Lecture-Presentation-High-Level-Languages-Programming.pptx

Hig h-Level Lang uage Programminginvolves using programming languages that are designed to be easy for humans to read and write, as opposed to low-level languages that are closer to machine code. High-level languages abstract away much of the complexity of the underlying hardware, allowing developer...

Hig h-Level Lang uage Programminginvolves using programming languages that are designed to be easy for humans to read and write, as opposed to low-level languages that are closer to machine code. High-level languages abstract away much of the complexity of the underlying hardware, allowing developers to write more efficient and readable code. What is a High-Level Language? High-level languages are programming languages that provide a level of abstraction from the machine’s hardware. They are designed to be easy for humans to understand and use, providing features like control structures, data types, and syntax that are more intuitive than low-level programming languages. Characteristics of High-Level Languages 1. Abstraction: High-level languages abstract away the details of the computer’s hardware. Programmers do not need to manage memory manually or deal with hardware-specific instructions. 2. Ease of Use: They have syntax and constructs that are easier for humans to understand, write, and debug. This makes 3. Portability: High-level code can often be compiled or interpreted on different types of hardware with minimal modification. This makes programs more portable across various platforms. 4. Rich Libraries and Frameworks: They come with extensive libraries and frameworks that simplify complex tasks and speed up development. Examples of High-Level Languages Python: Known for its readability and simplicity, Python is used in web development, data science, artificial intelligence, and more. Java: An object-oriented language used for building platform-independent applications, including web and mobile applications. C++: An extension of the C language with object- oriented features, used for system/software development, game development, and performance-critical applications. JavaScript: Primarily used for web development to create interactive elements on websites. Ruby: Known for its elegant syntax, Ruby is used in Basic Concepts in High-Level Language Programming 1. Syntax and Semantics: o Syntax: The set of rules that defines the structure of valid statements in the language. o Semantics: The meaning of those statements, or what the statements actually do when executed. 2. Variables and Data Types: o Variables: Named storage locations in memory used to hold data that can be manipulated by the program. o Data Types: Define the kind of data a variable can 3. Control Structures: o Conditional Statements: Allow the program to make decisions and execute code based on conditions (e.g., if, else, switch). o Loops: Execute a block of code repeatedly based on a condition (e.g., for, while, do-while). 4. Functions and Procedures: o Functions: Blocks of code designed to perform a specific task. They can take inputs (parameters) and return outputs. o Procedures: Similar to functions but do not necessarily return a value. They perform actions or 5. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): o Classes and Objects: OOP languages use classes as blueprints to create objects, which are instances of classes. Classes encapsulate data (attributes) and methods (functions). o Inheritance: Allows a new class to inherit properties and behavior from an existing class. o Polymorphism: Enables one interface to be used for a general class of actions. 6. Error Handling: o Exceptions: Mechanisms for handling runtime errors in a controlled manner. Exceptions allow a program to respond to errors without crashing. 7. Input and Output (I/O): o Input: Captures data from users or external sources (e.g., keyboard input, file reading). o Output: Displays data to users or writes data to external sources (e.g., screen output, file writing). Compilation vs. Interpretation Compiled Languages: Source code is translated into machine code by a compiler before execution. Examples include C and C++. The compilation process checks for errors and produces an executable file. Interpreted Languages: Source code is executed line-by-line by an interpreter. Examples include Python and JavaScript. The interpreter Development Environments Integrated Development Environment (IDE): A software application that provides comprehensive facilities for software development, including code editors, debugging tools, and build automation. Examples include Visual Studio, PyCharm, and Eclipse. Code Editors: Simpler tools for writing and editing code, such as Sublime Text or VS Code. High-level programming languages enable developers to create complex software applications efficiently by providing a user-friendly syntax and abstractions that simplify coding tasks. They form the basis for most modern