Public and Local Administration Lecture One PDF

Public and Local Administration Lecture One Dr/ Hend Awad Mahmoud  Chapter One Introduction to Public Administration  Main Function of public Administration public administration consists of getting the work of the government done by coordinating the efforts of the people to...

Public and Local Administration Lecture One Dr/ Hend Awad Mahmoud  Chapter One Introduction to Public Administration  Main Function of public Administration public administration consists of getting the work of the government done by coordinating the efforts of the people to work together to accomplish their tasks which including managing, directing, and supervising the activities of thousands even millions of employees  Importance of public administration 1. The importance of public administration as an instrument for development and change people think to move ahead in the direction of progress and growth, their main instrument is public administration to run their institutions, schools, and technical institutes  Importance of public administration 2. The importance of public administration as an instrument for environmental management Public administrators are tasked with protecting the interests of all citizens; so, the public administrators have begun orchestrating policies that protected small businesses and specialized institutions in the country  Importance of public administration 3. The importance of public administration as an instrument for effective public leadership Governmental and political leadership is expanding rapidly. Public administration roles can also be found in the nonprofit sector, with many administrators acting as budget or economic development directors.  Importance of public administration 3. The importance of public administration as an instrument for effective public leadership Governmental and political leadership is expanding rapidly. Public administration roles can also be found in the nonprofit sector, with many administrators acting as budget or economic development directors.  Importance of public administration 4. The importance of public administration as an instrument for crisis management Government leaders and public administrators would prefer to avoid crises; however, they must have the organizational skills and knowledge to deploy necessary aid rapidly, safely, and efficiently.  What is public administration? 1. Administration: refers to the direction, coordination, and control of many persons to achieve definite purposes or objectives. The main purpose of the administration is managing duties, responsibilities, or rules to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. 2. Public: simply means the practice of administration in the public sector.  What is public administration ❑ Public Administration: is the active part of the government, how the purposes and goals of government are realized, it is concerned with the means for implementing political values and policies It has developed values and ethical standards. But as an activity, it has no values. It merely reflects the cultural norms, beliefs, and power realities of its society. So, it performed differently in different cultures  What is the Politics ❑ Politics: is the heart of public administration processes, it deals with citizens as members or groups in the specialized institution ,it sound their voices before the political officials and civil servants. It involves an incremental change in society, which relies on open debate, and distribution and redistribution of national resources and budgets through a heavy body of legislation and laws to regulate these processes.  Public administration theories 1. Theories are defined as analytical tools for understanding, explaining, and making predictions of any subject. 2. Public administration is a combination of both theory and practice. Public administration theories 1. classical public administration theory 2. new public management theory.  Public administration Theories The New Public The Classical Administration Theories Theory Theory of Theory of scientific bureaucracy management  Classical theories of public administration (1) Theory of bureaucracy 1. Bureaucracy is defined as a highly structured, formalized, and impersonal organization. 2. Under bureaucracy, the organization must have defined its hierarchical structure and determine the clear rules and regulations of authority  Characteristics of bureaucracy 1. Hierarchy of authority: it means a formal set of rules and regulations. The decision making is restructured with decisions of Impersonality in the application of rules. Each lower office is under the control and supervision of a higher one. 2. Division of labor: it is also called specialization of labor; the clear-cut division of labor makes it possible to employ only specialized experts in each position.  Characteristics of bureaucracy 3. A career structure: in which individual employees of the bureaucratic organization move through various specializations and ranks. Movement is based on merit and/or seniority. 4. A bureaucratic structure that tends to be permanent: It remains intact regardless of the flow of members in and out of it. Society becomes dependent on the bureaucracy’s functioning to the extent that chaos results if it is destroyed.  (2) Theory of scientific management 1. also often known as Taylorism 2. Scientific management focused on the discovery of basic principles of motion involved in the performance of physical tasks to determine the one best way of performing any task most efficiently. 3. the scientific management approach in its literal sense means a scientific way of managing an organization  The principles of the theory of scientific management 1. Look at each job or task scientifically to determine the “one best way” to perform the job. This is a change from the previous “rule of thumb” method where workers devised their own ways to do the job. 2. Workers should be scientifically selected according to physical, mental, and psychological attributes.  The principles of the theory of scientific management 1. Monitor worker performance and provide instruction and training when needed. In which the worker was paid according to how much he/ she produced. 2. Work should be redivided so that management has more responsibility for designing work processes and workflow.  2. The New Public administration theory 1. New public administration (NPA) is a set of administrative practices, and a body of theory that interprets recent developments in public administration. 2. It is an anti-positivist, anti-technical, and anti-hierarchical reaction against traditional public administration  2. Characteristics of New Public administration theory 1. Professional management of public organization: visible managers at the top of the organization, free to manage by use of discretionary power. 2. Explicit standards and performance measures: goals and targets are defined as an indicator of success. 3. emphasis on output controls: resource allocation and rewards are linked to performance.  2. Characteristics of New Public administration theory 4. Stress on business sector styles to manage public sector: move from traditional public services to more flexible pay, hiring, rules, procedures, etc. Business Sector Used Public Styles Sector