Guide to Operating Systems, 6th Edition Lecture Notes PDF

Guide to Operating Systems, 6 th...

Guide to Operating Systems, 6 th Edition Module 2: Modern Client and Server Operating Systems ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1  Learning Objectives By the end of this module, you should be able to: Identify the features of modern Microsoft operating systems Identify the features and characteristics of UNIX and UNIX-like operating systems Identify the features and characteristics of Mac operating systems ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 2  Current Microsoft Operating Systems Windows 10 Windows 11 Windows Server 2016 Windows Server 2019 Windows Server 2022 ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 3  Windows 10 (1 of 3) Windows 10 is the current release of the client version of Windows Some key features of Windows 10: − Feature releases come about twice a year and are numbered based on the year and month of their announcement − Virtual desktops let users create multiple desktops and switch between them to access application windows that are open in each desktop − Return of the Start button as a hybrid between the Windows 7 Start button and the Windows 8 Start screen − Microsoft Edge Web browser as a replacement for Internet Explorer ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 4  Windows 10 (2 of 3) Some key features of Windows 10 (continued): − Cortana digital assistant − Quick access – a File Explorer feature that lets you pin any folder or search result to the Quick access section in the left pane of File Explorer − Universal application architecture − Sign-in options − Windows Sandbox ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 5  Windows 10 (3 of 3) ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 6  Windows Server 2016 Windows Server 2016 comes with the Windows 10 user interface Highlights of Windows Server 2016: − Hyper-V – improvements include nested virtualization, Linux Secure Boot, production checkpoints, “hot add and remove” for memory and network adapters, and more − Nano Server is designed for single-task servers running in a virtual environment − Windows Containers – allows you to run applications that are isolated from one another, improving reliability ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 7  Windows Server 2019 Windows Server 2019 focuses on hybrid cloud datacenters, security, and hyper- converged infrastructures − A hyper-converged infrastructure (HCI) is a computing model in which virtualization goes beyond VMs and extends to virtual storage networks and virtualized networking New features include: − Windows Admin Center − Windows Defender Advanced Threat Protection (ATP) − Server Core and container improvements − Better Linux options  Supports Linux VM in Hyper-V  Support native Linux network file system (NFS) ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 8  UNIX and UNIX-Like Operating Systems (1 of 2) The UNIX OS comes in many different formats − UNIX is the oldest, most diverse, and most complicated OS in this book Linux runs on almost any hardware Linux is a true multitasking, multiuser operating system Most Linux versions come with different “shells” or user interfaces and it is up to the user to pick the shell they wish to use − Most popular are the Bourne shell (sh), Bourne Again shell (bash), and C shell (csh) Some Linux versions provide you with a GUI − X Window is the most popular – provides basic window management and most Linux GUIs use it as the underlying graphical environment. ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 9  UNIX and UNIX-Like Operating Systems (2 of 2) All networking functions in Linux are based on the BSD networking model − Which provides support for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Linux is the most common OS used for Web servers, mail servers, and many other Internet-based applications Linux computers are often used as database or application servers An extensive range of programming tools come preinstalled or are available as a free download ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 10  Mac OSs (1 of 2) Macintosh computers revolutionized the world of OSs with an all-graphical user interface and shell Mac OS X is built on Darwin UNIX, which is an open-source, UNIX-like OS The hardware architecture needed to run a Mac OS is very dependent on the version of the OS − If you are running the newest generation of hardware, you are required to run macOS ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 11  Mac OSs (2 of 2) Peer-to-peer networking has always been a standard feature of Mac OS − Older versions used the AppleTalk protocol Mac OS was always meant to be a desktop operating system − There are no extended security features to keep users from getting access to files on local computers Mac OS has been known for its support of graphics, video, and sound capabilities − Graphical artists prefer Mac font management and Color Sync color matching technologies ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 12  Mac OS X and macOS (1 of 3) Mac OS X (version 10) introduced the “Aqua” interface − Some previous programs and utilities were replaced − macOS is configured so that different users can access the OS in their own workspaces, without affecting other users − Many windows in macOS now can be customized so their contents appear in columns − Internet connectivity is enhanced in macOS through the Internet Connect tool ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 13  Mac OS X and macOS (2 of 3) Different Mac OS X releases: − Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard − Mac OS X 10.7 Lion − Mac OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion − Mac OS X 10.9 Mavericks − Mac OS X 10.10 Yosemite − Mac OS X 10.11 El Capitan − macOS 10.12 Sierra and macOS 10.13 High Sierra ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 14  Mac OS X and macOS (3 of 3) macOS 10.14 Mojave − Mojave was the current release of macOS when the writing of this book began − Catalina (10.15) was released in the fall of 2019 − Mojave adds some user interface enhancements, including Dark Mode, which configures the desktop and all open windows to use a dark color scheme − Dynamic Desktop changes the desktop color scheme from a dawn-inspired light blue to an evening dark blue ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 15  Summary Server OSs have evolved to allow clustering, virtual servers, self-healing NTFS, Active Directory, extensive network management features, and robust security UNIX is the basis for the popular Linux distributions macOS is built on Darwin, an open-source, UNIX-like OS released by Apple in 2000, and is known for its support of graphics, video, and sound capabilities ©2021 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 16