Fundamentals of DC Circuit PDF

UNIT 1: DC CIRCUITS Content: 1. Electrical Circuit 2. Network Components 3. Resistance 4. Capacitance 5. Inductance 6. HW Problems 1. Electrical Circuit  Charge and Charg Current Charge is an property e: of the atomic...

UNIT 1: DC CIRCUITS Content: 1. Electrical Circuit 2. Network Components 3. Resistance 4. Capacitance 5. Inductance 6. HW Problems 1. Electrical Circuit  Charge and Charg Current Charge is an property e: of the atomic electrical particles of a matter. S.I Unit: Coulomb (C) Symbol: Q Current: Rate of change of charge. OR Continuous o flow electrons in an f electrical circuit. S.I Unit: Ampere (A) Symbol: I  Charge and Current 𝑑 𝑡 Mathematica 𝐼 𝑄 𝑜𝑟 𝑄 = ∫ 𝑑 lly, = 𝐼. 𝑑𝑡 Or, in simple 𝑡 𝑡0 𝐼 terms: = So, 1 Ampere = 1 coulomb/ 1 second.  Volta ge It is the energy (Work) required to move a unit charge through an element. S.I Unit: Volt (V) Symbol: V  Power and Energy Power: Rate at which the work is done. OR Time rate of absorbing or supplying energy S.I Unit: Watts 𝑃 =𝑑𝑡 𝑑=𝑞. 𝑑𝑊 𝑑𝑊 𝑑𝑞 (W) Symbol: P = 𝑉.𝐼 𝑑𝑡 Mathematically, 𝑃= 𝑉. 𝐼 Implie s,  Power and Energy Energy: Capacity of doing work. S.I Unit: Joules(J) Symbol: E  2. Network Components Active Passive Batte ry Resistance (R) Transistor, Capacitance Op-amp, (C) Diode Inductance VS and CS (L) Generators Transformer s  3. Resistance Resistance: It is an opposition to the flow of current. S.I Unit: Ohm (Ω) Symbol: R  Capacita Capacitance is the ability of a device to store nce electrical energy in an electrostatic field. A capacitor is a device that stores energy in the form of an electrical field.. A capacitor is made of two conductors separated by a dielectric. S.I Unit: Farad (F) Symbol: C Two important Properties: 1. No current flows through the capacitor, if the voltage remains constant. 2. Voltage across a capacitor cannot change instantaneously.  Inductan ce Inductance is the characteristic of an electrical conductor that opposes a change in current flow. An inductor is a device that stores energy in a magnetic Whenfield.a current flows through a magnetic field builds up around the conductor, field contains conductor. This energy and is the foundation for inductance. S.I Unit: Henry (H) Symbol: L Two important Properties: 1. No voltage appears across an inductor, if the current through it remains constant. 2. The current through an inductor cannot change instantaneously.  Capacitance and 𝑄 Inductance V=L = 𝐼 𝐶𝑉 = 𝐶𝑉 = 𝑑𝑄 𝑑 𝑑𝑉 𝐸 = 1 2 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 1 2 𝐶 𝑑𝑡 2 𝐸 𝐿𝐼 𝜇 𝑁2 2 𝐿 𝐴 = 𝐶𝑉 𝗅(length of coil) 𝐶 = = 𝐴∈  Series SERIES Connection CONNECTION: Two or more elements are in series if they exclusively share a single node and consequently carry the same current. Point to Remember for Series Circuits  Parallel Connection PARALLEL CONNECTION: Two or more elements are in parallel if they are connected to the same two nodes and consequently have the same voltage across them Battery Voltage In Series And Parallel Note: Resistors in series behave as a single resistor whose resistance is equal to the sum of the resistances of the individual resistors. Resistors in Parallel. How to find Equivalent Resistance for Series- Parallel Combinations find 𝑹𝒆𝒒 Example: To  HW QUICK QUIZ (Poll 1) 1 Coulomb is same as: A. Watt /sec B. Ampere/sec C. Joule-sec D. Ampere-sec  QUICK QUIZ The total charge entering the terminal is 5𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝜋𝑡 𝑚𝐶. (Poll 2) Calculate current at t= 0.5 sec.: A. 31.2 A B. 31.2 mA C. 62.8 mA D. 62.8 A  QUICK QUIZ (Poll 3) Calculate the current ratings of 100 Watt incandescent bulb and 15 Watt LED lamp operated with the domestic supply of 220 Volt? A. Bulb = 0.068 A and LED = 0.45 A B. Bulb = 0.45 A and LED = 0.068 A C. Bulb =0.50 A and LED = 0.068 A D. Bulb = 0.50 and LED = 0.68 A  QUICK QUIZ (Poll 4) From the previous question, it can be inferred that: A. LED consumes 5 times more current than Bulb. B. Bulb consumes 5 times more current than LED.. C. LED consumes 6.6 times more current than Bulb. D. Bulb consumes 6.6 times more current than LED.  QUICK QUIZ (Poll 5) Identify the passive element A. Battery B. Transformer C. Transistor D. OP-amp  QUICK QUIZ (Poll 6) Find the value of capacitance if the value of voltage increases linearly from 0 to 100 V in 0.1 s causing a current flow of 5 mA? A. 10 µF B. 5 F C. 10 F D. 5 µF  QUICK QUIZ (Poll 7) Find Equivalent Resistance in Ohms? A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20  QUICK QUIZ (Poll 8) Find Equivalent Resistance in Ohms? A. 12 B. 17 C. 19 D. 29