Philippine Colonial Period Literature (PDF)

Learning Objeectives: At the end of the lesson your are able to identify: the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary history from colonial to the contemporary representative texts and authors from each region. Compare and contrast the various 21st cen...

Learning Objeectives: At the end of the lesson your are able to identify: the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary history from colonial to the contemporary representative texts and authors from each region. Compare and contrast the various 21st century literary genres and the ones from the earlier genres/periods citing their elements, structures and traditions (EN12Lit-Id-25) Colonial Period SPANISH AMERICAN JAPANESE Colonial Period Colonial Period Colonial Period  Almost half a decade, after the documented discovery of the Philippines in 1521 during Ferdinand Magellan's of exploration marks the beginning of the colonial period. The Spaniards successfully colonized the Philippines for more than 300 years having evangelization as its main thrust.  Philippine literature had been polished by colonial experiences of Filipinos during Spanish Period, American Period, and Japanese Period.  Moreover, foreign encounters with neighboring countries were also significant parts of Filipinos' lives. All of these Eastern (Asia and Middle East) and Western influences (Europe and North America) have uniquely shaped the geopolitical, as well as economic conditions of the Philippines.  Eastern culture is more conservative and traditions, while Western culture is liberal, open, and blunt. Great consideration and respect for the elders is emphasized among Asian countries. On the other hand, Europeans and North Americans are quite expressive and have high regards for one's own decision-making. SPANISH Colonial Period (1565-1898) 1. SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD ✔ This can be divided into two major periods: Early Spanish Period (1565- 1863) and Later Part or Revolutionary Period (1864-1896). ✔ Early Spanish Period can be categorized as either religious or secular. Dimensions of Philippine Literature ü The introduction of the printing equipment called xylographic press by the Dominicans resulted in publication of various religious materials and earliest books. Dimensions of Philippine Literature ü Poetically inclined writers led by Tagalog versifiers called Ladinos (natives who were also fluent in Spanish) such as Fernándo Bágongbantâ and Tomas Pinpin tackled mostly morality and religion. Dimensions of Philippine Literature ü Folk songs still existed. ü Drama, as another type of literary genre, as well as metrical tales based on European origin (such as awit and corrido) flourished. Dimensions of Philippine Literature ✔ Diaryong Tagalog (1882), a Spanish-Tagalog newspaper, published bulk of Filipino writings. The publication signaled the open campaign for reforms. ✔ In 1889, the La Solidaridad, an underground newspaper, became the mouthpiece of the Reform Movement. BOOKS FOLK SONG RECREATIONAL PLAY NOVELS NEWSPAPER Books. In 1593, the book written by Fr. Juan de Placencia and Fr. Domingo Nieva entitled "Doctrina Cristiana" (The Christian Doctrine) was first printed. Among the other notable books printed are "Nuestra Señora del Rosario" by Fr. Blancas de San Jose,  Books: "Barláan at Jósaphát" (first published in 1708) translated from Greek to Tagalog by Fr. Antonio de Borja, and "Urbana at Felisa" by Modesto de Castro who is considered as the Father of Classic Prose in Tagalog.  The Doctrina Christiana were two early books on the catechism of the Catholic Church, both published 1593 in Manila, Philippines. These are two of the earliest printed books in the Philippines.  "Nuestra Señora del Rosario" Atlas’s most intricate work, Nuestra Señora del Rosario is a symbolic composition showing on the upper plane the statue of the Nuestra Señora del Rosario de la Naval (Our Lady of the Rosary of La Naval) venerated at the Santo Domingo Church in Intramuros, surrounded by vignettes of the 15 Mysteries of the Holy Rosary.  "Barláan at Jósaphát” Also known as Bilawhar and Budhasaf, are Christian saints. Their life story was based on the life of the Gautama Buddha, who historically lived several centuries before Jesus. Folk Songs. These were songs modified based on the folkways of Filipinos during this period. Recreational Plays. These were mostly poetic in nature and intended to be performed during the Spanish era. Cenaculo, Carillo, Zarzuela, Moro-Moro, Balagtasan, Duplo, and Karagatan are among the examples.  Novels. These are fictitious prose usually lengthy and complex in nature. Pedro Paterno's work entitled "Ninay" is the first novel published by a Filipino author. This was originally written in Spanish language and translated into English and Tagalog in 1907 and 1908.  Newspapers. There has been a debate on whether newspapers should be categorized as literature or not. However, according to Britannica, some high level journalism like articles written in a newspaper such as columns and feature articles can be considered as literature for as long as they achieve a certain level of satisfaction under aesthetic, chronological, and psychological characterization  Newspapers. Bulk of Filipino writings produced were mostly published in Diaryong Tagalog. The underground newspaper La Solidaridad is considered as the mouthpiece of the Reform Movement  Francisco Baltazar (1788-1862) was hailed as the "Master of Traditional Tagalog Poetry". His well-known literary work, Florante at Laura (1838–1861), is regarded as the most famous metrical romance of the country. Pedro Paterno (1857–1911) was the first Filipino who wrote poetry collection in Spanish entitled Sampaguitas y poesias varias (1880). His novel in Spanish Ninay (1885) was considered to be the first Filipino novel.  Jose Rizal (1861–1896), a prominent ilustrado and the country’s national hero, is famous for the novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. These novels portray the corruption and abuse of the Spanish officials and the clergy.  Andres Bonifacio (1863–1897), the founder of the Katipunan, wrote the poem “Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa” which appeared in the official newspaper of the Katipunan called Kalayaan in March 1896. Leona Florentino (1849–1884), known as the “Mother of Philippine Women’s Literature,” was a poet in both Ilocano and Spanish. Twenty of her poems were preserved and exhibited in Europe and were included in the Encyclopedia International des Oeuvres des Femme in 1889. AMERICAN Colonial Period (1910-1945) ✔ American colonial period is divided into two periods: the period of apprenticeship (1910- 1930) and the period of emergence (1920-1930). ✔ The surrender of first Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo in 1901 signified the end of the military struggle for independence.  ✔ Aguinaldo promised allegiance to America but still continued to be very vocal of achieving independence for the Philippines. ✔ In 1935, Aguinaldo was soundly defeated by Manuel L. Quezon as the first President of the Commonwealth. ✔ During the transition period many Filipino writers still preferred to write in Spanish since English was still a foreign language to them. ✔ Filipino writers were into all forms of literature during the period of apprenticeship but most of their works were critiqued as an imitation of English and American models  ✔ Short stories became the most prevalent literary form during the latter part of American colonial period. ✔ The existence of American literary works and periodicals as well as the coming of American teachers encouraged many aspiring Filipino writers to use the English language.  ✔ A new type of literature began when American system of education and English language were introduced. ✔ At the beginning, most of the literary works written in English were considered imitative in nature, but then later on evolved to a new variety of subjects,  styles, and conventions of writing. ✔ Common theme in plays was all about nationalism.  Short Stories. These are stories that can typically be read in one sitting revolving around one subject and may range between 1,000 up to 20,000 words. The first short story written in English is entitled "Dead Stars" by Paz Marquez Benitez. ü Juan C. Laya. He won first prize for his novel "His Native Soil" in the First Commonwealth Literary Awards in 1940. ü Zoilo M. Galang. His work entitled "A Child of Sorrow" in 1921 is considered as the first Filipino novel in English. JAPANESE Colonial Period ((1942-1945) ü Japan invaded the Philippines on December 8, 1941 which was strongly opposed by the Guerillas. ü Captured soldiers and American deportees were forced to have "Death March" to a prison camp where they walked for 100 kilometers from Mariveles, Bataan To San Fernando, Pampanga. An estimated 10,000 prisoners died here ü Aguinaldo cooperated with the Japanese to end Filipino and American opposition. ü Japanese colonizers failed to gain the trust of Filipinos. ü The resurgence of World War II forced former President Manuel L. Quezon and Vice-President Sergio Osmeña Sr. to immediately leave the Philippines and sought residence in the United States as the Commonwealth government was suddenly in exile.  ü There was a great tension between the two major groups: HUKBALAHAP (unified guerilla army against Japanese invasion) and KALIBAPI (political party approved by the Japanese). ü Jose P. Laurel was appointed as the President of the Philippines under the Japanese-sponsored Republic ü In 1942, Mc Arthur escaped but promised to return which he did in 1944. The US victory in the battle of Leyte gulf signaled the beginning of Philippine ü liberation from the Japanese ü All forms of writings were censored during this timebecause there was no freedom of speech and of the press. ü Only those who were living in the United States such as Carlos P. Romulo and Manuel L. Quezon could write freely.  ü The use of English language was stopped in almost all publications and only Tagalog and the vernaculars were permitted. ü Few literary works were printed and mostly considered as pessimistic and ü bitter according to the author Victoria Abelardo. ü Another type of poetry that emerged is the Haiku consisting of three lines with 5-7-5 syllables or 17 syllabic poetry in all. ü Tagalog short stories flourished and some of the best works were compiled by the Liwayway magazine editors in Ang Pinakamabuting Maikling Kathang Pilipino ng 1943. ü Some notable stories were “Lupang Tinubuan” by Narciso G. Reyes, “Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa” by Liwayway Arceo, “Nayon at Dagat-dagatan” by N. V.M. Gonzalez, and “Suyuan sa Tubigan” by Macario Pineda. gained popularity.  ü Among the other types of literature emerged were (e.g. "Literature and Society" by Salvador P. Lopez) and autobiography (e.g. "The Good Fight" by Manuel Quezon) ü Carlos P. Romulo. He won the Pulitzer Prize for his notable works such as "I Saw the Fall of the Philippines", "I See the Philippines Rise", "Mother America", and "My Brother Americans". üNarciso Reyes. He won first prize with his short story "Lupang Tinubuan".  21st Century Literature of the Philippines and the World (Gr.12 and 11 Humss) INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY I AM A SUPERHERO: Do the following tasks in a yellow sheet of paper. Minimum of 5 sentences each. A. If given the chance to travel through time and change something from the past to solve the current problem/s of our nation, in which colonial period era would you prefer to go back and why? Explain the things you will do as you travel. B. Jose Rizal used the power of writing to educate his fellow countrymen. As a modern day hero, how will you use the power of writing for the betterment of your country? What specific problems in our country will you focus on?  E ND!!!!! THE