Geologic Processes and Hazards Lesson 3 PDF

Unit 1 Lesson 3 Geologic Processes and Hazards  pretest Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer. USE CAPITAL LETTERS ONLY. 1. What is a potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity that may cause the loss of li...

Unit 1 Lesson 3 Geologic Processes and Hazards  pretest Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer. USE CAPITAL LETTERS ONLY. 1. What is a potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation? A. Eutrophication B. Geologic hazard C. Landslide D. Poisonous gases 2. Which of the following describes the vibration of the ground during an earthquake? A. Ground shaking B. Ground C. Liquefaction D. Tsunami 3. What do you call the hazard where giant waves move at speeds of up to 500 miles an hour and reach heights of hundreds of feet? A. Ground shaking B. Landslide C. Liquefaction D. Tsunami 4. What is the process during earthquake shaking where sand and silt grains in wet soil are rearranged and the water in the spaces between the grains are squeezed? A. Ground shaking B. Landslide C. Liquefaction D. Tsunami 5. What refers to the sliding down of a mass of earth or rock from a mountain or cliff? A. Ground shaking B. Landslide C. Liquefaction D. Tsunami 6. What natural hazard is involved when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault causing tectonic movement? A. Cyclone B. Earthquake C. Hurricane D. Volcanic eruption 7. What occurs when large amount of water quickly overflows a boundary? A. flash flood B. regular flood C. landslide D. tsunami 8. A natural physical process becomes a natural hazard when the process becomes ____. A. scary B. dormant and inactive C. faster than usual D. extreme and unpredictable 9. Which statement is true of earthquakes? A. All of them can be prevented. B. Weak ones can be prevented. C. Some of them can be prevented. D. None of them can be prevented. 10. What specific region of the world is characterized by the presence of active volcanoes, tsunamis, and earthquakes? A. the ring of fire B. the Eastern Europe C. Northern and South Pole D. Western Europe 1. B 6. B 2. A 7. A 3. D 8. D 4. C 9. D 5. B 10.A Lesson 3: Geologic Processes Geology is the study of the Earth and its history. It involves studying the materials that make up the earth, the features and structures found on Earth, as well as the processes that act upon them.  How do geological processes occur? Geological processes are naturally occurring events that directly or indirectly impact the geology of the Earth. - Plate tectonics - Earthquakes - Weathering - Flooding - Volcanic eruptions - Droughts  Geologic Hazards A geologic hazard is an extreme natural event in the crust of the earth that poses a threat to life and property, for example, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, and landslides. These hazards can cause immense damage, loss of property, and sometimes life. KIGNNRUO DHASG GROUNDSHAKING AMTSUNUI TSUNAMI QLEFATIOCNIU LIQUEFACTION NASL DESL IDL LANDSLIDE Based on the image write 5 geologic hazards posed by an erupting volcano.  Geologic Hazards Geologic processes and hazards are events which occur irregularly in time and space and cause negative impact on man and the environment. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis (tidal waves), and landslides are the geologic hazards. Simplified classification of major geologic hazards I. Earthquake An earthquake is the vibration, sometimes violent, of the earth’s surface that follows a release of energy in the earth’s crust. This energy can be generated by a sudden dislocation of segments of the crust by a volcanic eruption or even by man-made explosions. I. Earthquake Most destructive earthquake, however, are caused by dislocations of the crust. The crust may first bend and then when the stress exceeds the strength of the rocks, break and snap to a new position. In the process of breaking vibrations called seismic waves are generated. I. Earthquake Some of the worst earthquakes in the Philippines include: 1. The collapse of Ruby Tower buildings on August 2, 1968, leaving hundreds of people trapped underneath the rubble. I. Earthquake 2. A tsunami that killed about 8,000 people in Mindanao after an earthquake on August 17, 1976. 3. An earthquake that registered 7.7 on the Richter scale killed 1,700 people, injured 3,000 individuals, and displaced 148,000 more in Baguio, Dagupan, and Cabanatuan on July 16, 1990. I. Earthquake The magnitude 6.9 in October 2019 which hit southern Philippines. The 6.1 magnitude that struck the Island of Luzon in April of 2019. Multiple earthquakes were felt when Taal Volcano erupted early in 2020. Hazards caused by an Earthquake A. Ground shaking is one of the hazards resulting from earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides. Ground shaking is both a hazard created by earthquakes and the trigger for other hazards such as liquefaction and landslides. Ground shaking describes the vibration of the ground during an earthquake. Hazards caused by an Earthquake B. Surface faulting is displacement that reaches the earth's surface during slip along a fault. It commonly occurs with shallow earthquakes; those with an epicenter less than 20 km. Surface faulting also may accompany aseismic creep or natural or man- induced subsidence. Hazards caused by an Earthquake C. Land slide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. Landslides are a type of "mass wasting," which denotes any down-slope movement of soil and rock under the direct influence of gravity. The term "landslide" encompasses five modes of slope movement: falls, topples, slides, spreads, and flows. Hazards caused by an Earthquake D. Liquefaction describes the way in which soil liquefies during ground shaking. Liquefaction can undermine the foundations and supports of buildings, bridges, pipelines, and roads, causing them to sink into the ground, collapse, or dissolve.  Hazards caused by an Earthquake E. Tsunamis are giant waves caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the sea. It can injure or kill many people and cause significant damage to buildings and other structures. The speed of tsunami waves depends on ocean depth rather than the distance from the source of the wave.  Prevention, Preparedness, and Response Guidelines What to do before, during, and after an earthquake BEFORE 1. Make sure you have a fire extinguisher, first aid kit, a battery powered radio, flashlight, and extra batteries at home. 2. Learn first aid. 3. Make up a plan of where to meet your family after an earthquake. 4. Don’t leave heavy objects on shelves. 5. Anchor heavy furniture, cupboards, and appliances to the walls of floor. BEFORE 6. Learn the earthquake plan at your school or workplace. 7. Practice evacuation drills. 8. Check potential sources of hazards at home, heavy furniture, hanging objects, electrical wirings, flammable materials, and even crashes on the wall. DURING 1. Stay calm. 2. If indoor, stand against a wall near the center of the building stand in the doorway or crawl under heavy furniture. Stay away from windows and outside doors. 3. If outdoor, stay in the open lines or anything that might fall. Stay away from buildings. DURING 4. Don’t use matches, candles. Or any flames. 5. If you’re in a car, stop the car and stay inside the car until the shaking of the ground stops. 6. Don’t use elevators. 7. Drop down your face, hand, and arms. Look for the safe place like under study table. 8. Stay inside until the shaking and then move to an open space. AFTER 1. Check yourself and others for injuries. Provide first aid for anyone who need it. 2. Check water and electric wires for damage. If there is any damage shut off the valves. If you smell gas leak open all the windows and doors, leave immediately and report to authorities. AFTER 3. Turn on the radio. 4. Stay out of damaged building. 5. Be careful around broken glass and debris, wear boots and sturdy shoes to keep from cutting your feet. 6. Stay away from damaged areas. AFTER 7. If you are in school or work, follow the emergency plan or the instruction of the person in charge. 8. Expect aftershocks. Each time you feel one, drop, cover, and hold on. II. Volcanic Eruption A volcano on Earth is a vent or fissure in the planet's crust through which lava, ash, rock, and gases erupt. Volcanoes can be exciting and fascinating but are also very dangerous. II. Volcanic Eruption A volcanic eruption occurs when magma is released from a volcano. Volcanic eruptions are major natural hazards on Earth. Volcanic eruptions can have a devastating effect on people and the environment.  Hazards caused by Volcanic Eruption A. Tephra consists of pyroclastic fragments of any size and origin. It is a synonym for "pyroclastic material." Tephra ranges in size from ash (64 mm).  Hazards caused by Volcanic Eruption B. A pyroclastic flow is a dense, fast- moving flow of solidified lava pieces, volcanic ash, and hot gases. A common cause is when the column of lava, ash, and gases expelled from a volcano during an eruption loses its upward momentum and falls back to the ground.  Hazards caused by Volcanic Eruption C. Lahar is an Indonesian term that describes a hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments that flows down the slopes of a volcano and typically enters a river valley.  Hazards caused by Volcanic Eruption D. Lava dome are formed by viscous magma being erupted effusively onto the surface and then piling up around the vent. Like lava flows, they typically do not have enough gas or pressure to erupt explosively, although they may sometimes be preceded or followed by explosive activity.  Hazards caused by Volcanic Eruption E. Poisonous gases the gases that are released during a volcanic eruption, come from deep within the Earth. The largest portion of gases released into the atmosphere is water vapor.  Prevention, Preparedness, and Response Guidelines What to do before, during, and after volcanic ewruption BEFORE 1. Be aware of the damages that volcanic eruptions pose and be prepared for whatever circumstances the eruption will bring. 2. Prepare all the necessary things to bring once evacuation is needed. 3. Store food, water, light sources, and batteries that are very useful in case of emergency. BEFORE 4. Volcanic eruption causes ash falls. Be prepared with masks or anything to cover your mouth and nose. 5. Prioritize the safety of the kids and elderly above anything else. DURING 1. Avoid low lying places because lava flows and mudflows are more likely to pass here. 2. Seek cover in case of ash falls and rock falls. 3. Use mask and cover your mouth and nose top avoid breathing in ashes. DURING 4. If inside the house, close all doors and the windows to avoid ashes from getting inside. 5. Stay in the evacuation center until further instructions. Do not attempt to leave the place unless told to do so. Keep a watchful eye on kids because they might attempt to go out to see what is going on outside. AFTER 1. Go back to your house but leave the kids to someone who can take care of them while you check your house. 2. Clean everything around and check damages incurred. 3. Wait for further announcements related for volcanic activities.