Nutritional Assessment Methods PDF

Methods of determining body composition and fat distribution : a) Skinfold measurements. a) Circumference measurements. Waist Circumference Waist Circumference: the most practical indicator of fat distribution and central obesity. have a high risk of central obesity-related health problem...

Methods of determining body composition and fat distribution : a) Skinfold measurements. a) Circumference measurements. Waist Circumference Waist Circumference: the most practical indicator of fat distribution and central obesity. have a high risk of central obesity-related health problems, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Men> 40 in (>102 cm) Women> 35 in (>88 cm) Waist-to-hip ratio: divide waist measurement by hip measurement: a) “Apple” body type: ratio close to or exceeding 1.0 b) “Pear” body type: ratio below 0.8. Nutritional Assessment: nutrition assessment: a comprehensive analysis of a person’s nutrition status To prepare a nutrition assessment, a registered dietitian or other trained healthcare professional uses: Historical information Anthropometric data Physical examinations Laboratory tests Physical examinations A third nutritional assessment technique is Physical examinations looking for clues for poor nutrition status Nutritional Assessment: nutrition assessment: a comprehensive analysis of a person’s nutrition status To prepare a nutrition assessment, a registered dietitian or other trained healthcare professional uses: Historical information Anthropometric data Physical examinations Laboratory tests Laboratory Tests A fourth way to detect a developing deficiency, imbalance, is to take samples of blood or urine, analyse them in the laboratory, and compare the results with normal values. Laboratory tests are most useful in uncovering early signs of malnutrition before symptoms appear. biochemical indicators….CONT Analysis to blood can be used to determine: **the actual level of nutrients in relation to expected level such as vitamin B 12, folate in white blood cell. biochemical indicators….CONT Urine samples may be used to monitor the baseline excretion of water soluble nutrients. Metabolites of nutrients also appear in the Urine and their levels can be monitored. 24 hour urine collection can be assayed for creatinine to indicate muscle turnover rates or nitrogen content to check protein intake. Laboratory Value: Each laboratory value = only part of the complete assessment data What can we learn from nutritional assessment? The previous techniques can be used to obtain more detailed picture of the dietary intake and nutritional status of population. Many countries such as USA, Canada,…and others by using surveillance to monitor both what people are eating and the effects of diet on disease. Stages In The Development of A Nutrient Deficiency  malnutrition Malnutrition refers to insufficient, excessive, or imbalanced consumption of nutrients. mal = bad Malnutrition is either undernutrition or overnutrition Undernutrition: deficient energy or nutrients. Overnutrition: excess energy or nutrients.