Lesson 1 - Influential People - PERDEV PDF

Lesson 1: Knowing and Understanding Oneself During Ideal self is the self that you aspire to be. It is the one that Middle and Late Adolescence you hope will possess characteristics similar to that of a...

Lesson 1: Knowing and Understanding Oneself During Ideal self is the self that you aspire to be. It is the one that Middle and Late Adolescence you hope will possess characteristics similar to that of a mentor or some other worldly figure Know Thyself is an old maxim or aphorism which in time has been used in varied literature and consequently gained Actual self is the one that you actually see. It is the self that different meanings. One of its meanings is recorded in the has characteristics that you were nurtured or, in some Greek encyclopedia of knowledge called “The Suda” cases, born to have. The actual self and the ideal self are two broad categories of self-concept. Thomas Hobbes also discusses his won views about the maxim from which he used the phrase ‘’read thyself’’ in his Self-concept refers to your awareness of yourself. It is the famous work The Leviathan. He stressed that an individual construct that negotiates these two selves. In other words, it could learn more by studying others and that he/she can do connotes first the identification of the ideal self as separate this by engaging himself/herself to reading books. However, from others, and second, it encompasses all the behaviors Hobbes emphasizes that a person learns more y studying evaluated in the actual self that you engage in to reach the oneself. ideal self. The actual self is built on self-knowledge. SELF CONCEPT Self-knowledge is derived from social interactions that  is ones abstract and general idea about him/herself provide insight into how others react to you. The actual self particularly toward his/her unique personality and is who we actually are. It is how we think, how we feel, look, his/her own perception about his/her set of values, and act. The actual self can be seen by others, but because point of views and behavior. we have no way of truly knowing how others view us, the  Self-concept theory has a lot of suppositions regarding actual self is our self-image. The ideal self, on the other how people learn to judge themselves. Among these hand, is how we want to be. It is an idealized image that we Sincero named three aspects such as: have developed over time, based on what we have learned and experienced. The ideal self could include components of 1. Self-concept is learned. what our parents have taught us, what we admire in others, This explains that no individual is born with self-concept. A what our society promotes, and what we think is in our best person will soon develop this as he/she grows old. This interest. means that self-concept can only be acquired as soon as the person learns how to mingle with others and so this indicates that self-concept is influenced by the person’s environment PERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS and can be a product of the person’s socialization.  Means of using all the personal resources, talents, skills, 2. Self-concept is organized. energy This means that a person may hear other people’s point of view regarding himself/herself but will keep on believing that 8 Skills that we need to acquire what he/she thinks of himself/herself is always the right one. 1. Determination Change on one’s perceptions towards himself/herself, It allows you to focus only in achieving a specific goal however, may also be possible but it takes time. without being distracted by less important things or spontaneous desires. It may be developed with the help 3. Self-concept is dynamic. of self-discipline exercise. As an individual grows older, he/she continues to encounter problems or challenges that may reveal his/her self-concept in that particular time or situation. Thus, self-concept 2. Self-Confidence undergoes development as the person goes through It appears in the process of personal development as a different experiences. result of getting aware of yourself, your actions and their consequences. Self-confidence is manifested in speech, Three components of personality within us: appearance, dressing, gait, and physical condition. To develop it, you need to learn about yourself and your 1. Id  Developed at a young age or present from birth. capabilities, gain positive attitude and believe that by  Freud explained that man’s personality is driven by performing right actions and achieving right goals you will pleasure principle, this means that the nature ID is to certainly reach success. satisfy man’s desire without thinking much of the situations. 3. Persistence Ex. An infant crying because she/he is hungry It makes you keep moving forward regardless of emerging 2. Ego obstacles- problems, laziness, bad emotional state, etc. It  Developed at approximately at the age of three. reduces the costs of overcoming obstacles. It can also be  Will give more socially accepted means of getting the developed with the help of self-discipline exercise. 4. Managing Stress desires and wants of a person without getting to hurt other’s feeling. It helps combat stress that arises in daily life from the  Its job is to provide a man some guidelines on how to environment and other people. Stress arises from the behave accordingly while he fulfilled his pleasure. uncertainty in an unknown situation when a lack of Ex. When we try to satisfy our cravings without information creates the risk of negative consequences of compromising our self-image to others. your actions. It increases efficiency. In the actively changing 3. Superego environment.  Freud believed that this aspect begins to manifest as a 5. Problem-solving skills child turns 5.  Holds our moral judgements or concept of right and They help cope with the problems encountered with a lack wrong, that are believed to be acquired from the family of experience. It increases efficiency by adopting new ways and the environment. of achieving goals when obtaining a new experience.  Directs a man’s life for him to avoid hurting others. 6. Creativity Self It allows to find extraordinary ways to carry out a specific action that no one has tried to use. It can lead to decrease  separate, self-contained, independent, unitary or an increase of costs. But usually, the speed of action is  unique from others greatly increased when using creative tools.  7. Generating ideas 5. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) It helps you achieve goals using new, original, Definitions of the symptom’s complex knowns as attention- unconventional ideas. For generating idea, you can use a deficit/hyperactivity disorder differ, but severe problems with method of mental maps which allows you to materialize, concentration or attention and/or hyperactivity are estimated visualize and scrutinize all your ideas, which in turn to affect adolescents. Six times as many boys as girls are contributes to the emergence of new ideas. affected. 8. Experience 6. School Phobia Includes knowledge and skills that we acquire in the Also called school refusal , is defined as a persistent and process of cognitive and practical activities. irrational fear of going to school. The Most Common Challenges That Adolescents 7. Learning Disabilities Experience Affect the individuals with normal or above normal intelligence receive, store, organize, retrieve, and use 1. Biological Challenges information. Learning problems involving reading, spelling, The changes that occur due to sexual hormones that affect writing, reasoning, and mathematics. emotions. Mood changes can increase which can have an impact on relationship both at home with parents and SOCIAL ISSUES siblings and peers at school. 1. Sexual Abuse 2. Cognitive Challenges A sexual act forced upon woman, man, or child without their Is the time when people develop cognitively from ‘’ concrete consent. Sexual abuse includes abuse by other man, operations/thinking’’ to ‘’formal operations/thinking’’ , so woman, or child. they are able to deal with ideas, concepts, and abstract theories. 2. Substance Abuse 3. Psychological Challenges Drinking too much beer and liquor, using drugs. As adolescents continue their journey of self-discovery, they continually adjust to new experiences even biologically 3. Influence of Mass Media and socially, which can be both stressful and anxiety- Adolescents spend a significant amount of time in viewing provoking. and interacting with electronic devices in the form of TV, radio, cellphone, and computers. Mass media activate and Health Issues of Adolescence reinforce attitude and contribute significantly in the formation 1. Anorexia Nervosa of new attitudes and will continue to affect children's Teenagers with anorexia may take extreme measure to cognitive and social development. avoid eating and to control the quantity and quality of the foods they eat. They may become abnormally thin and still 4. Impact of Social Media talk about feeling fat. In an article by Dr. Shamard Charles (2012), he summarized 2. Bulimia Nervosa that "recent studies have shown that more social media use Teenagers typically ‘binge and purge’ by engaging in is associated with increased reported symptoms of social uncontrollable episodes of overeating (bingeing) usually anxiety, social isolation, and feelings of loneliness." Another followed by compensatory behavior such as: purging effect of social media is an intense feeling of isolation. through vomiting, use of laxatives, enemas, fasting, or excessive exercise. INFLUENTIAL PEOPLE IN MY LIFE People normally look up to influential personalities who Mental Health Disorder have shown greatness in terms of leadership, intelligence, 1. Anxiety Disorder creativity, talents, and charisma. They usually listen to their  Characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear. strong belief system that brings so much inspiration and Anxiety is a worry about future events, and fear is a positive energy to other’s life. reaction to current events. These feelings may cause physical symptoms, such as a fast heat rate and 1. Parents shakiness.  Parents are the first people who introduce you to life.  Overthinking too much  They provide shelter, protection, and a sense of 2. Mood Disorder security no matter what happens.  The development of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to identifiable stressors that occur within 3  The concept of home is formed coupled with love and months of the onset of the stressors. Here, low mood, many sacrifices that either your mother or father is willing to give. When you want to hear an honest tearfulness, or feelings of hopelessness are predominant. opinion about the things you need to improve, they  Sudden changes of emotions would never hesitate to tell you exactly what needs to be done. 3. Major Depression Disorder (MDD)  Parents play the largest role in a person's mental, A period at least 2 weeks during which there is either emotional, physical, and social development. depressed mood or the loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities. In children and adolescents, the mood may be  They teach you the first valuable lessons in life that irritable rather than sad. became an integral part of your personality as you continue to discover the world. 4. Bipolar Disorder  They get involved with your education and are happy to A period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, see you achieve and discover potential. or irritable mood and abnormally and persistency increased activity or energy, lasting at least 4 consecutives days and  Parents advices are far more important than any other present most of the day, nearly every day, that requires people's devices in terms of making sound decisions in hospitalization. life. 2. Siblings Family- most important agents of socialization  Siblings’ are friends within a family, Peers- great deal in your life  They extend valuable help whenever you are in need Teachers- special agents in school of assistance Community Leaders- to provide selfless leaders or  They teach you the concept of socialization, mutual individuals in the future understanding, and respect.  Like friendship, your relationship with your sister or RESPONSIBILITY brother requires communication and acceptance. As you grow older you realize their significant part in your Responsibility life and continue to establish close ties among therm.  is any moral, legal or mental obligation or duty that is  Although disagreements are normal part among directly or indirectly entrusted to you by the people siblings, it is important to understand that all of you around from which you are held accountable for have sets of differences. whatever consequences or circumstance that may  Sibling bond is nothing compared with any other bonds. arrive in the future. in the world if its foundation is anchored with much love and appreciation  as he/she gets older and learned things such as 3. Friends principles and laws that constitute to being responsible  Friends are like extended siblings who came from for one’s own actions, he/she is little by little taking a different families. bulk of responsibility on his/her shoulder. Responsibility  They give us a sense of belongingness for an individual is part of growing up. This means no one can do away would always want to be part of something. with having sets of responsibility. Out of this, we can  Friends also teach us the value of love, respect. also conclude that being responsible is part of every understanding, and acceptance. man’s life.  They help us improve in our social connection, emotional stability, and inspires our intellectual Common Responsibilities Of Adolescents capacity. 1. Show respect to elders.  True friends support only what is good and reject what 2. Take care of the younger ones. is not. They refuse to tolerate unacceptable behavior 3. Study well. and seek to correct your shortcomings. 4. Avoid engaging to bad vices.  Friends bring out the best in a person and they share 5. Establish a good identify. mutual interest, hobbies, and aspirations. 6. Earn the trust of the people around. 4. Teachers 7. Distinguish good company from bad influence.  Teachers are the second parents in school. 8. Know yourself better.  They help you improve your intellectual and emotional capacity to handle difficult situations life. How to become capable and responsible person in  They guide you to understand the valuable lessons preparation for adult life? about life that would last for a lifetime. 1. Know your priority  Their influence does not fade because they provide  Putting the most important things at the top of exceptional impact towards self-realization and self- your priority is the best strategy for you to have discovery. a good sense of direction. Having this enables  Teachers walk along the progress of the leaners; that you to identify your goal and keep your makes it more memorable and enduring for life. concentration on it.  Good teachers inspire learners to do better in making 2. Have focus decisions  Prioritizing things out leads you to set your eyes  Being the role model in class, they set example to to the most important things. This will maximize leaners who need much guidance in school. your strong determination to accomplish your 5. Community Leaders goals. This will give you a clear mind and a clear  Community leaders provide network connections and objective as well. linkages among other parts of the community. 3. Be decisive  They inspire adolescents to get involved with  Being responsible is equal to being decisive. community services through outreach programs, social Decision making is one of the life skills that activities, and volunteer works. teeners must have.  They model innovation to help improve the community 4. Work diligently whom they serve.  For you to claim that you are such a responsible  Effective leaders set inspiration to others by setting a person you must have several outputs to let good example by following the policies that they try to people see how responsible person are you. implement. Working with your job is different from working  Using their charisma, they tend to persuade others to diligently with your duties. follow them; thus, they can generate many programs to 5. Don’t count at all address the needs of the people.  A real hard-working person does not count  Adolescents like you can learn from their his/her duties instead he/she works with the goal accomplishments and may get inspired to become of finishing all the tasks. servant-leaders in the future. 6. Stay humble  Having not to count what you have successfully Agents of Socialization accomplished will help you keep your feet on the Self-improvement comes with an effective interaction of the ground. A responsible person need not to boast different agencies within society. every now and then.  Parents 7. Love your duty  Siblings,  Your passion towards the fulfilment of your  Peers duties can serve as the fuel that will make you  Teacher capable of fulfilling even the most impossible  Community Leaders task and challenging duty. 8. Dedicate time Examples Of Bad Stress  Loving your duty is not complete without 1. Death of a family member dedicating your time. Being responsible 2. Losing a job individual also requires you to dedicate enough 3. Failed to submit task on time amount of time. 4. Hospitalization STRESS Effects of Stress  a condition characterized by symptoms of physical Too much stress can affect your mood, behavior, action, or emotional tension. performance, and even your relationships. It is important to  Can be positive ( the excitement of preparing for you help yourself identify signs of stress, how it affects you, and 18th birthday) and negative (dealing with a loss of what you can do about it. The following are some examples family member). of positive stressors and negative stressors.  is a simple reaction to an input that disturbs our physical and mental balance. It is ever present in Some good effects of positive stress: everyone’s life in various situations and activities. 1. motivate individual to pursue his goal Therefore, you are not exempted from experiencing 2. create positive effect in every human endeavor stress. 3. boost someone's morale 4. benefit good health / create good immune system Stressors 5. increases performance  Demanding or threatening events, these events can 6. become more responsible cause stress the organism’s biological and behavioral 7. handle things lightly response to the stressors. 8. enhance memory 9. drive to surpass previous achievement Different people have different stresses. As a student, you 10. improve decisions too, have various stressors. These are the commonly cited 11. help someone to grow more with pleasant attitude causes of stress of the students: 12. has a positive views for the future  Peers  Examinations Some of the bad effects of negative stress:  Making portfolios 1. Depression  Returning to study 2. Aggressive behavior  Poor time management 3. Suicidal tendency  Bullying 4. Involvement in fighting  Overcrowding 5. Involvement in gambling  Noise 6. Taking alcohol and drugs  Meeting the deadlines 7. Early marriage  Difficulty in organizing work 8. Peer pressure  Various tasks from each subject 9. Develop fatigue  Leaving assignments to the last minute 10. Irritability  Adjusting to life as senior high school students 11. Withdrawing from people  Parents or problems at home 12. Changes in sleeping and eating habit  Balancing between family and school  Difficulties with personal relationships (e.g. What are some signs that a teen or adolescent is Infatuation, crushes) suffering from stress?  Increased complaints of headache, stomachache, THE GOOD STRESS AND THE BAD STRESS muscle pain  Crying most of the time. Two Types Of Stress  Withdrawing from people and activities. 1. Eustress  Increased anger or irritability  which is term for positive stress or good stress  Feelings of hopeless.  can motivate someone to regain enthusiasm in their  Chronic anxiety and nervousness endeavor, it can give excitement to revitalize  Changes in sleeping and eating habits performance  Lack concentration Cause of Good Stress  Experimentation with drugs or alcohol. Good stress is the type of stress you feel when you are  Hangouts with friends excited. Your hormones surges high and your pulse quickens. You feel that you are far from stress. Stress as Stimulus, Response and Relational Examples Of Good Stress 1. Stress as Stimulus 1. when starting a new job  Researchers have conceptualized stress as a 2. getting married demanding or threatening event or situation (e.g., a 3. traveling high-stress job, overcrowding, and long commutes to 4. riding a rollercoaster. work). Such conceptualizations are known as Stress as stimulus definitions because they characterize stress as 2. Dystress a stimulus that causes certain reactions.  which refers to negative stress or bad stress Cause of Bad Stress 2. Stress as Response It happens when you feel stressors that burden you and put  “response of the body to any demand, whether it is you in a seemingly hopeless situation which hinders your caused by, or results in, pleasant or unpleasant problem-solving capability. Chronic stress is the response to conditions” (Selye, 1976, p. 74). Selye’s definition of emotions that bring pressure to an individual wherein they stress is responsebased in that it conceptualizes stress think that they have little or no control on the situations. chiefly in terms of the body’s physiological reaction to These stresses may cause anxiety. any demand that is placed on it. 3. Stress as Relational  When a person is experiencing stress takes a step back to look at the situation that is causing the stress and reflect on it. Mental Health  a condition of being sound mentally and emotionally that is characterized by the absence of mental illness and by adequate adjustment especially as reflected in feeling comfortable about oneself. It is also a positive feeling about others, and the ability to meet the demands of daily life.  A good mental health does not necessarily mean being happy or successful all the time. Most people feel depressed, lonely, or anxious now and then, but those with good mental health can take these feelings in stride and overcome them. When such feelings or moods persist and interfere with a person’s ability to function normally, though, it may be a sign of a more serious mental health problem and time to seek help  Having a good mental health means that you are stable enough to face challenges brought by the different daily circumstances. Whatever life may bring to you, you can ‘bounce back’ and get to action again. Mental Health Indicators 1. 2. Psychological Well-being  Self-acceptance. Personal growth including openness to new experience, optimism, hopefulness, purpose in life, control of one’s environment, spiritually, self-direction, and positive relationships. 3. Social Well-being  Social acceptance, belief in the potential of people and society, personal self-worth and usefulness to society and sense of community.