LESSON-2-Recitation.pdf

LESSON 2 Recitation  Brief History of Communication Timeline of Writing Technology 30,000 BC – In ice-age Europe, people mark ivory, bone, and stone with patterns to keep track of time, using a lunar calendar....

LESSON 2 Recitation  Brief History of Communication Timeline of Writing Technology 30,000 BC – In ice-age Europe, people mark ivory, bone, and stone with patterns to keep track of time, using a lunar calendar. 14,000 BC – In what is now Mezhirich, Ukraine, the first known artifact with a map on it is made using bone. Prior to 3500 BC – Communication was carried out through paintings of indigenous tribes. 3500s BC – The Sumerians develop cuneiform writing and the Egyptians develop hieroglyphic writing. 16th century BC – The Phoenicians develop an alphabet. 105 – Tsai Lun invents paper. 7th century – Hindu-Malayan empires write legal documents on copper plate scrolls, and write other documents on more perishable media. 751 – Paper is introduced to the Muslim world after the Battle of Talas. 1250 – The quill is used for writing. Timeline of printing technology 1305 – The Chinese develop wooden block movable type printing. 1450 – Johannes Gutenberg invents a printing press with metal movable type. 1844 – Charles Fenerty produces paper from a wood pulp, eliminating rag paper which was in limited supply. 1849 – Associated Press organizes Nova Scotia pony express to carry latest European news for New York newspapers. 1958 – Chester Carlson presents the first photocopier suitable for office use.  History of Telecommunication The history of telecommunication - the transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication - began thousands of years ago with the use of smoke signals and drums in Africa, America and parts of Asia. In the 1790s, the first fixed semaphore systems emerged in Europe however it was not until the 1830s that electrical telecommunication systems started to appear.  Pre-electric AD 26–37 – Roman Emperor Tiberius rules the empire from the island of Capri by signaling messages with metal mirrors to reflect the sun. 1520 – Ships on Ferdinand Magellan's voyage signal to each other by firing cannon and raising flags.  Telegraph 1792 – Claude Chappe establishes the first long-distance semaphore telegraph line. 1831 – Joseph Henry proposes and builds an electric telegraph. 1836 – Samuel Morse develops the Morse code. 1843 – Samuel Morse builds the first long distance electric telegraph line. History of Telecommunication Landline telephone 1876 – Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas A. Watson exhibit an electric telephone in Boston. 1889 – Almon Strowger patents the direct dial  Phonograph 1877 – Thomas Edison patents the phonograph.  Radio and television 1920 – Radio station KDKA based in Pittsburgh began the first broadcast. 1925 – John Logie Baird transmits the first television signal. 1942 – Hedy Lamarr and George Antheil invent frequency hopping spread spectrum communication technique. 1947 – Full-scale commercial television is first broadcast. 1963 – First geosynchronous communications satellite is launched, 17.5 years after Arthur C. Clarke's article. 1999 – Sirius satellite radio is introduced. History of Telecommunication Fax 1843 – Patent issued for the "Electric Printing Telegraph", a very early forerunner of the fax machine 1926 – Commercial availability of the radio fax 1964 – First modern fax machine commercially available (Long Distance Xerography)  Mobile telephone 1947 – Douglas H. Ring and W. Rae Young of Bell Labs propose a cell-based approach which led to "cellular phones." 1981 – Nordic Mobile Telephone, the world's first automatic mobile phone is put into operation 1991 – GSM is put into operation 1992 – Neil Papworth sends the first SMS (or text message). 1999 – 45% of Australians have a mobile phone. History of Telecommunication Computers and Internet 1949 – Claude Elwood Shannon, the "father of information theory", mathematically proves the Nyquist Shannon sampling theorem. 1965 – First email sent (at MIT). 1966 – Charles Kao realizes that silica-based optical waveguides offer a practical way to transmit light via total internal reflection. 1969 – The first hosts of ARPANET, Internet's ancestor, are connected. 1971 – Erna Schneider Hoover invent a computerized switching system for telephone traffic. 1971 – 8-inch floppy disk removable storage medium for computers is introduced. 1975 – "First list servers are introduced." 1976 – The personal computer (PC) market is born. 1977 – Donald Knuth begins work on TeX. 1981 – Hayes Smartmodem introduced. 1983 – Microsoft Word software is launched. 1985 – AOL is launched. 1989 – Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau build the prototype system which became the World Wide Web at CERN. History of Telecommunication  Computers and Internet 1989 – WordPerfect 5.1 word processing software released. 1989 – Lotus Notes software is launched. 1991 – Anders Olsson transmits solitary waves through an optical fiber with a data rate of 32 billion bits per second. 1992 – Internet2 organization is created. 1992 – IBM ThinkPad 700C laptop computer created. It was lightweight compared to its predecessors. 1993 – Mosaic graphical web browser is launched. 1994 – Internet radio broadcasting is born. 1996 – Motorola StarTAC mobile phone introduced. It was significantly smaller than previous cellphones. 1997 – SixDegrees.com is launched, the first of a number of early social networking services 1999 – Napster peer-to-peer file sharing is launched. 2001 – Cyworld adds social networking features and becomes the first of a number of mass-market social networking service 2003 – Skype video calling software is launched. 2004 – Facebook is launched, becoming the largest social networking site in 2009. 2005 – YouTube, the video sharing site, is launched. 2006 – Twitter is launched. 2007 – iPhone is launched. 2009 – Whatsapp is launched. 2010 – Instagram is launched. 2011 – Snapchat is launched. 2015 – Discord is launched.