Lecture Demo Week 5 PDF

OS Utilities TCP/IP Commands OS Utilities  refers to software incorporated in the OS that coordinates with the activities and functions of hardware and software and it controls the operations of computer hardware. It help manage, maintain and control computer resources. Device Manager  a t...

OS Utilities TCP/IP Commands OS Utilities  refers to software incorporated in the OS that coordinates with the activities and functions of hardware and software and it controls the operations of computer hardware. It help manage, maintain and control computer resources. Device Manager  a troubleshooting tool that allows the users to 1) view which devices attached to the computer have problems and control the hardware attached to the computer 2) Manage drivers and hardware specifications 3) Disable specific pieces of hardware. System and Security  allows reviewing computer’s status and resolving issues, checking firewall status, status of RAM and processor, check device manager, checks for updates, backing-up and restoring files, protect computer thru bitlocker, and manage PC thru the administrative tools Network & Internet  is the second category under the Control Panel and contains all the tools to check the status of the network, change settings, set preferences for sharing files and computers, configure Internet connections Network and Security  protects your system from any malicious software and allows reconfiguration of network settings. TCP/IP Commands are system commands used in analyzing and troubleshooting networking issues TCP/IP Commands IPCONFIG Display the network adapter configuration Display the basic network configuration changes and reset certain facets of DHCP and DNS TCP/IP Commands ipconfig attributes /all Display full configuration information /renew Renew the IPv4 address for the specified adapter or renew an IPv4 address from a DHCP server /renew6 Renew the IPv6 address for the specified adapter renew an IPv6 address from a DHCP server /release Release / delete the IPv4 address for the specified adapter /release6 Release/delete the IPv6 address for the specified adapter /flushdns Purges / remove the DNS resolver cache /displaydns Display the contents of the DNS resolver cache TCP/IP Commands PING Used to test the following:  connectivity to other hosts  existence of other hosts on the networks. TCP/IP Commands ping attribute -t Ping the specified host until stopped Ctrl C or Ctrl Break -a Resolve addresses to hostnames -n count Number of echo request to sent -l size Send buffer size - r count Record route for count hops (IPv4-only) -s count Timestamp for count hops (IPv4-only) -4 Force using IPv4 -6 Force using IPv6 TCP/IP Commands ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) Used for mapping an Internet Protocol address (IP address) to a physical machine address that is recognized in the local network. TCP/IP Commands arp attributes - a or -g To view the IP address to MAC address table -s Adds the host and associates the Internet address inetaddr with the Physical address eth addr. TCP/IP Commands netstat is a useful tool for checking your network configuration and activity. TCP/IP Commands netstat attribute -a Displays all connections and listening ports. -n Displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form. -r Displays the routing table. -an Displays the list of all the connections to an from your computer in numeric format -s provides statistics about incoming and outgoing traffic TCP/IP Commands tracert Shows the path to a destination on another network thru a number of hops and number of ms per hop. TCP/IP Commands tracert attribute -d do not resolve addresses to hostname -h Shows the maximum hops TCP/IP Commands COMMAND NSLOOKUP Is a network administration command-line to obtain the domain name or IP address mapping or for any specific DNS record. TOPOLOGY  DEFINITION What is a Topology ? The physical Layout of a network refers to the configuration of cables, computers and other peripherals. TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY Three commonly used network topologies are:- Bus network. Ring network. Star network.  BUS TOPOLOGY All computers and devices connected to central cable or bus. Consists of a main run of cable with a terminator at each end. Popular on LANs because they are inexpensive and easy to install. BUS TOPOLOGY MAIN MENU OBJECTIVE EXERCISE SUMMARY EXIT BUS TOPOLOGY  RING TOPOLOGY Cable forms closed ring or loop, with all computers and devices arranged along ring. Data travels from device to device around entire ring, in one direction. Primarily is used for LANs, but also is used in WANs. RING TOPOLOGY  STAR TOPOLOGY All devices connect to a central device, called Hub, switch, router. All data transferred from one computer to another passes through central device. STAR TOPOLOGY STAR TOPOLOGY  DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN THE THREE TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY BUS ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE 1) Easy to connect computer or 1) Entire network shuts down if peripheral to a linear bus. there is a break in the main cable. 2) Requires less cable length 2) Terminators are required at than a star topology. both ends of the backbone cable. 3) Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down.  DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN THE THREE TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY RING ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE 1) Data is quickly transferred 1) Data packets must pass without a ‘bottle neck’. through every computer between the sender and recipient therefore, this makes it slower. 2) The transmission of data is 2) If any of the nodes fail then the relatively simple as packets ring is broken and data cannot be travel in one direction only. transmitted successfully. 3) It is difficult to troubleshoot the ring.  DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN THE THREE TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY STAR ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE 1) Easy to install and wire. 1) Requires more cable length than a linear topology. 2) Security can be implemented 2) If the hub or concentrator in the hub/switch. fails, nodes attached are disabled. 3) Easy to detect faults and to 3) More expensive than linear remove parts. bus topologies because of the cost of the concentrators. Transmission Media Figure 1 Transmission medium and physical layer Figure 2 Classes of transmission media  Guided Media Media Characteristics UTP Coaxial Fiber Optic Transmission Rate 100 mbps Several hundred Several hundred mbps mbps Transmission