Nutritional Assessment Methods - Physical Activity & Energy Expenditure PDF

NDT2232 Nutritional Assessment Methods Physical Activity & Energy Expenditure (Part 1) Yi Yi Lee, Ph.D. [email protected]...

NDT2232 Nutritional Assessment Methods Physical Activity & Energy Expenditure (Part 1) Yi Yi Lee, Ph.D. [email protected] Copyright (C) 2020. School of Health Sciences. IMU For internal circulation in the International Medical University ONLY  Lesson outcomes: At the end of the lesson, students should be able to: Describe principles of measuring energy expenditure: direct and indirect calorimetry and measurement of BMR Describe methods for assessment and monitoring of physical activity: time & motion, questionnaire, heart rate monitors, pedometer and others Explain use of PAL and MET in calculating metabolic cost of activities Explain validation of tools for energy expenditure and physical activity measurements Technology-based updates 2 TOTAL ENERGY EXPENDITURE (TEE) Energy expended by an individual within 24 hours Sum of 3 components: basal metabolic rate (BMR) thermic effect of diet energy expended in physical activity (Gibney 2000; Tang et al. 2002) Growth children (< 2% of energy requirement) account for growth & development ~2 kcal/g of weight gain (FAO/WHO/UNU 2004) 3 Source: Tan et al. (2010)  BASAL METABOLIC RATE (BMR) 60 – 75% of TEE Energy which is required for the maintenance of the intracellular environment & the crucial mechanical processes such as cardiac function & respiration (Gariballa & Forster, 2006) Measurement of BMR Standardized conditions Source: Gibney (2000) 4  BASAL METABOLIC RATE (BMR) 60 – 75% of TEE Measurement of BMR Standardized conditions Postprandial state, 12-14 hours after eating Completely relaxed and still, usually shortly after waking Thermoneutral environment Free from the thermic effect of drugs 20 – 30 minutes of stable measurements 5 Source: Gibney (2000) Cont… BASAL METABOLIC RATE (BMR) Resting metabolic rate (RMR) BMR + TEF + state of unrelaxed rest (Warner et al. 1998) Resting energy expenditure (REE) measurements made in post-absorptive state (Wells 1998; Yu et al. 1999) Values between BMR & RMR/ REE differ ~10-15% RMR > BMR Sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) Energy expended during sleeping 1 – 5%