LESSON 2- CONCEPTS OF HEALTH NEW.pdf

HEALTH PROMOTION KNUR 402 CONCEPTS OF HEALTH Delphina Abbey-Awadzi (Mrs) Concept of health Health has evolved over the centuries from the concept of individual concern to a worldwide social goal. The various changing concepts of health are as follows: ❖Biomedical concept...

HEALTH PROMOTION KNUR 402 CONCEPTS OF HEALTH Delphina Abbey-Awadzi (Mrs) Concept of health Health has evolved over the centuries from the concept of individual concern to a worldwide social goal. The various changing concepts of health are as follows: ❖Biomedical concept AWADZI (MRS) LECTURER: DELPHINA ABBEY- ❖Ecological concept ❖Psychological concept ❖Holistic concept 2  LECTURER: DELPHINA ABBEY- 3 AWADZI (MRS) ❑ BIOMEDICAL CONCEPT Traditionally, health has been considered as an absence of disease If one was free from disease, then the person was considered healthy. It is based on the germ theory of disease. AWADZI (MRS) LECTURER: DELPHINA ABBEY- It states that microorganisms known as pathogens or "germs" can lead to disease. These small organisms, too small to see without magnification, invade humans and other living hosts and cause diseases. 4 ❑ BIOMEDICAL CONCEPT The medical profession viewed the human body as a machine and disease as an outcome of the breakdown of the machine, and one of the doctor’s tasks was to repair the machine. Criticism: – Minimized role of environmental, social, AWADZI (MRS) LECTURER: DELPHINA ABBEY- psychological and cultural determinants of health. Developments in medical and social sciences led to the conclusion that the biomedical concept of health was inadequate 5 ❑ ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT Deficiencies in the biomedical concept gave rise to other concepts. The ecologists put forward the concept of ecological concept. Ecologists viewed health as a dynamic equilibrium between AWADZI (MRS) LECTURER: DELPHINA ABBEY- man and his environment, and the disease as a maladjustment of the human organism to environment. Health implies relative absence of pain and discomfort and a continuous adaptation to the environment to ensure optimal function. 6 ❑ PSYCHOSOCIAL CONCEPT Advances in social sciences showed that health is not only a biomedical phenomenon, but one which is influenced by social, psychological, cultural, economic and political factors of the people concerned. These factors must be taken into consideration in defining and AWADZI (MRS) LECTURER: DELPHINA ABBEY- measuring health. Thus health is both a biological and social phenomenon 7 ❑ HOLISTIC CONCEPT The holistic model is a synthesis of all the above concepts. Holistic concept recognizes the strength of social, economic, political and environmental influences on health. It has been variously described as a multidimensional process AWADZI (MRS) LECTURER: DELPHINA ABBEY- involving the wellbeing of the person as a whole. The emphasis is on the promotion and protection of health. The holistic approach implies that all sectors of the society have an effect on health, in particular, agriculture, animal husbandry, food, industry, education, housing, public works and other sectors. 8 Other Factors Affecting Health Personal hygiene Exercise Rest and sleep Posture AWADZI (MRS) LECTURER: DELPHINA ABBEY- Clean home environment Influence of smoking, alcohol and drugs Climate and clothing Safety measures at play and work Our eating habits 9 TRY your hands What makes some people healthy and others unhealthy? How can we create a society in which everyone has a chance to live long healthy lives? Write on how the environment, as a determinant, affects AWADZI (MRS) LECTURER: DELPHINA ABBEY- health, giving examples of disease or complication related to environmental exposure. 10  LECTURER: DELPHINA ABBEY- 11 AWADZI (MRS)  LECTURER: DELPHINA ABBEY- 12 AWADZI (MRS)  LECTURER: DELPHINA ABBEY- 13 AWADZI (MRS)