Intra Ocular Tumors PDF

Intra Ocular Tumours Assistant professor Dr Arif younis Baletey University of Duhok KRG / IRAQ  Tumors inside the eye. collections of cells that grow and multiply abnormally and form masses. They can be benign or maligna...

Intra Ocular Tumours Assistant professor Dr Arif younis Baletey University of Duhok KRG / IRAQ  Tumors inside the eye. collections of cells that grow and multiply abnormally and form masses. They can be benign or malignant. In adults the most common type is metastatic, from another part of the body (lung, breast, prostate ) Retinoblastoma is the most common type of primary intraocular tumor in children Malignant melanoma of the uvea is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults I EEE Intraocular metastases of malignant tumors are ten times more common( incidence) than primary intraocular tumors  0 The most common benign tumor in the eye is a choroidal nevus. Choroidal hemangioma, which is a vascular tumor Although many of these benign tumors do not cause vision loss unless it is located in the macula lutea Central retina that provides detailed vision — patients can experience vision changes.  Iris melanomas are generally regarded as low-grade tumors with a low metastatic risk. Ciliary body melanomas  Ophthalmic ultrasonography (CT), (MRI), optical coherence tomography (OCT) provide important information's regarding tumor dimensions, configuration, location, OPTIC COYLYKpmg C and its extra ocular extension Conjunctival-nevus.webp MALIGNANT MELANOMA OF THE CHOROID  Ocular Melanoma It is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults. The average age of patients with o choroidal melanoma is 50 years. Clinical features: The tumor appears as a unilateral, elevated, brown oval shaped mass. It may be mottled with dark brown or black pigments Asymptomatic unless it arises near the macular area. Management: Observation: should be considered for ✓ Eyes with small lesions since differentiation from nevus may be difficult. ✓ Single eye with slowly growing tumors. Local resection for small peripheral lesions. sun Radioactive plaques fixed to the globe may be suitable for small or medium sized tumors near the posterior pole. Enucleation is indicated for large I melanomas. une External beam h irradiation prior to enucleation to lessen the risk of melanositic lesions. Transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT). RETINOBLASTOMA  It is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in childhood. It occurs in about 1 in 20,000 live births. Almost always presents prior to the age of (3 years). A positive family history is present in only 6% of cases; while sporadic cases account for the remaining 94% of cases. The tumor may be bilateral in 20% of the cases. Clinical features: Retinoblastoma may present as: Levholovin 1. Leukocoria 65% of cases. strabismus I 2. Strabismus. secon glaucoma 3. Secondary glaucoma. proptosis 4. Proptosis. An 5. Accidental on routine examination. i segffie  Leukocoria - 60% Strabismus - 20% Secondary glaucoma I Anterior segment invasion Orbital inflammation Orbital invasion  Calcified o Diagnosis: is based on 1. Ophthalmoscopy: with maximal pupillary dilatation. 2. X- ray may show tumor calcification 3. Ultrasonography 4. CT scans & MRI Treatment: mÑ0 life The privilege is to save the life of the child! globe (life , globe , vision ) inion 1- Photocoagulation for small central tumors. o 2. Trans scleral cryotherapy or diode laser for small peripheral tumors. 3. Radiotherapy or Trans- pupillary thermotherapy for medium tumors. 4. Systemic chemotherapy. 5- Enucleation with excision of a long stump of the optic nerve is the treatment of choice for large tumors affecting one eye. Differential diagnosis of leukocoria in infants: 1. Congenital cataract. 2. Retinoblastoma. 3. Retinopathy of prematurity. 4. Persistent Hyperplastic primary vitreous. 5. Coats disease:. 6. Retinal dysplasia. wQ