LESSON 10 SPECIALTIES IN RADTECH.docx

+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | SPECIALTIES IN | | | | RADIOLOGIOC | | | | TECHNOLOGY | | | +---...

+-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | SPECIALTIES IN | | | | RADIOLOGIOC | | | | TECHNOLOGY | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | 1. SONOGRAPHY | FUNCTION AND | PROFFESION | | | DEFINITION | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | - Ultrasound-based | **SONOGRAPHERS** | | | diagnostic | | | | imaging | - Diagnostic | | | | medical | | | | professionals who | | | | operate | | | - technique used | ultrasonic | | | for visualizing | imaging devices | | | subcutaneous body | to produce | | | structures | diagnostic | | | including | images, scans, | | | tendons, muscles, | videos, or 3D | | | joints, vessels | volumes of | | | and organs for | anatomy and | | | pathology or | diagnostic data. | | | lesions. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Diagnostic | | | | ultrasound -- 2 | | | | to 18 MHz | | | | | | | | - Low frequency | | | | (1-6 MHz) - | | | | produce less | | | | resolution but | | | | penetrate deeper | | | | | | | | - High frequency | | | | (7-18 MHz) | | | | produce high | | | | resolution but | | | | lower penetration | | | | | | | | - Medical flowing | | | | imaging or | | | | medical atomic | | | | imaging | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | 2**,** | - No image receptor | **CT-Scan | | | or intensifier | Technologist** | | COMPUTED | | | | | - Doesn\'t use | - Operate CT-Scan | | TOMOGRAPHY | ordinary or old | machine | | | equipment | | | | | - Explain procedure | | | - It is collimated | to the patient | | | ( Shaped Xray | | | | Beams) they | - Immobilize and | | | detected by | observe the | | | detectors and | patient during | | | rotate | procedure | | | simultaneously | | | | | - Monitor video | | | - Produces 2-D and | display of area | | | 3-D | being scanned and | | | cross-sectional | improve image | | | images of an | quality | | | object from flat | | | | x-ray images | - Review and | | | | evaluate CT-Scan | | | | images | | | | | | | | - Use radiation | | | | safety measures | | | | and protection | | | | device | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | 3, | - Provides | **Nuclear Medicine | | | information about | Technologist / | | NUCLEAR MEDICINE | both structure | NUCMEDTECH** | | | and function and | | | | treat disease | - Prepare and | | | with the use of | administer radio | | | radio-pharmaceuti | pharmaceuticals | | | cals. | | | | | - Perform imaging | | | - Patience is the | procedures using | | | source of | radiation-detecti | | | radiation via | ng | | | injected radio | instruments | | | pharmaceutical, | | | | | - Accomplish | | | - Light area on | computer | | | image "HOTSPOT" | processing and | | | shows | image enhancement | | | abnormalities | | | | | - Analyze biologic | | | | specimens in the | | | | laboratory | | | | | | | | - Provide images, | | | | data analysis, | | | | and patient | | | | information to | | | | the physician for | | | | diagnostic | | | | interpretation | | | | | | | | - Obtain patient | | | | history, describe | | | | the procedure to | | | | the patient and | | | | answer any | | | | questions | | | | | | | | - Monitors the | | | | patient's | | | | physical | | | | condition during | | | | the procedure | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | 4. | - Process of using | **Mammograper -- DR** | | | low-energy x-rays | | | MAMMOGRAPHER | to examine the | - Equipment | | | human breast and | adjustment | | | is used as | | | | diagnostic and a | - Patient | | | screening tool | positioning | | | for patients | | | | ageing 40 and up. | - Providing | | | | adequate | | | - A soft tissue | radiation | | | radiography | protection | | | | | | | - Capacity to | | | | accentuate soft | | | | tissues in the | | | | breast | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | , | - Enhances images | | | | of the body and | | | 5 | has the ability | | | | of post | | | DIGITAL IMAGING | processing | | | | | | | | - Two types : | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Computed | | | | Radiography or | | | | Direct Digital | | | | Radiography | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | 6. | - Provides a | | | | live-action view | | | FLUOROSCOPY | of the interior | | | | body | | | | | | | | - Uses | | | | Image-intensifier | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - device that | | | | electronically | | | | brightens and | | | | enhances the | | | | image and | | | | transmits it to | | | | the monitor | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Time dynamic view | | | | shows the motion | | | | of internal | | | | structure | | | | | | | | - Uses contrast | | | | media to | | | | highlight anatomy | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | 7, | - MRI, NMRI, or MRT | | | | | | | MAGNETIC RESONANCE | - Is a medical | | | IMAGING | imaging technique | | | | used in radiology | | | | to visualize | | | | detailed internal | | | | structures using | | | | nuclear magnetic | | | | resonance | | | | property | | | | | | | | - MRI machine uses | | | | a powerful | | | | magnetic field to | | | | align the | | | | magnetization of | | | | some atoms in the | | | | body, and | | | | radio-frequency | | | | fields to | | | | systematically | | | | alter the | | | | alignment of | | | | magnetization. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Superior to other | | | | imaging | | | | modalities | | | | | | | | - Doesn\'t use | | | | ionizing | | | | radiation | | | | | | | | - It is ideal to | | | | pathologist | | | | involving tissues | | | | | | | | - Downside: | | | | Expensive and | | | | contradicts | | | | metallic implants | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | 8, | - Uses different | | | | radio | | | POSITRON EMMISION | pharmaceutical | | | TOMOGRAPHY | agent injected in | | | | the circulatory | | | ( PET ) | system to image | | | | the area of | | | | interest for the | | | | evaluation of | | | | anatomic and | | | | physiologic | | | | condition of an | | | | organ. | | | | | | | | - Used Positron | | | | Emission provide | | | | detailed images | | | | of how tissues | | | | and organs are | | | | functioning, | | | | often within a | | | | few hours | | | | | | | | - Cyclotrons -- | | | | produces radio | | | | pharmaceuticals | | | | | | | | - Now, they | | | | incorporate this | | | | with CT SCAN (PT | | | | CTSCAN) for | | | | hybrid imaging | | | | and accurate or | | | | sensitive | | | | diagnoses. | | | | | | | | - Usually patients | | | | are cancer | | | | patient and brain | | | | disorders | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | 9 | - a nuclear | | | | medicine | | | SINGLE-PHOTON | tomographic | | | EMMISSIONCOMPUTED | imaging technique | | | TOMOGRAPHY | using gamma rays. | | | | | | | ( SPECT ) | - It is very | | | | similar to | | | | conventional | | | | nuclear medicine | | | | planar imaging | | | | using a gamma | | | | camera. However, | | | | it\'s able to | | | | provide true 3D | | | | information. | | | | | | | | - This information | | | | is typically | | | | presented as | | | | cross-sectional | | | | slices through | | | | the patient but | | | | can be freely | | | | reformatted or | | | | manipulated as | | | | required. | | | | | | | | - Produces CT, MPI | | | | Images | | | | | | | | - 1-3 gamma rays to | | | | use such as in | | | | tomographic | | | | images | | | | | | | | - In scanned images | | | | donut-shaped | | | | signs shows | | | | abnormalities | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | 10, | - Bone densitometry | | | | is a test like an | | | BONE DENSITOMETRY | X-ray that | | | | quickly and | | | | accurately | | | | measures the | | | | density of bone. | | | | | | | | - It is used | | | | primarily to | | | | detect osteopenia | | | | or osteoporosis, | | | | diseases in which | | | | the bone\'s | | | | mineral and | | | | density are low, | | | | and the risk of | | | | fractures is | | | | increased. | | | | | | | | - Common for Senior | | | | citizen | | | | | | | | - Rule out | | | | Osteoporosis | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | 11. | - Medical use of | | | | ionizing | | | RADIATION THERAPY | radiation, | | | | generally as part | | | | of cancer | | | | treatment to | | | | control or kill | | | | malignant cells | | | | | | | | - Therapeutic Area | | | | in Radiology | | | | | | | | - Produces high | | | | energy rays | | | | | | | | - Its important not | | | | to move for the | | | | target cells cant | | | | be targeted. | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | 12. | - Medical specialty | | | | concerned with | | | RADIATION ONCOLOGY | prescribing | | | | radiation, and is | | | | distinct from | | | | radiology, the | | | | use of radiation | | | | in medical | | | | imaging and | | | | diagnosis | | | | | | | | - Treatment : | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - CURATIVE - | | | | Focuses on | | | | resolving / | | | | Curing | | | | | | | | - PALLIATIVE -- | | | | Relieving | | | | symptoms, | | | | minimizes pain | | | | for incurable | | | | disorder | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Precise Treatment | | | | depends on the | | | | following: | | | | | | | | Tumor type | | | | | | | | Location | | | | | | | | Stage | | | | | | | | General health of | | | | the patient | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | 13, | - Radiation therapy | | | | technique used to | | | TOTAL BODY | prepare the body | | | IRRADIATION ( TBI ) | to receive bone | | | | marrow transplant | | | | | | | | - To suppress pain | | | | and for immune | | | | system prevent | | | | rejection of the | | | | transplant | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | 14. | - - Radiation | | | | source is place | | | BRACHYTHERAPHY | inside or next to | | | | the area | | | | requiring | | | | treatment. | | | | | | | | - It minimizes | | | | exposure to | | | | healthy tissue | | | | during procedures | | | | to treat cancers | | | | of the breast, | | | | prostate and | | | | other organs. | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | 15 | - Radiation source | | | | is place at a | | | TELETHERAPHY | particular | | | | distance from the | | | | area to be | | | | irradiated. | | | | | | | | - Also known as | | | | External beam | | | | radiotherapy | | | | (EBRT) | | | | | | | | - Short distance | | | | therapy/ | | | | treatment | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | 16 | - X-rays ranging | | | | from 100 kV to | | | ORTHOVOLATGE | 500 kV | | | | | | | | - For in depths | | | | tumors but unable | | | | to penetrate to | | | | internal tumors | | | | in the bones. | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | 17 | - X-rays with low | | | | voltage and | | | GRENZ RAYS | penetration | | | | | | | | - Below 20 KV | | | | | | | | - Used to heal | | | | keloids | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Picture Archiving and | - Allows for the | | | Communication System | total management | | | (PACS) | of a patient's | | | | case. | | | "SOFTWARE" | | | | | - DICOM (Digital | | | | Imaging and | | | | Communications) | | | | used for blending | | | | PACS with other | | | | imaging | | | | modalities | | | | | | | | - For archiving | | | | images or patient | | | | information | | | | | | | | - Album for | | | | interpretation | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | HISTORY OF RADIATION | - **Emil Grubbe** | | | THERAPHY | -- first American | | | | physician to use | | | | x-rays to treat | | | | cancer in 1896 | | | | | | | | - **Marie Curie** | | | | -- discovered | | | | radioactive | | | | elements in | | | | **1898** (radium | | | | and polonium) | | | | | | | | - **Mid-1900**s -- | | | | cobalt and cesium | | | | units where used | | | | | | | | - **1940s** -- | | | | Linear | | | | Accelerators | | | | | | | | - **Godfrey | | | | Hounsfield** -- | | | | invented CT-Scan | | | | in 1971 | | | | | | | | - **IMRT** -- | | | | Intensity-modulat | | | | ed | | | | radiation therapy | | | | | | | | - **IGRT** -- | | | | Image-guided | | | | radiation therapy | | | | tomoterap. | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | RADIATION THERAPIST | - Assist radiation | | | | oncologists | | | | | | | | - Expose specific | | | | area of the | | | | patients body to | | | | radiation | | | | | | | | - Positions the | | | | patient for | | | | treatment | | | | | | | | - Monitors the | | | | patient during | | | | the procedure | | | | | | | | - Maintain very | | | | strict procedures | | | | for safety | | | | | | | | - Records patient's | | | | treatment | | | | accurately | | | | | | | | - Should | | | | communicate | | | | effectively | | | | | | | | - Should be | | | | compassionate | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+