Evaluation of Patient/Injured and the Site PDF

EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT/INJURED AND THE SITE Lect. Arzu Güneş, MSc. What are the systems that make up the body a first aider needs to know? Knowing some basic concepts about the human body, its structure and functioning makes it easier for the first aider to be conscious in his/he...

EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT/INJURED AND THE SITE Lect. Arzu Güneş, MSc. What are the systems that make up the body a first aider needs to know? Knowing some basic concepts about the human body, its structure and functioning makes it easier for the first aider to be conscious in his/her interventions as a first aider.  It enables the body to move, supports and acts as a protector. It consists of the following structures: bones joints Muscles Musculoskeletal system Circulatory system It carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, immune elements and similar elements of body tissues and collects them back again. It consists of: Heart Blood vessels Blood Nervous system Consciousness provides understanding, thinking, perception, harmony of movements, balance and breathing and circulation. It consists of the following structures. Brain Cerebellum Spinal cord Respiratory system It provides the oxygenation of cells and tissues by performing the task of gas exchange, which is necessary for the body. It consists of the following organs Respiratory tract Lungs Urinary system By filtering the blood, it maintains the internal balance in the body by performing the duties of keeping the necessary substances in the body and removing the harmful ones. It consists of the following organs: Kidneys Urinary tracts Bladder Urethra Digestive System It ensures that the foods taken from the mouth are digested by grinding and distributed to the body through the blood circulation. It consists of the following structures: tongue and teeth Esophagus Stomach Gall bladder Pancreas intestines What are the Important Indicators of Vital Signs? Before evaluating the LIFE FINDINGS patient/injured, the consciousness, meanings of vital signs circulation, should be known. Because; The presence or absence of breathing, these findings is important Body temperature, for the interventions to be Blood pressure. made. Evaluation of Consciousness First of all, the patient's/injured's state of consciousness is evaluated. A normal person responds to all warnings directed at him. The level of consciousness indicates the severity of the injury; Consciousness levels; If the person is conscious, all responds to alerts. First Degree Loss of Consciousness Responds to verbal and noisy stimuli. 2nd Degree Loss of Consciousness Responds to painful stimuli. 3rd Degree Loss of Consciousness It is unresponsive to all stimuli, does not respond, Heart Rate Evaluation The feeling of the pressure exerted by the heartbeats on the arterial wall with the fingertips on the vessel wall is called the pulse. Normal heart rate in an adult is 60- 100 beats per minute. 100–120 in children, It is 100-140 in babies.  While evaluating the Respiratory patient's/injured's breathing; Evaluation respiratory rate, Equality of respiratory intervals, Respiration depth is checked. Breathing frequency is the number of times a person inhales and exhales in 1 minute. The respiratory rate per minute in a healthy adult person is 12- 20, 16–22 in children, It is 18-24 in babies. Evaluation of Blood Pressure Blood pressure is not controlled while evaluating the patient/injured. However, it is important to know the meaning of blood pressure. Evaluation of Blood Pressure It is the pressure exerted by the heart on the vessel wall during contraction and relaxation. It indicates the heart's ability to pump blood. Normal value: 100/50 mmHg- 140/100 mm Hg. What are areas of the body that feel pulse? Carotis atery  Radial artery (Inner side of wrist, top of thumb) What are areas of the body that feel pulse? Brachial artery (Inner side of the arm, above the elbow) WHAT ARE AREAS OF THE BODY THAT FEEL PULSE?  What are areas of the body that feel pulse? Dorsalis pedis artery  While evaluating the circulation of the sick/injured, a pulse is taken from the carotid artery in children and adults, and from the arm's artery (brachial artery) in infants. What are areas of the body that feel pulse? Evaluation of Body Temperature In first aid, body temperature should be measured under the armpit. Normal body temperature is 36.5 C. Above the normal value is indicated as high fever, below the normal value is indicated as low fever.  Evaluation of the severity of the illness or injury, What is the Determination of first aid Purpose of priorities, Patient/Injur ed Determining the first aid method to be used, Evaluation? Ensuring a safe response. What are the Initial Evaluation Stages of the Patient/Injured? Verbal stimulus or lightly touching the shoulder of the patient/injured "-Are you okay?" A state of consciousness assessment is made by asking. Evaluation of the state of consciousness is important for later stages. Evaluation of circulation First aid for evaluation of circulation; A pulse is tried to be taken for 5 seconds with 3 fingers from the carotis artery in children and adults, and from the brachial (arm) artery in infants. What are the Initial Evaluation Stages of the Patient/Injured?  Especially in those with unconsciousness, the tongue may run back and block the respiratory tract, or the respiratory tract may be blocked by vomit and foreign objects.  The airway must be open for air to reach the lungs.  While maintaining airway patency, the patient/injured head, neck, and trunk axis should be laid flat.  Evaluation of Airway Patency In the person whose unconsciousness is determined; The inside of the mouth should be looked at first, if there is a foreign body, the object should be removed by inserting the index finger into the mouth from the side. Then, head tilt chin lift: one hand is placed on the forehead of the patient/injured and 2 fingers of the other hand are placed on the jawbone, the forehead is pressed and lifted from the chin, the head is pushed back and the head back-chin up position is Evaluation of Respiration The first aider turns his/her side to the patient/injured's chest and brings his/her face closer to the patient/injured's mouth, evaluates for 10 seconds that he/she is not breathing with Look-Listen-Feel. the respiratory movement of the thorax is checked, It is tried to rest by bending down and approaching to fall on his ear and therefore to feel it on his cheek, It starts artificially alone.  As a result of the first evaluation, if the patient/injured is unconscious but has breathing and pulse, they are immediately put into a coma position and other injured persons are evaluated. How Should the Second Evaluation of the Patient/Injured Be? After ensuring the presence of vital signs of the patient/injured with the first examination, the first assistant proceeds to the second examination stage and performs a thorough examination. How Should the Second Evaluation of the Patient/Injured Be? Getting information by meeting: introduces himself, Learns the name of the patient/injured and calls them by name, Provides trust by being tolerant and gentle, Relieves the patient's/injured's worries, The nature of the event, its conditions, personal history, what they ate as a result, the drugs used and the presence of allergies are learned by asking.  Examinations from head to toe How Should level of consciousness, understanding, perception, the Second respiratory rate, rhythm, Evaluation of depth, the pulse rate, rhythm, intensity, Patient/Injur Body or skin temperature, ed Be? moisture, color  A top-down check is made: Head Phases of Neck Patient/Injur Chest ed Secondary Abdominal cavity Evaluation Arms and legs Head Examination The mouth is checked. Hair, scalp, head and face are checked for injuries and bruises. It is evaluated whether there is fluid or blood coming from the ear or nose. Neck Examination Pain, tenderness, swelling, deformity are investigated. Until proven otherwise, the possibility of neck injury should not be ignored. Thorax (chest) Examination It should be evaluated whether there is a stuck object, open wound, deformity or bruising, whether there is pain with light pressure, whether there is bleeding. Whether the thoracic cage enlargement is normal or not should be investigated. In the chest examination, the back of the patient/injured should also be checked by moving the hands back.  The presence of a stung object, open wound, deformity, swelling, bruising, pain or tenderness, Abdominal and tenderness of the abdomen should be evaluated. Examination The hands should be slid to the waist and examined, then the same research should be done on the hip bones to find out if there are any fractures or wounds.  It should be evaluated whether there is loss of strength, sensation, pain, swelling, deformity, loss of Examination function and fracture, and whether of the Arms there is a pulse from the pulse and Legs points. After the second evaluation, the What is the Purpose of Scene Evaluation? Elimination of the risk of reoccurrence at the scene, Determination of the number and types of patients/injured at the scene After a quick assessment of the scene, the interventions are planned. What are the things to be done in the evaluation of the scene?  What are the things to be done in the evaluation of the scene? If possible, the accident vehicle should be taken off the road and in a safe area, the ignition should be turned off, the handbrake should be applied, if the vehicle is LPG, the valve of the cylinder in the trunk of the vehicle should be closed  What are the things to be done in the evaluation of the crime scene? The scene should be marked in a sufficiently visible manner. Warning signs should be placed in order to slow down the drivers of vehicles that may come in front of and behind the accident point and to prevent a possible accident risk; triangle reflectors should be used for this.  What are the things to be done in the evaluation of the scene? Curious persons who may complicate or hinder assistance to the sick/injured at the scene should be removed from the scene. Smoking should not be allowed at the scene to prevent possible explosion and fire risk,  What are the things to be done in the evaluation of the scene? In case of gas presence, necessary precautions should be taken to prevent possible poisoning The environment should be ventilated What are the things to be done in the evaluation of the scene? The patient/injured should not be moved, The patient/injured should be rapidly evaluated for vital signs (CAB), The patient/injured should be evaluated in terms of fracture and bleeding, The patient/injured should be kept warm,  If the patient/injured is unconscious, nothing should be given by mouth, Medical assistance should be sought (112), What are the Concerns of the patient/injured should be addressed, should be things to be courteous and tolerant, The patient/injured should not be allowed to see the wound in order to done in the avoid panic. Information about the patient/injured evaluation of and the event should be recorded, the scene? You should stay at the scene until the rescue team arrives. THANK YOU