Lecture 3 - Human Anatomy PDF

Lecture 3 Human Anatomy ‫ صباح عبد الرسول‬.‫د‬ Basic Structures:Part 2 Cartilage Cartilage is a form of connective tissue in which the cells and fibers are embedded in a gel-li...

Lecture 3 Human Anatomy ‫ صباح عبد الرسول‬.‫د‬ Basic Structures:Part 2 Cartilage Cartilage is a form of connective tissue in which the cells and fibers are embedded in a gel-like matrix, the latter being responsible for its firmness and resilience. Except on the exposed surfaces in joints, a fibrous membrane called the perichondrium covers the cartilage. There are three types of cartilage: 1. Hyaline cartilage has a high proportion of amorphous matrix. Throughout childhood and adolescence,it plays an important part in the growth in length of long bones. It has a great resistance to wear and covers the articular surfaces of nearly all synovial joints. 2. Fibrocartilage has many collagen fibers embedded in a small amount of matrix and is found in the discs within joints (e.g., the temporomandibular joint and knee joint) and on the articular surfaces of the clavicle and mandible. 3. Elastic cartilage possesses large numbers of elastic fibers embedded in matrix. As would be expected, it is flexible and is found in the auricle of the ear, the external auditory meatus, the auditory tube, and the epiglottis. Hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage tend to calcify or even ossify in later life. Blood Vessels Blood vessels are of three types: arteries, veins, and capillaries. 1 1. Arteries transport blood from the heart and distribute it to the various tissues of the body by means of their branches. The smallest arteries,