LESSON 3 - SYSTEM UNIT COMPONENTS.pdf

LESSON 3: SYSTEM UNIT COMPONENTS INSTRUCTOR : MS. ODETTE MAE SANTOS SYSTEM UNIT CC 101 | 2024  WHAT IS A SYSTEM UNIT ? is a case containing all the main parts of a computer. The system unit, also known as a "tower" or "chassis," is the main part of a desktop compute...

LESSON 3: SYSTEM UNIT COMPONENTS INSTRUCTOR : MS. ODETTE MAE SANTOS SYSTEM UNIT CC 101 | 2024  WHAT IS A SYSTEM UNIT ? is a case containing all the main parts of a computer. The system unit, also known as a "tower" or "chassis," is the main part of a desktop computer. CC 101 | 2024 SYSTEM UNIT CC 101 | 2024 COMPONENTS OF A SYSTEM UNIT CC 101 | 2024  1.MOTHERBOARD, CALLED SYSTEM BOARD It is a main circuit board of the system unit. Many electronic components attach to the motherboard, others are built into it. CC 101 | 2024  1I. PROCESSOR Also called the Central Processing Unit(CPU), interprets and carries out thebasic instructions that operate acomputer. Impacts overall computing power and manages most of the computer’s operations. CC 101 | 2024  1I. PROCESSOR Central Processing Unit (CPU) The operations typically performed by a CPU are: CPUs control the reading of programs and input files. CPUs process data according to instructions in a program. CPUs control the creation of output. CC 101 | 2024  1I. PROCESSOR Central Processing Unit (CPU) Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) Control Unit: Component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer. Arithmetic Logic Unit: Component of theprocessor that performs arithmetic,comparison, and other operations. CC 101 | 2024  1I. PROCESSOR Central Processing Unit (CPU) CC 101 | 2024  1I. PROCESSOR Registers The CPU contain special storage areas called registers. Their function is to hold instructions, data values, memory addresses of both the instructions and data. CC 101 | 2024  1I. PROCESSOR Registers There are 4 basic types of it: Instruction register hold instruction Address register hold address of( data , next instruction ). Storage register store data retrieved from main memory prior to processing. Accumulator store the results of arithmetic & logic operations CC 101 | 2024  1I. PROCESSOR The System Clock Every CPU has a clock, It’s a small quartz crystal circuit , which generates regular clock pulses that control the timing of all computer operations. Processing actions occur at each “tick” of the electronic clock. The Speed of the clock determines the speed at which the CPU can process data. CC 101 | 2024  1I. PROCESSOR Comparison of Personal Computer Processors The leading processor chip manufacturers for personal computers are: Intel (used in PCs) AMD ( advanced Micro Devices) (used in PCs) Motorola ( used in Apple) Alpha (used in workstations and high-end servers) CC 101 | 2024  1I. PROCESSOR How the CPU represents data Binary system based on two digits 0 and 1. 0 : off 1 : on CC 101 | 2024  1I. PROCESSOR How the CPU represents data The different combinations of 0s and 1s are defined by patterns called a coding schema. CC 101 | 2024  1I. PROCESSOR How the CPU represents data There are two popular coding scheme: ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. EBCDIC stand for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code. CC 101 | 2024  III. MEMORY Memory consist of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processed data ( information). Memory usually consist of one or more chips on the motherboard. CC 101 | 2024  III. MEMORY Memory stores 3 basic categories of items: The operations Application programs The data being processed by the application programs and resulting information. CC 101 | 2024  III. MEMORY Memory Sizes It’s the number of bytes the chip or devices has available for storage. CC 101 | 2024  IV. EXPANSION SLOT AND ADAPTER CARDS Expansion Slot is a socket on the motherboard that can hold an adapter card CC 101 | 2024  IV. EXPANSION SLOT AND ADAPTER CARDS Adapter Card sometimes called an expansion card, is a circuit board that enhances functions of a component of the system unit and/or provides connections to peripherals. CC 101 | 2024  IV. EXPANSION SLOT AND ADAPTER CARDS Peripheral is a device that connects to a system unit and is controlled by the processor. CC 101 | 2024  IV. EXPANSION SLOT AND ADAPTER CARDS Types of Adapter Cards CC 101 | 2024  V. PORTS AND CONNECTORS Port is the point at which a peripheral attaches to or communicates with a system unit so the peripheral can send data to or receive information from the computer. The term jack sometimes is used to identify audio and video ports. Port have a different types of connectors, A connectors joins a cable to a peripheral. CC 101 | 2024  V. PORTS AND CONNECTORS Serial Ports is a type of interface that connects a device to the system unit by transmitting data one bit at a time. CC 101 | 2024  V. PORTS AND CONNECTORS Parallel Ports is a type of interface that connects a device to the system unit by transmitting data one bit at a time. CC 101 | 2024  V. PORTS AND CONNECTORS USB Ports Can connect up to 127 different peripherals together with a single connector. CC 101 | 2024  V. PORTS AND CONNECTORS USB Hub is a device that plugs in a USB port on the system& contains multiple USB ports. CC 101 | 2024 V. PORTS AND CONNECTORS CC 101 | 2024  VI. BUSES It is a set of electronic signal pathways that allows information and signals to travel between components inside or outside of a computer. CC 101 | 2024  VII. DRIVE BAYS A bay is an opening inside the system unitin which you can install additionalequipment. A drive bay is a rectangular opening that typically holds disk drives. An external bay allows a user to accessopenings in the bay from outside thesystem unit, like optical disc drives. CC 101 | 2024  VIII. POWER SUPPLY Is a component of the system unit that supply computer with power. The component of the system unit that converts the wall outlet AC power into DC power, which the computer can use. CC 101 | 2024 CC 101 | 2024