluation. ✓ Long Tail – services are offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase. This is synonymous to subscribing to a data plan that charges you for the amount of time you spent on Internet or a data plan that  charges you for the amount of bandwidth you used. What Web 2.0 example is this…. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File :WordPress_logo.svg https://socialnetworking.lovetoknow.co m/What_Types_of_Social_Networks_E xist https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/handsome https://www.fiverr.com/bslstudio/upload-your-video-to-the-best man-records-video-blog-vector-16364958 20-video-sharing-sites-with-seo-optimized-keywords https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/tech/what-is-wikipedia  https://www.pngegg.com/en/png-ogtbe https://logodix.com/logos/563277 WEB VERSIONS 3. WEB 3.0 (Read – Intelligent Web ✓ Suggested name by John Markoff of the New York Times for the third generation of the web. ✓ In this generation, all the application on web or mobile will be upgraded with more features. It applies same principles as Web 2.0: two-way interaction. ✓ Web 3.0 will be more connected, open, and intelligent, with semantic web technologies, distributed databases, natural language processing, machine learning, machine reasoning and autonomous agents. ✓ Semantic Web - provides a framework that allows data to be shared and reuse to deliver web content specifically targeting the user. ✓ It is a web of data, it makes objects talk to each other, ✓ Changing the web into a language that can be read and categorized by the system rather than humans. http://ahmadfaizar.blogspot.com/p/evolution-of-web web-10-web-20-web-30.html TYPES OF WEBSITES ECommerce Website - is a website people can directly buy products from. you’ve probably used a number of ECommerce websites before, mostly for big brands and plenty of smaller ones. Ecommerce or electronic commerce refers to a business model that involves sales transactions being done on the web. Business Website - is any website that’s devoted to representing a specific business. It generally serves as a space to provide general information about your company or a direct platform for e-commerce Entertainment Website - is a website that focuses on creating high quality content that is entertaining for the target audience. It could be anything from information pieces and news to videos, films to blog posts, or even films. Media Website - collect news stories or other reporting. There’s some overlap here with entertainment websites, but media websites are more likely to include reported pieces in addition to or instead of content meant purely for entertainment. TYPES OF WEBSITES Portfolio Website - are sites devoted for showing examples of past work. Service providers who want to show potential clients the quality of the work they provide can use a portfolio website to collect some of the best samples of past work they’ve done. It is an online representation of work you have created, as well as your skills and experiences. It could be a website, blog, or even a video channel. Infopreneur Website - essentially informational websites that additionally serve as a sales portal to information-based products or services. They represent a unique type of online business. Infopreneurs create and sell information products. That could be in the form of courses, tutorials, videos or eBooks Brochure Website - is an informational website that is designed to look and feel like a printed brochure. It contains compelling text and images that advertise a company's products or services, and typically ranges from one to five pages. TYPES OF WEBSITES Nonprofit Website - A nonprofit website is the easiest way for many potential donors to make donations and will be the first place many people look to learn more about a nonprofit and determine if they want to support it. It don't aim to sell products or services to their visitors, but they still need to convince people to support their cause. Websites are one of the primary ways the charity organizations connect with their potential patron. Educational Website - websites that have games, videos or topic related resources that act as tools to enhance learning and supplement classroom teaching. These websites help make the process of learning entertaining and attractive to the student, especially in today's age. Personal Website – websites created by an individual to contain content of a personal nature rather than content pertaining to a company. This category includes personal blogs, vlogs, and photo diaries people share with the world TYPES OF WEBSITES Web Portal - are often websites designed for internal purposes at a business, organization, or institution. They collect information in different formats from different sources into one place to make all relevant information accessible to the people who need to see it. - it is a specially designed website that often serves as the single point of access for information. It can also be considered a library of personalized and categorized content. Wiki or Community Forum Website - A wiki is any website where various users are able to collaborate on content and all make their own tweaks and changes as they see fit. There are wikis for fan communities, for business resources, and for collecting valuable information sources - a website that allows collaborative editing of its content and structure by its users. PART 2: THE INTERNET The Internet or “net” (network of networks) is the largest computer network in the world that connects billions of computer user. The word internet comes from combination between “interconnection” and “network”. Network is a collection of computers and devices connected via communication channels and transmission media allow to share resources (hardware, software, data, information). Generally, https://rantererung.id/internet/ nobody owns the internet. HISTORY OF INTERNET ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency) - January 2, 1969 – started an experimental computer network. Concept of No Server, but equal importance/participation to every computer in the network. Even if, one or two node destroyed that will now affect the network. In 1982 the word internet started. 1986 – First “ free net” created in Case Western Reserve University 1991: US government allowed business agencies to connect to internet. Now all people can connect to the internet and improve their life and work quality. The internet support various aspects in our life. Vinton Gray Cerf ForMemRS is an American Internet pioneer and is recognized as one of "the fathers of the Internet", sharing this title with TCP/IP co developer Bob Kahn HISTORY OF INTERNET The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide system of computer networks, a network of networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get information from any other computer (and sometimes talk directly to users at other computers). It was conceived by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. government in 1969 and was first known as the ARPANET. The original aim was to create a network that would allow users of a research computer at one university to "talk to" research computers at other universities. A side benefit of ARPANet's design was that, because messages could be routed or rerouted in more than one direction, the network could continue to function even if parts of it were destroyed in the event of a military attack or other disaster. Today, the Internet is a public, cooperative and self-sustaining facility accessible to hundreds of millions of people worldwide. It is used by many as the primary source of information consumption, and fueled the creation and growth of its own social ecosystem through social media and content sharing. Furthermore, e-commerce, or online shopping, has become one of the largest uses of the Internet. BRIEF HISTORY OF INTERNET Various Definition of Internet ✓ the Internet, is also called "the Net," it is a worldwide system of computer networks ✓ a network of networks in which any users can get information from any other computer provided it is for public domain. ✓ It was conceived by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. government in 1969 and was first known as the ARPANet. ✓ The original aim was to create a network that would allow user from a research computer at one university to "talk to" research computers to other universities. ✓ a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols. BENEFITS OF INTERNET ✓ Availability (Operates 24 hours, 7 days a week) ✓ Vast Range of Information (almost limitless access of information around the world) ✓ Up-to-date and Immediate Distribution of Information (easy to update various news and information) ✓ Easy to Connect People (able to contact people at any time, via email, chat rooms, video conferencing, social media) ✓ Access to other Culture (can view and learn various cultures via blogs, pictures etc.) ✓ On-line Activities (that may include online shopping, chatting, gaming, listening and viewing  Online Booking Look for information USES OF INTERNET School works, jobs, and home Cashless Transactions purposes Online Banking & Send and receive electronic Trading Web Browsing mail Electronic Mail Video teleconferencing (video Job Search call, video chat) Financial transactions Advertising Buy and sell product Download music and Education Social networking movies Business Watch & post videos Social Networking Banking Games Communication Take college courses Entertainment Research Finance & Monitor home while away E-Commerce File Accounting Transfer Bill Payment  Top 9 USES OF INTERNET Electronic Mail (email) The first major use of the internet is Email. People used to email for sharing information, data files, Photos, Videos, Business communications, and more. This has enabled faster communication between people and improved business efficiency. An email has reduced paper usage and the load on physical mail systems. Top 9 USES OF INTERNET FTP File Transfer This is the second major use case for the internet in the early days. FTP is the file transfer protocol that enables data exchange between two stakeholders over internet media in a secure way. The data exchange may occur between two business entities or customers with business and vice versa. Usually, E-mail restricts the size of a file that can be shared, and it is not secure to share sensitive and confidential data across public networks. FTP concept is still in use in mobile apps for file downloading. Social Networking Internet connects people online and enables them to form social groups. Information, Ideas, views, and opinions on social/political issues are exchanged. Political and social organization uses this platform to promote their interest among the public. Search Engines These engines locate the information one seeks, available on whichever server across the globe (world wide web). Google, Yahoo, and MSN are renowned search engines today. One can search for anything on this site, and the search question can be in any format. People have started using the word Google as a generic verb synonymous with search. Top 9 USES OF INTERNET E-Commerce The Internet enables the selling of goods and services in online mode. Many e-commerce platform vendors like Amazon and Ola aggregate several products/services available in the market and sell them through their portal to customers. Products are procured by platform vendors, stored in their warehouses, packed, and distributed by them in their brand. Customers get a good discount and don’t have to visit physical stores. Search Engines These engines locate the information one seeks, available on whichever server across the globe (world wide web). Google, Yahoo, and MSN are renowned search engines today. One can search for anything on this site, and the search question can be in any format. People have started using the word Google as a generic verb synonymous with search. Cashless Transactions Bill Payment at merchandise outlets through debit cards and credit cards is increasing. Cash circulation gets reduced in the system to the extent of the growth of these transactions. It’s growing by more than 50% yearly and is expected to grow by 10 times over the next 5 years. Top 9 USES OF INTERNET Education The Internet offers a wealth of educational material on any subject with structured navigation and search facilities. One can seek any reading material, and the internet will get it for them from any server in any part of the world, and people need not have to go to libraries to go through books. Those who cannot attend physical (face-to-face) classes can take an online course where they get connected to the teacher, in the other part of the world, in video mode and get taught on the subject backed up by other audiovisual tools.. Collaboration Online chat tools like messenger, Skype, and other video conferencing tools help people to get connected 24 x7 and have hassle-free business and personal discussions. This avoids unwanted travel by people and saves their time for productive use. The Internet has also facilitated work from home with seamless connectivity to the office and avoiding daily commuting. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES  Advantages of Internet Disadvantages of Internet Research Anything Be Addictive Connect with People Lack Of Sleep Shop Online Eliminates Privacy Up-to-Date News Fake Information Work from Home Dependence On The Internet Online Advertisement Information Can Be Leaked Find Any Location Cyberbullying Online Banking Problems With Concentration Entertainment Increased Insecurity About Image Virtual Reality Online Games Lose Track Of Reality MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE INTERNET 1. Servers – is a computer program that provides service to another computer program and it’s user Types of Servers  ✓ Application Server – a program in computer that provides the business logic for an application program. ✓ Web Server – a computer program that serves requested HTML pages or files. ✓ Proxy Server – is a software that acts as an intermediary between an endpoint device, such as computer and another server from which a user is requesting. ✓ Mail Server – is an application that receives incoming e-mail from local users and remote senders and forward outgoing e-mail for delivery ✓ File Server – is a computer responsible for central storage and management of data files so that other computer on the same network can access them. ✓ Policy Server – is a security component of a policy, based network that provides authorization services and facilities tracking and control of files. MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE INTERNET 2. IP Address (Internet Protocol) – is a numerical label assigned to each device. This provides identity to a network device. IP V4 - consist of 32 bits  - written in decimal, referred to as the dotted-decimal format. - formatted as four 8-bit fields that are separated by periods. - made of Network Part (Address) and Host Part (Address) - 129.144.50.56 IP V6 - consist of 126 bits - written using hexadecimal - made of 8 groups or blocks separated by a : (colon) - 1st - 48 bits for Global Unicast Address, the 16 its for Subnet ID and l64 bits for Interface ID - 2001:0:9d38:6ab8:1c48:3a1c:a95a:b1c2 MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE INTERNET 3. Browser – is an application program that provides a way to look information on the web. Example of browsers: Google chrome, safari, internet explorer, opera, Mozilla Example of browsers: Google chrome safari internet  explorer opera Mozilla 4. Domain Name System (DNS) – is the phonebook of internet. We access information online through domain names. Example of DNS: www.facebook.com www.plp.edu.ph www.academia.ed MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE INTERNET 5. Internet Service Provide (ISP) – is an organization that provides services for accessing, using or participating in the internet. Two types of ISP: National ISP – provided internet access to a specific geographic area  Regional ISP – business that provides internet access in cities and towns nationwide Example of ISP: Sky Broadband PLDT Converge INTERNET TERMS AND DEFINITION ✓ Internet - A global network of thousands of computer networks linked by data lines and wireless systems. ✓ Web – a collection of billions of webpages that you can view with a web browser ✓ Email – the most common method of sending and receiving messages online ✓ Social Media – websites and apps that allow people to share comments, photos,  and videos ✓ Online Gaming – games that allow people to play with and against each other over the Internet ✓ Software Updates – operating system and application updates can typically downloaded from the Internet INTERNET TERMS AND DEFINITION ✓ HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) - is a coding language used to tell a browser how to place pictures, text, multimedia and links to create a web page. When a user clicks on a link within a web page, that link, which is coded with HTML, links the user to a specific linked web page. ✓ URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - is a web address used to connect to a remote resource on the world wide web. ✓ Bit - is a single digit in the binary numbering system (base 2). For example: 1 is a bit or 0 is a bit. ✓ Byte – is made up of consecutive bits, generally consists of eight bits. ✓ Upload - to upload is to transfer data from your computer to another computer. ✓ Download - to download is to transfer data from another computer to your compute INTERNET TERMS AND DEFINITION ✓ HTTP - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the data communication standard of web pages. When a web page has this prefix, the links, text, and pictures should work correctly in a web browser. ✓ HTTPS - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. This indicates that the web page has a special layer of encryption added to hide your personal information and passwords from others. ✓ Router or router-modem - combination is the hardware device that acts as the traffic cop for network signals arriving at your home or business from your ISP. A router can be wired or wireless or both. ✓ Encryption - is the mathematical scrambling of data so that it is hidden from eavesdroppers. Encryption uses complex math formulas to turn private data into meaningless gobbledygook that only trusted readers can unscramble. INTERNET TERMS AND DEFINITION ✓ Web Bot - A term that applies to programs/applets (macros and intelligent agents) used on the Internet. Such bots perform a repetitive function, such as posting messages to multiple newsgroups or doing searches for information. ✓ Search Engine - specialized software, such as Google and Yahoo, that lets www browser users search for information on the web by using keywords, phrases ✓ Browser - A Web browser such as mozilla firefox, Microsoft edge, internet explorer, chrome etc, is a client program that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to make requests of Web servers throughout the Internet on behalf of the browser user. ✓ Chatroom - a site on the internet, or another computer network, where users have group discussions by electronic mail, typically about one subject ✓ Cookie - a piece of data downloaded to a computer by a website, containing details of the preferences of that computer's user which identify the user when revisiting that website INTERNET TERMS AND DEFINITION ✓ Bookmark - an address for a website stored on a computer so that the user can easily return to the site ✓ Domain Name - a unique name, corresponding to one or more numeric IP addresses, used to identify a particular web page or set of web pages on the internet ✓ eBay - a website that people and companies can use to buy or sell goods; items may be bought for a fixed price, or sold to the buyer who offers the highest price ✓ Generation C - the people who create and publish material such as blogs, podcasts, videos, etc, on the internet ✓ Home page - (on a website) the main document relating to an individual or institution that provides introductory information about a website with links to the actual details of services or information provided THANK Sir Alberto A. Hobrero YOU! LIVING IN THE IT ERA (GEE001)