Lecture 7: Non-Traditional Actors in IR PDF

Non-traditional actors in IR Marcin Zubek, JUK ▪ States and governments ▪ International (governmental) organisations (IGOs) Actors in IR ▪ Transnational political actors ▪ Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) ▪ International non-governmental organisations (INGOs) ▪ Illegal groups/associations...

Non-traditional actors in IR Marcin Zubek, JUK ▪ States and governments ▪ International (governmental) organisations (IGOs) Actors in IR ▪ Transnational political actors ▪ Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) ▪ International non-governmental organisations (INGOs) ▪ Illegal groups/associations ▪ ”Transcend” national borders and influence governments ▪ Significance of the density of interactions International organisations (IGOs) ▪ Have their statutes, laws, treaties, constitutions, norms, which limit the governments ▪ Typology based on: ▪ Territorial range ▪ Catalogue of issues ▪ Competences vis-a-vis member states ▪ Internal and intrenational meaning of regionalism ▪ Regionalisation: 'the growth of societal integration within a Regional organisations region andthe often undirected processes of social and econo mic interaction (Hurrell) ▪ Various reasons for regional cooperation: economic, security, social, political ▪ Regional cooperation and regional integration ▪ Regions in the World ▪ Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) (1975) ▪ Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) (1964) Regionalism ion Africa ▪ Southern African Customs Union (SACU) (1910) – the oldest CU in the world ▪ East African Community (EAC) (2000) ▪ Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) (1994) ▪ African Union (formerly OAU) (2002) ▪ Management of: Regional integration ▪ independence - international identity and 'actorhood': how do sets of societies want to participate in international affairs? ▪ interdependence - on what kind of issues they want to base their cooperation? ▪ Internationalisation – what are the regional responses to globalisation? ▪ The United States and Canada ▪ Simon Bolivar and Treaty of Union, League, and Perpetual Confederation (1826 Congress of Panama) ▪ Panamerican conference (1899), which led to the creation of OAS in the 1948 Regionalism in Americas ▪ NAFTA (1994) ▪ Central American Common Market (CACM, 1960) ▪ Latin American Free Trade Association (LAFTA, 1961) ▪ Andean Community of Nations ▪ MERCOSUR ▪ Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) (1954) ▪ Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) (1955) Regionalism in Asia ▪ Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (1967) ▪ Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) (1989) ▪ Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) (2002) ▪ CIS ▪ CEFTA ▪ EFTA Regionalism in Europe ▪ Eurasian Customs Union ▪ Visegrad Group ▪ Nordic Council ▪ The European Union ▪ Council of Europe ▪ Transnational corporations and transnational political actors ▪ Main HQs in the US, but more and more often in developing states Transnational actors ▪ Problems with sovereignty of states over their economies (especially international trade, taxes and regulations – 'race to the bottom' ▪ Exterritoriality - which government should control a branch of US' TNC in Poland? ▪ In cosequence – global regulation instead of local deregulation? ▪ Consultation, communication and opinion-formation Nongovernmental organisations (NGOs and INGOs) ▪ What defines and NGO (according to the UN) ▪ Supports aims and work of the UN ▪ Representative, with an HQ ▪ Non-profit (companies are excluded, but eg. trade federations are not) ▪ Cannot incite violence ▪ Neutrality ▪ Not funded by a government ▪ International criminal organisations (eg. drug cartels, arms Illegal organisations dealers) ▪ Terrorist networks ▪ National liberation movements, guerrllias