Leg Anatomy PDF

LEG OBJECTIVES - State the definition of leg. - State the types of compartments found in leg. - Describe contents of anterior compartment ( muscles with their actions on joints ,vessels and nerver). - Describe contents of Lateral compartment ( muscles with their actions on joints ,vessels and nerve...

LEG OBJECTIVES - State the definition of leg. - State the types of compartments found in leg. - Describe contents of anterior compartment ( muscles with their actions on joints ,vessels and nerver). - Describe contents of Lateral compartment ( muscles with their actions on joints ,vessels and nerves). - State the muscles involved in the major movements at each joint and how these movements may be limited by nerve injury and or trauma. - State ankle retinacula ; locations , importance,.and structures related to it Extends between the knee LEG.joint to the ankle joint The bony framework of the leg consists of two parallel bones, the tibia medially and fibula.laterally  Leg Compartments The leg is divided into anterior (extensor) posterior (flexor) lateral (Evertors ) :compartments by interosseous membrane two intermuscular septa direct attachment of the deep fascia to the periosteum of the anterior and medial borders of.the tibia  ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT  Anterior Compartment :Muscles ❖ Ankle dorsiflexors (extensors) :Blood Vessels ❖ Anterior Tibial Vessels :Nerves ❖ Deep Fibular Nerve There are four muscles that dorsiflex the foot at Muscles the ankle joint, extend the.toes, and invert the foot All are innervated by the.deep fibular nerve Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus Fibularis tertius  NERVE MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION SUPPLY Lateral surface Dorsiflexion Medial of tibia and Deep fibular of foot at Tibilis cuneiform and adjacent nerve ankle joint Anerior interosseous base of first metatarsal [L4,L5] and inversion membrane of foot Proximal Bases of distal Extension of Extensor one-half of and middle lateral four Digitorum medial surface phalanges of toes and foot Longus of fibula lateral four toes dorsiflexion Middle one-half Dorsal surface Deep Extension of Extensor of medial of base of distal fibular great toe and Hallucis surface of phalanx of nerve dorsiflexion Longus fibula great toe [L5,S1] of foot Distal part of Dorsiflexion Fibularis medial Base of fifth and eversion Tertius surface of metatarsal of foot fibula It originates from the popliteal artery in the posterior comp. of Anterior Tibial the leg and passes forward into Artery the anterior comp. through an aperture in the interosseous.membrane In the distal leg, it lies between the tendons of the tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus.muscles It leaves the leg by passing anterior to the ankle joint and continues onto the dorsal aspect of the foot as the dorsalis pedis.artery  Anterior Tibial Artery Branches Recurrent branch: anastomosis.around knee joint Muscular branches.Anterior medial malleolar A.Anterior lateral malleolar A.Dorsalis Pedis A It originates in the lateral Deep Fibular compartment of leg as one of the two divisions of the Nerve common fibular nerve arising between the fibularis longus muscle and the neck.of the fibula It passes deep to the extensor digitorum longus and reaches the anterior interosseous membrane where it meets and descends with the anterior tibial.artery :The deep fibular nerve innervates all muscles in the Deep Fibular anterior compartment Nerve ( T.A., E.H.L., E.D.L., F.T.) then continues into the dorsal aspect of the foot where it innervates the extensor digitorum brevis, contributes to the innervation of the first two dorsal interossei muscles, and supplies the skin between the great and.second toes  LATERAL COMPARTMENT :Muscles Lateral.Evertors of ankle joint 2 Compartment :Blood Vessels No major artery found, but supplied by perforating branches of Fibular artery.from the post. Comp :Nerves Superficial Fibular Nerve Fibularis longus originates from anterolateral Muscles surface of upper fibula and adjacent region of the lateral tibial condyle. Distally it passes posterior to the lateral malleolus in a shallow.bony groove It swings under the foot to cross the sole and attach to the inferior surfaces of bones on the medial side of the foot (lateral sides of the base of the first metatarsal and the.medial cuneiform) Action: Eversion and plantar.flexion of foot Fibularis Brevis Originates Muscles from the lower two-thirds of the lateral surface of the fib The tendon passes behind the lateral malleolus across the lateral surface of the calcaneus to attach to a tubercle on the lateral surface of the base of fifth.metatarsal Action: assists in eversion of the foot This nerve originates from common fibular SUPERFICIAL nerve, which enters the lateral compartment of leg from the popliteal fossa FIBULAR.near the neck of fibula NERVE It supplies the two fibular muscles and then penetrates deep fascia in the lower leg and enters the foot where it divides into medial and lateral branches, which supply dorsal :areas of the foot and toes except for the web space between the great and second toes, which is supplied by the deep.fibular nerve the lateral side of the little toe, which is supplied by the sural branch of the tibial.nerve  Ankle Retinacula Thickening of deep fascia on the lower parts of the.leg :They are five retinacula Two extensor retinacula (upper and lower) Two fibular retinacula (upper and lower) One flexor retinaculum They help to maintain the structures passing from the leg into the foot in their position and prevent.their displacement Superior extensor retinaculum is a thickening of deep fascia in the Extensor distal leg just superior to the ankle Retinacula joint and attached to the anterior.borders of the fibula and tibia inferior retinaculum is Y-shaped, attached by its base to the lateral side of the upper surface of the calcaneus, and crosses medially over the foot to attach by one of its arms to the medial malleolus, while the other arm wraps medially around the foot and attaches to the medial side of the plantar.aponeurosis Structures deep to extensor retinacula :From lateral to medial Tendon of fibularis tertius Tendon of extensor digitorum longus dorsalis pedis artery tendon of the extensor hallucis longus tendon of the tibialis anterior SuperiorFibular retinaculum extends between the lateral Fibular.malleolus and the calcaneus Retinacula Inferior Fibular retinaculum attaches to the lateral surface of the calcaneus around the fibular trochlea and blends above with the fibers of the inferior extensor.retinaculum At the fibular trochlea, a septum separates the compartment for the tendon of the fibularis brevis muscle above from that for.fibularis longus below THANK YOU