Lekcija_most_common_oncologic disease_2020_Valaine.pdf

MOST COMMON CHILDHOOD MALIGNANCIES. FEATURES OF PEDIATRIC LEUKEMIAS DR. ANNA VALAINE PAEDIATRICIAN RESIDENT IN PEADIATRIC HAEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY RSU DPT. OF PAEDIATRICS 10.09.2020 CHILDHOOD CANCERS  After accidents, cancer is the second leading cause of death in chi...

MOST COMMON CHILDHOOD MALIGNANCIES. FEATURES OF PEDIATRIC LEUKEMIAS DR. ANNA VALAINE PAEDIATRICIAN RESIDENT IN PEADIATRIC HAEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY RSU DPT. OF PAEDIATRICS 10.09.2020 CHILDHOOD CANCERS  After accidents, cancer is the second leading cause of death in children ages 1 to 14.  Worldwide approximately 300,000 children aged 0 to 19 years old are diagnosed with cancer each year.  The incidence per year would be 15-16 cases / 100 000 children per year  Meaning childhood cancer is a rare disease!  In high-income countries more than 80% of children with cancer are cured, but in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) only about 20% are cured. HOW ARE CHILDHOOD CANCERS DIFFERENT? Childhood cancers Adult cancers  99% of cancers  Involves tissues  Involves organs  Nonepithelial and mesenchymal  Carcinomas  Short latency  Long latency period  Genetic involvement  Strong environmental and lifestyle influence  Few prevention strategies  80% preventable HOW ARE CHILDHOOD CANCERS DIFFERENT? Childhood cancers Adult cancers  Detection commonly accidental  Screening linked to possible early detection  80% have metastasized at time of diagnosis  Cancers are local or regional at time of diagnosis  Responsive to treatment  Less responsive to treatment  Long-term consequences with treatment  Fewer long-term consequences  >70-80% cure 