Period of Re-orientation PDF

PERIOD OF RE-ORIENTATION Learning Objectives 1. Understand the Historical Context 2. Identify Key Literary Figures 3. Analyze Early Literary Works Period of Re-orientation (1898-1910) The Period of Re-orientation covered the early years of American period and the landing of the Americans...

PERIOD OF RE-ORIENTATION Learning Objectives 1. Understand the Historical Context 2. Identify Key Literary Figures 3. Analyze Early Literary Works Period of Re-orientation (1898-1910) The Period of Re-orientation covered the early years of American period and the landing of the Americans to Philippine shores including the Philippine-American War. Even during the war, the Americans established public school system in areas that have been pacified. English language as a literary vehicle came with the American occupation in August 13, 1898.  By 1900, English came to be used as a medium of instruction in the public schools.  The first English teachers were the American soldiers stationed in various areas. Later on, the professional teachers arrived via US Army transport ship “USS Thomas” hence, these pioneering teachers were called “Thomasites”  By 1908, the primary and intermediate grades were using English. It was also about this time when UP, the forerunner in the use of English in higher education, was founded. There were not much of literary works produced during the period as Filipino writers were still adjusting to:  the idea of democracy  the new phraseology of the English language ○ standards of the English literary style EL RENACIMIENTO Became the most famous Spanish-language Filipino newspaper which was brilliantly written but obsessed with the micro-politics of the period. It became the object of several libel suits from American officials. This was established in Manila and its first issue came out on September 1, 1901, with Rafael Palma as editor. PHILIPPINES FREE PRESS Founded by R. McCullough Dick & D. Theo Rogers was the first privately owned publication to publish English works of Filipino writers. They pay the Filipino writers when their work was chosen to be published. The Philippines Free Press was established in 1907 and was the oldest news weekly in the Philippines. Not only did it chronicle the country's development, it also served as a literary and political force, and exponent of clear, concise writing and the highest quality in editing. “The Dominicans are believed to have established the first printing press in the Philippines in 1593. In the same year, the Doctrina Christiana en Lengua Española y Tagala, the first book to be printed in the Philippines was produced.” This is from the first edition published in 1960 Marcelo H. Del Pilar EXPLANATORY NOTE Marcelo H. Del Pilar is the most famous journalist in our history and is also considered as the father of Philippine Journalism. PIONEER FILIPINO ENGLISH WRITERS Justo Juliano wrote “Sursum Corda” as the first literary work published in English in 1907. Juan F. Salazar wrote “My Mother” and “Air Castles” which were published in 1909 Proceso Sebastian wrote "To my Lady in Laoag" which was published in 1909. Period of Imitation (1910-1924). This period was characterized by the Filipino writers imitating the American and English writers. The UP College Folio, the school publication of the University of the Philippines, published literary compositions in English written by the pioneers in English poetry, essays and short stories. Period of Imitation Poets Fernando Maramag wrote the "Rural Maid." Other poets include: Juan F. Salazar Jose M. Hernandez Vicente del Fierro Francisco Tonogbanua Maximo Kalaw Vidal A. Tan Francisco Africa Victoriano Yamzon Period of Imitation Essay writers Essay was a Filipino literary genre that was born in the Period of Imitation. The following essayists wrote Formal essays which were truly scholarly, full of sobriety, substance and structure. Pioneers in formal essay include: Carlos P. Romulo Jorge C. Bocobo Mauro Mendez  Vicente Hilario JUSTO JULIANO Justo Juliano was born on December 6, 1887, in Manila, and passed away on January 28, 1972, in Zephyrhills, Florida. He’s specifically 84 years old when he died. He married Josephine (née Meyer), and they two sons and a daughter. Juliano worked as a teacher at Paco Intermediate School in Manila and served as the editor of Filipino Teacher and secretary of the Philippine Teacher’s Association (PTA). However, after the publication of his poem, he was pressured to resign from both his teaching position and his roles within the PTA. Despite this, he was re-elected as general secretary of the PTA in May 1910. His dismissal was not due to the poem itself but to his political views, which violated the Sedition Law enacted by the U.S. Congress, prohibiting public support for Philippine independence and the display of the Philippine flag. Refusing to renounce his anti-colonial stance against American occupation, he was forced to leave his job as a government teacher. He then pursued further education at the University of Chicago. To support himself, Dr. Juliano taught Spanish and eventually became the head of the Spanish Department at Carl Schurz High School in Chicago, where he remained until his retirement in 1953. "Sursum Corda," means "Lift up Your Hearts". This piece holds the distinction of being the first Filipino poem published in English, appearing in the Philippine Free Press in 1907. Dr. Justo Juliano likely wrote "Sursum Corda" as a response to the socio-political climate of the Philippines under American colonial rule. SALAZAR JUAN  Born on 1889 at San Roque, Cavite.  Died later on because of Pneumonia.  Development of Filipino-English literature  He left Manila High-School for newspaper work. In 1913, he joined The Philippine Republic, a Filipino weekly in Hong-Kong. He returned to the country as a reporter for La Democracia and El Renacimiento Filipino. Later joined The Sacramento Union in California where he rose from reporter to copyreader to feature writer. My Mother I wish to write of my mother, Her beautiful raven tresses My mother loving and kind, Are fading to winter's gray, Who to me, more than any other, But the weal of her caresses Is the idol of my mind. Grows greater everyday. She cared for me in my boyhood Her face, like an angel's, grow brighter With a care that can never be told With the passing of the years, And that love in the years of manhood And her voice makes the dark places lighter Is even more precious than gold. As she wipes away my tears. I was often wayward and reckless, My mother, my beautiful mother, But she loved me just the same; Thank God for your life sublime, And when I was cruel and heartless You have taught us sisters and brother, Her heart condoned the same. The noblest lesson of time. No task was too great for her fingers; That for others our lives should be given Now, they're wrinkled, twisted and bent; That our actions should always be right; Ah, my memory fondly lingers Your reward is secured up in heaven, Oh her ministries, heaven sent. A crown in the mansion's light Air Castles My life's tomorrow beckons me I do not care for fame, as he, From distant mountains, high and low, Enthroned, was like unto a god; My future seems a boundless sea, The depth he reached are dark, to me, Where moving passions come and go. But I will grope the ways he trod. Deep in my heart Ambition dwells; I wear achievement's coronet, He cheers me up the highland way, For blest are they who see things done! And guides me through the hills and dells And all my cares I soon forget Wherein I pass the busy day. When I have wrought my work alone. I cannot write with Shakespeare's pen, If I be met by adverse Fate, But I can love with Shakespeare's heart; And all my dreams be but in vain, I love his skill, his craft of men, Then must I work the harder yet His mastery of poet's art. With high resolve to try again. SEBASTIAN PROCESO  Born on January 26, 1892 in Claveria in the Philippine pro Cagayak  He was the son of Gregorio Sebastian and Filomena Esmeria Sebastian  Completed bachelor's degree law from the/niversity of the Philippines 1915  Proceso Sebastian wrote "To my Lady in Laoag in 1909.