Lecture 8 for Upload - Auditory and Vestibular Senses - PDF

Auditory and Vestibular Sense Announcements 1. Exam grades 2. To review exam: Dr. Carlson’s office hours or by appointment with Dr. Carlson or Nilu 3. Article Critique and Comparison: due Saturday, September 28 by midnight on Moodle 4. Journal club begins this week Auditory System  Charac...

Auditory and Vestibular Sense Announcements 1. Exam grades 2. To review exam: Dr. Carlson’s office hours or by appointment with Dr. Carlson or Nilu 3. Article Critique and Comparison: due Saturday, September 28 by midnight on Moodle 4. Journal club begins this week Auditory System  Characteristics of sound waves Frequency: # of cycles per second Our perception of frequency is pitch Amplitude: intensity; magnitude of deviation Our perception of amplitude is loudness  Human range: 20 – 20,000 Hz Range of responsiveness Infrasound: < 20Hz Ultrasound: > 20,000 Hz Structures of the Outer Ear Structures of the Middle Ear Hearing loss: conductive deafness Structures of the Inner Ear Structures of the Inner Ear Structures of the Inner Ear Signal Transduction Hearing loss: sensorineural deafness From Cochlea to Cortex Auditory Pathways  Place coding theory: physical location encodes pitch Temporal coding theory: rate of firing encodes pitch Pitch Encoding  Superior olivary nuclei: 1. Lateral superior olive: intensity differences 2. Medial superior olive: temporal differences Interaural intensity differences (IID) Interaural temporal differences (ITD) Sound Localization Auditory Cortex Primary auditory cortex (A1): superior temporal gyrus Processing streams: 1. Dorsal stream: spatial location of sounds; parietal lobe 2. Ventral stream: components of complex sounds; Auditory Cortex frontal lobe Hearing loss: central deafness Music in the brain Infrasound: The Ghost Frequency Vestibular System Vestibular Perception Vestibulocochlear cranial nerve Vestibular nuclei Thalamus Motor nuclei Cortical areas Vestibulocerebellar tract Vestibular Pathways Practice questions Consider the components of a sound: how are pitch and volume encoded during signal transduction? Label and explain the function of the major structures of the ear. Explain how hair cells produce changes in the auditory nerve. Follow the pathway of the auditory and vestibular systems. What kind of processing happens at each level? Explain the relationship of the auditory and vestibular structures? Video Resources Two Minute Neuroscience: the cochlea Two Minute Neuroscience: the vestibular system Two Minute Neuroscience: the thalamus Two Minute Neuroscience: dorsal columns (touch) Two Minute Neuroscience: anterolateral system (pain)