Lecture 5 - System Modeling 2024 PDF

SWE3002-42: Introduction to Software Engineering Lecture 5 – System Modeling Sooyoung Cha Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chapter 5. System Modeling Topics covered 01 System Modeling 02 Context Models...

SWE3002-42: Introduction to Software Engineering Lecture 5 – System Modeling Sooyoung Cha Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chapter 5. System Modeling Topics covered 01 System Modeling 02 Context Models 03 Interaction Models 04 Structural Models Chapter 5. (p.138 ~ p.166) 05 Behavioral Models 06 Model-driven Engineering 2  Chapter 5-1. System Modeling System Modeling [System Modeling]  A process of developing abstract models of a system. Each model presents a different view or perspective of the system. Each model usually represent a system by using diagram types in UML. 3  Chapter 5-1. System Modeling System Modeling [Models of both the existing system and the new system]  Models of the existing system. Clarifying what the existing system does. Discussing the strengths and weaknesses of the existing system.  Models of the new system. Explaining the proposed requirements to other system stakeholders. Discussing design proposals. Documenting the system for implementation. 4  Chapter 5-1. System Modeling System Modeling [Different perspectives for representing the system]  An external perspective Modeling the context or environment of the system.  An interaction perspective Modeling the interactions between a system and its environment.  A structural perspective Modeling the organization of a system or the structure of its data.  A behavioral perspective Modeling the dynamic behavior of the system. 5  Chapter 5-1. System Modeling System Modeling [Different ways to use graphical models]  Focusing discussion about an existing or proposed system. The models may be incomplete and use informal notation.  Documenting an existing system. The models do not have to be complete, but correct.  Generating a system implementation. The models do have to be complete and correct. 6  Chapter 5-1. System Modeling UML diagrams [UML: A standard language for object-oriented modeling] which show the interactions between a system and its Use case diagrams environment. Sequence which show interactions between actors and the system diagrams and between system components. which show the object classes in the system and the Class diagrams associations between these classes. which show the activities involved in a process or in data Activity diagrams processing. which show how the system reacts to internal and external State diagrams events. 7  Chapter 5-2. Context Models Context Models [Roles of Context models]  Showing how a system is positioned in an environment with other systems and processes. “A context model of Mentcare system and the other systems” 8  Chapter 5-2. Context Models Context Models [Simple Context models]  Do not show the types of relationships between the systems in the environment and the system that is being specified. Producing data for or consuming data from the system. Physical locations of the systems (e.g., same building)  The relations affect the requirements and design of the system.  Simple context models are used along with other models, such as business process models. 9  Chapter 5-2. Context Models Context Models [Simple Context model + Activity model] Start symbol End symbol “A process model of involuntary detention” 10  Chapter 5-2. Context Models Context Models [Simple Context model + Activity model] Activity Start symbol symbol End symbol bol Decision sym Fork symbol Joint symbol “A process model of involuntary detention” 11  Chapter 5-3. Interaction Models Interaction Models [Interaction Models]  Use Case Modeling. Modeling interactions between a system and external agents (human users or other systems).  Sequence diagram. Modeling interactions between system components, although external agents may also be included. 12  Chapter 5-3. Interaction Models Use case diagrams [Roles of use case diagrams]  Simply describing what a user expects from a system in the interaction.  Giving a simple overview of an interaction. Actor Use Case System Relationship extend 13  Chapter 5-3. Interaction Models Use case diagrams [Example of use case diagrams]  Actor Primary actors Secondary actors  System 14  Chapter 5-3. Interaction Models Use case diagrams [Example of use case diagrams]  Relationship Association 15  Chapter 5-3. Interaction Models Use case diagrams [Example of use case diagrams]  Relationship Include extend Extend 16  Chapter 5-3. Interaction Models Use case diagrams [Example of use case diagrams]  Relationship Include extend Extend Generalization 17  Chapter 5-3. Interaction Models Use case diagrams [Tabular description of the Transfer-data use case] Mentcares system:Transfer data Actors Medical receptionist, patient records system (PRS) A receptionist may transfer data from the Mentcare system to a general patient record database that is maintained by a health Description authority. The information transferred may be updated personal information or a summary of the patient’s diagnosis and treatment. Data Patient’s personal information, treatment summary Stimulus User command issued by medical receptionist Response Confirmation that PRS has been updated The receptionist must have appropriate security permissions to Comments 18 access the patient information and the PRS.  Chapter 5-3. Interaction Models Sequence diagrams [Roles of sequence diagrams]  Modeling the interactions between the actors and the objects in a system and the interactions between the objects.  Showing the sequence of interactions that take place during a particular use case. 19  Chapter 5-3. Interaction Models Sequence diagrams [ATM system of sequence diagrams] ATM bank server ATM bank account 20 Chapter 5-3. Interaction Models Sequence diagrams Lifeline More time is passing 21 Chapter 5-3. Interaction Models Sequence diagrams 22 Chapter 5-3. Interaction Models Sequence diagrams 23 Chapter 5-3. Interaction Models Sequence diagrams Activation boxes 24  Chapter 5-4. Structural models Structural models [Structural models]  Showing the organization of a system in terms of the components that make up that system and their relationships. [Class diagrams]  Modeling the static structure of the object classes in a SW system.  Developing an object-oriented system model to show the classes in a system and the associations between these classes. 25  Chapter 5-4. Structural models Structural models [Roles of class diagrams]  Consist of class, attributes, methods, relationships. ex) Zoo system. Class Attributes 26  Chapter 5-4. Structural models Structural models [Roles of class diagrams]  Consist of class, attributes, methods, relationships. ex) Zoo system. Class Visibility (-, + #) Attributes Methods 27  Chapter 5-4. Structural models Structural models [Roles of class diagrams]  Consist of class, attributes, methods, relationships. 28  Chapter 5-4. Structural models Structural models [Roles of class diagrams]  Consist of class, attributes, methods, relationships. Aggregation, Composition, 29  Chapter 5-4. Structural models Structural models [Roles of class diagrams]  Consist of class, attributes, methods, relationships. Aggregation, Composition, Multiplicity 30 Chapter 5-4. Structural models Class diagrams 31 Chapter 5-4. Structural models Class diagrams 32  Chapter 5-5. Behavior models Behavioral models [Behavioral models]  Models of the dynamic behavior of a system as it is executing.  Showing what happens when a system responds to a stimulus. Stimulus = data or events  Many business systems are data-driven. A phone billing system (calls → cost calculation → bill generation)  Real-time systems are usually event-driven. A landline phone switching system (handset activation → a dial tone) (pressing keys → capturing the number) 33  Chapter 5-5. Behavior models Data-driven modeling [Data-driven model]  Show the sequence of actions involved in processing input/output. [Activity diagram]  Consist of activity (rounded rectangles) and data flowing between these steps (rectangles). 34  Chapter 5-5. Behavior models Event-driven modeling [Event-driven modeling]  Showing how a system responds to external and internal events.  Assuming that a system has a finite number of states and events cause a transition from one state to another. [State diagram]  System states (Rounded rectangles) Including a brief description of the actions taken in the state.  Transition (labeled arrows) Representing stimuli that force a transition from one state to another. 35  Chapter 5-5. Behavior models Event-driven modeling [A state diagram of a microwave oven] 36  Chapter 5-5. Behavior models Event-driven modeling [A state model of the Operation state] Increase the possible states Hide detail in the models Use the notion of a “superstate” 37  Chapter 5-5. Behavior models Event-driven modeling [States and stimuli for the microwave oven] State Description Waiting The oven is waiting for input. The display shows the current time. Half power The oven power is set to 300 watts. The display shows ‘Half power’. Full power The oven power is set to 600 watts. The display shows ‘Full power’. The cooking time is set to the user’s input value. The display shows the Set time cooking time selected and is updated as the time is set. Oven operation is disabled for safety. Interior oven light is on. Disabled Display shows ‘Not ready’. Oven operation is enabled. Interior oven light is off. Enabled Display shows ‘Ready to cook’. Oven in operation. Interior oven light is on. Display shows the timer countdown. On completion of cooking, the buzzer is sounded for five Operation seconds. Oven light is on. Display shows ‘Cooking complete’ while buzzer is sounding. 38  Chapter 5-5. Behavior models Event-driven modeling [States and stimuli for the microwave oven] Stimulus Description Half power The user has pressed the half-power button. Full power The user has pressed the full-power button. Timer The user has pressed one of the timer buttons. Number The user has pressed a numeric key. Door open The oven door switch is not closed. Door closed The oven door switch is closed. Start The user has pressed the Start button. Cancel The user has pressed the Cancel button. 39  Chapter 5-6. Model-driven architecture Model-driven architecture [Model-Driven Architecture (MDA)]  A model-focused approach to software design and implementation  Expectation or Hypothesis The programs that execute on a SW platform are generated automatically from the models ????  Three types of abstract system model for MDA A computation independent model (CIM) A platform-independent model (PIM) A Platform-specific model (PSM) 40  Model-driven engineering Model-driven engineering [Three types of abstract system model for MDA] CIMs (a domain model) model the important domain abstractions used in a CIM system. (e.g., models of the actual people, places, things of a domain) PIM enables its mapping to one or more platforms by defining a set of PIM services in a way that abstracts out technical details. A PSM combines the specifications in the PIM with the details required to PSM stipulate how a system uses a particular type of platform. 41  Model-driven engineering Model-driven engineering [MDA transformations] 42  Chapter 5-6. Model-driven architecture Model-driven architecture [MDA is not a mainstream approach to SW development]  The abstractions that are useful for discussions are not the right abstractions for implementation.  For complex systems, implementation is not the major problem. ex) requirements engineering, security and dependability, testing,...  The widespread adoption of agile methods has diverted attention away from model-driven approaches. 43 Chapter 5. System Modeling Summary extend 44