Community Health Nursing Lesson 1 & 2 PDF

COMMUNITY HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING NURSING It is a special field of nursing that combines the skills of nursing, public health and some phases of...

COMMUNITY HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING NURSING It is a special field of nursing that combines the skills of nursing, public health and some phases of social assistance (World Health Organization) It is synthesis of nursing practice and public Functions as part of the total public health health applied to promoting and preserving the programme for the promotion of health, the health of populations improvement of the conditions, in the social and (ANA,1980) physical environment, rehabilitation of illness and disability Focus of the community health nursing is the community as a whole, with nursing care of According to Dr. C.E Winslow, public health is individuals, families and groups being provided the science and art of: within the context of promoting and preserving the health of the community (Association of - Preventing diseases Community Health Nursing Educators, 1990) - Prolonging life According to Ruth B. Freeman, it refers to a - Promoting health and efficiency service rendered by a professional nurse with communities, group, families, individuals at home, PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE in health centers, in clinics, in schools, in places of work for the: Refers to the nurses in the local/national health departments or public schools whether their - Promotion of health official position title is public Health Nurse or - Prevention of illness Nurse school nurse - Care of the sick at home and rehabilitation Starts with a Salary Grade 15 Four Levels of Clientele Roles & Functions Individuals Planner/Programmer Family Identifies the health needs, priorities and problems Population of individuals, families, and community Community Nursing Care Provider Subspecialties Provides nursing care to the sick, disabled in School Nursing the home, clinic, school, or place of work Occupational Health Nursing Community Mental Health Nursing Manager/Supervisor Public Health Nursing Formulates and implements nursing plan for COMMUNITY – BASED NURSING individual, family, group, community It is a philosophy of care in which the care is Leads and encourages them to address their provided as clients and their families move health needs and solve their health problems among various service outside of hospitals. @MFToledo Community Organizer Good physical and mental health Motivates and enhances community participation Interest and willingness to work in the community Initiates and participates in community Capacity and ability to: development activities Relate the practice with on-going community health and health related activities Service Coordinator Work cooperatively with other disciplines and Collaborates with individuals, families, and members of the community groups for health and health services Accept and take actions needed to improve Health Educator/Counselor/Trainer self and service Conducts health teaching, training and counseling Analyze combination of factors and conditions that influence health of populations Trains and educates rural health midwives Acts as a resource speaker on health and health related Apply nursing process in meeting the health services and nursing needs of the community Mobilize resources in the community Health Monitor Monitors the status of the individuals, families With leadership potential and groups through various contacts Resourcefulness and creativity Role Model Active membership to professional nursing organizations Sets as good example of healthful, living to the individuals, families, and community Change Agent Motivates changes in the health behavior of individual, families and community Reported/ Recorder/Statistician Records every nursing interventions Updates existing data base Makes statistical analysis of data for interpretation Researcher Uses observation, interview, survey questionnaire, physical exam, and other methods in the assessment of individuals, families, and community Qualifications of Public Health Nurses Graduate of Bachelor of Science in Nursing and a Registered Nurse @MFToledo PHILIPPINE RN2026 HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM Public Sector Goal Health Sector Reform Agenda (HSRA) Department of Health Health Sector reform is the overriding goal of Serve as national policy and DOH regulatory institution. Provide leadership in Leadership in formulation, monitoring, and FRAMEWORK Health evaluation of national policies, FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HSRA plans and programs. Serve as advocate in the adoption of FOURmula ONE for Health (2005-2010) health policies, plans and programs of the FOURmula One of Health Innovate new strategies in health Goals Better Health Outcomes Exercise oversight functions Enabler and and monitoring and evaluation More responsive health systems Capacity of national health plans, Equitable health care financing programs, and policies Ensure the highest achievable Four Elements of the Strategy standards of quality health care, health promotion, and Health Financing health protection 1. To foster greater, better and sustained Manage selected national investments in health (PHILHEALTH) health facilities and hospitals with modern and advanced Administrator Health Regulation facilities of specific Administer direct services for 2. Services To ensure the quality and affordability of emergent health concerns that require new complicated health goods and services technologies Administer health emergency 3. Health Service Delivery response To improve and ensure the accessibility and availability of basic and essential Vision health care Filipinos are among the healthiest people in Southeast Asia by 2022, and Asia by 2040 4. Good Governance To enhance health system performance Mission at the national and local levels. To lead the country in the development of a productive, resilient, equitable and people- centered health system @MFToledo LOCAL Health Facilities District or provincial hospital and other health services deciding to work together as an HEALTH SYSTEM integrated health system RA 7160 - Local Government Code All structures, personnel, and budgetary Health Workers allocations from the provincial health level down Right unit of health providers is needed to deliver to the barangays were DEVOLVED to the Local comprehensive health services. Government Units to facilitate health service delivery Objectives of Local Health System Establish local health system Upgrade the health care management and service capabilities of local health facilities Promote inter-LGU linkages and cost sharing schemes Foster participation of the private sector, non- government organizations and community Inter Local Health System It is a system of health care similar to a district health system System that is being espoused by the DOH in order to ensure quality of health care service Composition of Inter-Local Health Zone People Ideal health district would have a population size between 100,000 to 500,000 for optimum efficiency and effectiveness Boundaries Clear boundaries between inter Local Health Zones determine the accountability and responsibility of health service providers @MFToledo PRIMARY RN2024 HEALTH CARE (PHC) Levels of Primary Health Care Worker Adopted in the Philippines through: Village/Barangay Health Workers 1. Letter of instruction (LOI) 949 Refers to trained community health workers or Signed by President Marcos on October 19, 1979 health auxiliary volunteer or a traditional birth attendant or healer Underlying theme: “Health in the Hands of the People by 2020” Intermediate Level Health Workers 2. Characterized by partnership and empowerment of General medical practitioners or their assistants. the people that shall permeate as the core strategy E.g. Public Health Nurse, Rural Sanitary in the effective provision of essential health Inspectors and Midwiwes, Rural Health services that are community- based, accessible, Physician acceptable, and sustainable at a cost, which the community and the government can afford. Levels of Health Care and Health Referral System 1. Primary Level of care Elements/Components of PHC Devolved to the cities and municipalities Health care provided by center physicians, Ducation for health public health nurses, rural health midwiwes, E barangay health workers, traditional healers ocally Endemic and Communicable Disease L Control and Treatment Examples E xpanded Program on Immunization Barangay Health Stations Rural Health Unit M Aternal and Child Health and Family Planning Community Hospitals E Ssential Drugs Health Centers Puericulture Center N Utrition Reatment (Medical and Emergency Care, T 2. Secondary Level of Care Non Communicable Diseases and Mental Health) Secondary care is given by physicians with basic health training S Anitation of the Environment Serves as a referral center for the primary health facilities Four Cornerstones/Pillars in Primary Health Care Capable of performing minor surgeries and perform some simple laboratory examinations Active community participation Intra and inter-sectoral linkages Use of Examples appropriate technology Support Emergency/District Hospitals mechanism made available Provincial/City Health Services Provincial/City Hospitals @MFToledo  3. Tertiary Level of Care Examples Mental Health Tertiary care is rendered by specialists in health Crutch Walking facilities Physical Therapy Referral center for the secondary care facilities Complicated cases and intensive care requires tertiary care Examples Regional Health Services Regional Medical Centers and Training Hospitals National Health Services Medical Centers Teaching and Training Hospitals Levels of Prevention Primary Prevention Focuses on health promotion and disease prevention Examples Immunization Promotion of Healthy Lifestyle (Proper Diet & Exercise) Secondary Prevention Focuses on early detection of disease and prompt treatment for individual experiencing health problems Examples Breast-Self Examination Diagnostic Test (AFB test) Cancer Signs & Symptoms (CAUTION US) Tertiary Prevention Rehabilitation (prevent further disability) Restore client’s optimum level of functioning @MFToledo MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS OF THE Evaluating COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE Involves upon actions to determine their effectiveness in order to make decisions Planning regarding future action Includes assisting the organization in Documenting the progress by comparing establishing a vision for the future achievements against a performance standard Deciding what must be done and what the organization wants to achieve Organizing Helps to determine how a manager implements planning to achieve the stated goals Major concerns Analysis of the systems Analysis of functions Assigning job responsibilities Implementation Directing Includes conveying to the workers what has occurred in the planning and organizing phases Coordinating Linking people on the health care team together to function in such a way that objectives are achieved Controlling Process that measures and corrects the activities of the people and establishes standards so that objectives are met Step Establishing standards Measuring performance criteria Correcting deviations from normal @MFToledo