Lesson 1-Q2 The Moving Earth Lesson Notes PDF

The Moving Planet Lesson 1-Quarter 2 7 Major Plates Pacific Plate North American Plate Eurasian Plate African Plate Antartic Plate Indo-Australian Plate South American Plate  ACTIVE FAULTS Geologists have identified active faults as any fault tha...

The Moving Planet Lesson 1-Quarter 2 7 Major Plates Pacific Plate North American Plate Eurasian Plate African Plate Antartic Plate Indo-Australian Plate South American Plate  ACTIVE FAULTS Geologists have identified active faults as any fault that is likely to generate another earthquake sometime in the future. The common consideration for a fault to be active is if it has moved one or more several times in the last 10,000 years. The Philippines is not free from these active faults.  SUBDUCTION ZONES Subduction zones are areas where tectonic plates converge. The plates are pieces of crust that have been moving on the surface of the planet for million years. Tectonic plates may be made up of a single type of crust or a combination of continental crusts. Subduction causes a tectonic plate to slide under another plate and sink into the mantle because the denser oceanic crust slides beneath the lighter continental crust. This result in volcanic activities, earthquakes and tsunamis. The magnitude of an earthquake is based on the size of the fault it originates from. Because subduction zones are also the longest and widest faults in the world, they tend create strong earthquakes. Aside from earthquakes, subduction zones are also areas where tsunamis can originate. Earthquake that are above magnitude 7.0 can result in a tsunami. Tsunamis can also be created when movements in the subduction zones create landslides in the seafloor. The Philippines is suited close to the subduction zone created by the boundary between the Philippine Plate and Eurasian Plate. This boundary resulted in the number of active fault lines in the Philippines.  ACT IVE FAULTS IN THE PHILIPPINES West And East Western Eastern South Of Central Valley Fault Philippine Fault Philippine Fault Mindanao Fault Philippine Fault Rodriguez & Luzon Sea Philippine Moro Gulf Ilocos Sur & San Mateo Mindoro Sea Celebes Sea Norte Rizal Strait La Union Pangasinan Marikina Panay Nueva Ecija Pasig Sulu Sea Aurora Taguig Quezon Muntinlupa Masbate San Pedro Eastern Leyte Biñan Southern Leyte Carmona Agusan Del Santa Rosa Sur & Norte Calamba Davao Del Norte & Tagaytay Oriental Oriental Mindoro  Earthquake and Earthquake Hazards  EARTHQUAKE Is a sudden movement of the ground that releases elastic energy stored in rocks and generates seismic waves. This waves move outward from the source and cause vibration of the ground. Earthquake usually form along faults, which are fractures on the Earth’s crust where rocks on one side of the break move past the rocks on the other side. Simply put, the initial movement that causes seismic vibrations occurs when two sides of a fault suddenly slide past each other, generating an earthquake. The focus of an earthquake is the spot where the earthquake began. As the ground raptures in the focus, seismic waves radiate outward in all directions. The epicenter of an earthquake is the point on the Earth’s surface located directly above the focus of an earthquake.  EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS Can be anything that includes a physical phenomenon associated with an earthquake that may produce adverse effects on human activities. Even with the scientific and technological advancements, no single instrument in existence can predict when exactly an earthquake may happen. This makes the risk from earthquake a real danger to anyone exposed to this hazard. Earthquake hazards are generally classified as primary and secondary hazards.  Primary Earthquake Hazards Are the direct results of movement of the ground. This includes the following hazards: 1.Ground Shaking 2.Landslides 3.Liquefaction 4.Surface Rapture  Secondary Earthquake Hazards Are the results of the primary hazards, which can prove to be more catastrophic. Secondary hazards due to earthquake include the following: 1.Tsunami 2.Seiche 3.Flooding 4.Fire