Lesson 1- Philippine Literature and Canonical Filipino Writers.pdf

Learning Competencies A.1. Identify the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine Literary history from pre- colonial period to the contemporary. A.2 Identify representative texts and authors from each region. M.1 Discuss the contributions of local writers to the development of reg...

Learning Competencies A.1. Identify the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine Literary history from pre- colonial period to the contemporary. A.2 Identify representative texts and authors from each region. M.1 Discuss the contributions of local writers to the development of regional and national literature. Learning Targets A.1. I can identify the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine Literary history from pre-colonial period to the contemporary. A.2 I can identify representative texts and authors from each region. M.1 I can discuss the contributions of local writers to the development of regional and national literature.  PINE LITERA LIP TU HI RE P  PE OF DISCUSS CO ION S DIFFERENT TYPE OF CANONICAL COLONIAL LITERARY TEXT FILIPINO PERIODS PRESENT IN WRITERS EVERY PERIOD  BASIC FACTS The Republic of the Philippines is a The Republic of the Philippines is sovereign state in archipelagic composed of Luzon, Visayas, and Southeast Asia, with 7,641 islands Mindanao island groups. The Republic of the Philippines has A Spanish explorer named the more than 300,000 square Philippines after a Spanish king kilometers of land. during his 1542-1546 trip to the islands.  ORICAL TIMEL IST INE H 1946 1898 The US grants the new Before 1542 Spain cedes the Philippines to Republic of the Philippines full This pre-colonial Philippines the US independence 1542 1941 Spanish claim the islands Japanese forces invade the islands  LITERATURE from the Latin Littera meaning 'letters' and referring to an acquaintance with the written word.  NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE the highest recognition given to those Filipino individuals who have made significant contributions in the world of literary writing. NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR CULTURE OF ARTS each of the nominees for the prestigious recognition should be recommended by this commission as part of honor and cultural heritage. CULTURAL CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES with the confirmation of the Philippine President, nominees would be awarded. DIFFERENT COLONIAL PERIODS IN THE PHILIPPINES  PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD The literary period before the coming of the Spaniards.  PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD The discovery in Tabon cave in Palawan in 1962 of a skull cap and a portion of a jaw shows that man came earlier to the Philippines.  ORAL LITERATURE marks the birth of literature in the Philippines, it serves to be their language of life and their way of promoting cultural heritage. PRE-COLONIAL POETRY  PROVERBS (SALAWIKAIN) are truths and wise sayings express in a language that is popularly known and is based on common sense and real-life experiences. EXAMPLE: “Bago mo sabihin at gawin, makapitong iisipin.” “Kung di uukol, di bubukol.”  TANAGA A poem in quantrain containing seven syllables each line. EXAMPLE: KAIBIGAN (Emelita Perez Baes) Palay siyang matino Nung humangi’y yumuko Nguni’t muling tumayo, Nagkabunga ng ginto.  FOLK SONG A form of lyrical expression created by people according to their region. EXAMPLE: SITSIRITSIT Sitsiritsit, alibangbang Salaginto at salagubang Ang babae sa lansangan Kung gumuri y parang tandang  RIDDLES (BUGTONG) A game in a form of mystifying question and a mind puzzle intended to be solved. EXAMPLE: 1. Isang balong malalim, punong-puno ng patalim. 2. Dalawa kong kahon, buksan walang ugong.  PROSE NARRATIVES  EPIC (EPIKO) A long narrative poem about quests and exciting adventures of a hero with unusual strength and power.  MYTH A story of Gods and Goddesses told using a traditional language explaining mysteries, beliefs, and cultural practices. EXAMPLE: LEGEND OF MARIA MAKILING Babaylan Albularyo Anito/s Diwatas  FABLES Are stories intended to teach human values with animals as major characters attributing human qualities. EXAMPLE: Si Pagong at si Matsing Si Pagong at ang Kuneho  LEGENDS Are stories explaining origins handed down from the past and passed generations. EXAMPLE: Legend of Pineapple Legend of Guava  FOLK TALE An imaginative narrative story told by ancient group of people through word of mouth.  TRIVIA The Malaya song of Moira Dela Torre was not originally a song, rather a poem. SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD (1565-1898) There was a rigorious shift in the system and culture of the Filipinos and these changes had to be absorbed by the people.  CHRISTIANIZATION Not just the biggest contribution of the Spaniards but also created a big impact in Philippine literature during the era. Spaniards attempted to teach Filipinos the Spanish language for they wanted their poems and other writings play a major role in the society. The first Filipino alphabet called baybayin was also replaced by the Roman alphabet. The natives were called Indios during this time. Church authorities headed by the friars were spreading church doctrines during holy mass using Spanish language. In 1953, Doctrina Christiana was the first book published in the Philippines. Indios became fluent in both Spanish and Tagalog. Ladinos is term used for native literary writers. Printing presses were dominated and owned by the religious ministries and Spanish church leaders until the middle class members decided to wage their propagandas and started to create reforms. Reformists were young men who had shown idealism and great faith in the Philippines. WHAT DO YOU THINK IS THE MAIN GOAL OF THE REFORMISTS? Their main goal is for Spain to grant assimilation in the Philippines and recognize it as one of their provinces.  THE TRIUMVIRATE GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA Dakilang orator Fray Botod Editor of La Solidaridad MARCELO H. DEL PILAR Dakilang Propagandista Founder of Diariong Tagalog Master of Tagalog language He wrote pamphlets JOSE RIZAL Dakilang Manunulat The National Hero Noli Me Tangere (work of the heart) El Filibusterismo (work of the mind) OTHER NOTABLE FILIPINOS FRANCISCO BALTAZAR Genius writer of Tagalog poetry. Florante at Laura ANDRES BONIFACIO Father of Katipunan Wrote the poem “Pag-Ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa” EMILIO JACINTO Brains of Katipunan Wrote political essays using folk language TEXTS IN SPANISH- COLONIAL PERIOD  RELIGIOUS DRAMA Distinctively medieval in character and closely related to the teachings of the church. Example: Cenakulo  ZARZUELA Considered as the Father of Drama. It is a musical comedy or melodrama that may depict men’s passion and emotion.  MORO-MORO Performed in a special stage usually during town fiestas often portraying the theme of trirumph of Christians over Muslims.  DUPLO AND BALAGTASAN A poetic struggle in speaking reasoning that gauges the debating skills of the people involved.  KORIDO Narrating or storytelling in the form of octosyllabic verse. Example: Ibong Adarna  TRIVIA The reason why local writers used pen name or pseudonym before is to hide their identity.  AMERICAN OCCUPATION American took place and brought contributions in the Philippines and its literature. Public school system was their biggest contribution in the country. Volunteer American teachers were the first teachers during their time but US government sent 600 American teachers aboard the Army Transport Thomas. English was chosen to be the second language of the country. Filipino writers greatly enjoyed the freedom of expression. This period signalled the growth of Philippine literature. THE PERIOD OF RE-ORIENTATION English was considered as the liteary vehicle in 1898. English as medium of instruction in teaching in 1900. Elementary used English in 1908. THE PERIOD OF IMITATION UP College Fabio in 1919 released collections of literary compositions written in English. They started imitating American and British writers. THE PERIOD OF SELF-DISCOVERY AND GROWTH The emergence of new themes in Philippine literature. Filipinos had mastered the way of writing using the English language.  TRIVIA During the American period, the favorite’s theme was love and youth. CONTEMPORARY PERIOD (1946-Present) This is considered as the “Rebirth of Freedom”. Tagalog literature was revolved and most themes revolved about Japanese brutalities. In 1920, Filipino themes had been neglected in favor of fantasy and romances brought by the influence of American. In 1920, short stories became the favorite literary type of prose among the Filipino writers. 1n 1930, Filipino writers inspired to follow the footsteps of American writers. In 1951, more Filipino writers were encouraged to produce more literary writings. This period is also the emergence of the New Society.  TRIVIA The first Filipino novel was “Ninay” written in Spanish by Pedro Paterno, a Philippine- born ilustrado.  CANONICAL WRITERS OF THE PHILIPPINES Canonical means recognized or accepted. Applying it to writers, they are described as canonical writers because of their great contribution in the Philippine Literature. AMADO V. HERNANDEZ Critic of the different social inequalities Writer for Tagalog newspaper “Watawat” Editor in Chief of “Mabuhay” AMADO V. HERNANDEZ In 1922, he joined as a member of Aklatang Bayan National Artist (1973) and Atang de la Rama for Theater and Music (1987) VALERIANO H. PEÑA A Filipino novelist He joined the staff of “Ang Kaluwagan” in the year 1900 which was replaced by “Kapatid ng Bayan” CECILIA MANGUERRA BRAINARD Worked with Asian-American Youth Outstanding Individual Award from the City of Cebu City of Los Angeles Cultural Grant LINDA TY CASPER A historical fiction writer She received grants from: Djerassi Foundation Commonwealth of Massachusetts Wheatland Foundation EDILBERTO K. TIEMPO He taught fiction and literary criticism for four years in American schools A writer, professor, and former Department Chair at Silliman University EDILBERTO K. TIEMPO He wrote Cry Slaughter in 1957 and was able to have four printing in New York and had hardbound edition in London and Europe. N.V.M. GONZALES He bridged the Filipino spirit in the urben and rural places. Bagged the First Commonwealth Literary Contest in 1940. N.V.M. GONZALES Republic Cultural Heritage Award (1960) Gawad Cultural Center of the Philippines Para sa Sining (1990) He wrote “Tomato Game” N.V.M. GONZALES U.P.’s International -Writer- In-Residence Board of Adviser of the U.P. Creative Writing Circa 1987 1997, he was conferred as National Artist FRANCISCO ARCELLANA The Master of words and storytelling National Artist (1990) Forefather of the modern Filipino short story in the English medium. FRANCISCO ARCELLANA Palanca LIterature Awardee (1951) through his work “The Flowers of May”. First Director of the Creative Writing Center in UP. In 60s and 70s, he was a regular panelist in National Summer Writers. NICK JOAQUIN Novelist, poet, playwright, essayist, and biographer In 1943, bestowed with a scholarship by the Dominican Ministry of Hong Kong for his essay “La Naval de Manila”. Renowned historian of the brief Golden Age of Spain. LUALHATI BAUTISTA Pioneer Filipino female writer in Contemporary Philippine Literary History Known for being a remarkable writer of women’s issues in the Philippines LUALHATI BAUTISTA She was the writer behind the film “Bata Bata Paano Ka Ginawa” that bagged the Best Story Award in 1999 FAMAS. F. SIONIL JOSE One of the most read Filipino Writer in the English medium He wrote “The Pretenders” Five amazing works of his won Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature OTHER CANONICAL WRITERS OF THE PHILIPPINES CARLOS ROMULO JOSE GARCIA VILLA CIRILO F. BAUTISTA VIRGILIO S. ALMARIO FRANCISCO LAZARO Y ANGELES Salamat! Thank you for listening